Docs: Markdown is no longer web app only

Android renders Markdown since 1.17.8 (#310).

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+dist
+*/node_modules
+Dockerfile*

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/working-with-files/using-files/viewing-a-file#ignore-commits-in-the-blame-view
+
+# Run prettier (https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/pull/746)
+6f6a2d1f693070bf72e89d86748080e4825c9164
+c87549e71a10bc789eac8036078228f06e515a8e
+ca5d736a7169eb6b4b0d849e061d5bf9565dcc53
+2e27f58963feb9e4d1c573d4745d07770777fa7d
+
+# Run eslint (https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/pull/748)
+f558b4dbe9bb5b9e0e87fada1215de2558353173
+8319f1cf26113167fb29fe12edaff5db74caf35f

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_bug_report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+name: 🐛 Bug Report
+about: Report any errors and problems
+title: ''
+labels: '🪲 bug'
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+:lady_beetle: **Describe the bug**
+<!-- A clear and concise description of the problem. -->
+
+:computer: **Components impacted**
+<!-- ntfy server, Android app, iOS app, web app  -->
+
+:bulb: **Screenshots and/or logs**
+<!-- 
+If applicable, add screenshots or share logs help explain your problem.
+To get logs from the ...
+- ntfy server: Enable "log-level: trace" in your server.yml file
+- Android app: Go to "Settings" -> "Record logs", then eventually "Copy/upload logs"
+- web app: Press "F12" and find the "Console" window 
+-->
+
+:crystal_ball: **Additional context**
+<!-- Add any other context about the problem here. -->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_enhancement_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+name: 💡 Feature/Enhancement Request
+about: Got a great idea? Let us know!
+title: ''
+labels: 'enhancement'
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+<!--
+
+Before you submit, consider asking on Discord/Matrix instead. You'll usually get an answer
+sooner, and there are more people there to help!
+
+- Discord: https://discord.gg/cT7ECsZj9w
+- Matrix: https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy:matrix.org / https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy-space:matrix.org
+
+-->
+
+:bulb: **Idea**
+<!-- Share your thoughts; try to be detailed if you can -->
+
+:computer: **Target components**
+<!-- Where should this feature/enhancement be added? -->
+<!-- e.g. ntfy server, Android app, iOS app, web app -->
+

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_tech_support.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+name: 🆘 I need help with ...
+about: Installing ntfy, configuring the app, etc.
+title: ''
+labels: 'tech-support'
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+
+<!--
+
+STOP! 
+
+This is not the right place to ask for help. Consider asking on Discord/Matrix instead. 
+You'll usually get an answer sooner, and there are more people there to help!
+
+- Discord: https://discord.gg/cT7ECsZj9w
+- Matrix: https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy:matrix.org / https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy-space:matrix.org
+
+-->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_question.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+name: ❓ Question
+about: Ask a question about ntfy
+title: ''
+labels: 'question'
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
+<!--
+
+Before you submit, consider asking on Discord/Matrix instead. You'll usually get an answer
+sooner, and there are more people there to help!
+
+- Discord: https://discord.gg/cT7ECsZj9w
+- Matrix: https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy:matrix.org / https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy-space:matrix.org
+
+-->
+
+:question: **Question**
+<!-- Go ahead and ask your question here :) -->

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "npm"
+    directory: "/web"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+    groups:
+      all:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"

.github/workflows/build.yaml

@@ -1,39 +1,27 @@
 name: build
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
 jobs:
   build:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      -
-        name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@b7ad1dad31e06c5925ef5d2fc7ad053ef454303e # v7.0.0
         with:
-          go-version: '1.19.x'
-      -
-        name: Install node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
+          go-version-file: '.go-version'
+      - name: Install node
+        uses: actions/setup-node@820762786026740c76f36085b0efc47a31fe5020 # v7.0.0
         with:
-          node-version: '17'
-      -
-        name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      -
-        name: Cache Go and npm modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/go/pkg/mod
-            ~/go/bin
-            ~/.npm
-            web/node_modules
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-ntfy-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum', '**/package.lock') }}
-          restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-ntfy-
-      -
-        name: Install dependencies
+          node-version: '24'
+          cache: 'npm'
+          cache-dependency-path: './web/package-lock.json'
+      - name: Install dependencies
         run: make build-deps-ubuntu
-      -
-        name: Build all the things
+      - name: Build all the things
         run: make build
-      -
-        name: Print build results and checksums
+      - name: Print build results and checksums
         run: make cli-build-results

.github/workflows/docs.yaml

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       -
         name: Checkout ntfy code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
       -
         name: Checkout docs pages code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
         with:
           repository: binwiederhier/ntfy-docs.github.io
           path: build/ntfy-docs.github.io
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cd build/ntfy-docs.github.io
           git config user.name "GitHub Actions Bot"
-          git config user.email "<>"          
+          git config user.email "<actions@github.com>"          
           git add docs/
           git commit -m "Updated docs"
           git push origin main

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -6,45 +6,46 @@ on:
 jobs:
   release:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    services:
+      postgres:
+        image: postgres:17
+        env:
+          POSTGRES_USER: ntfy
+          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ntfy
+          POSTGRES_DB: ntfy_test
+        ports:
+          - 5432:5432
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd "pg_isready -U ntfy"
+          --health-interval 10s
+          --health-timeout 5s
+          --health-retries 5
+    env:
+      NTFY_TEST_DATABASE_URL: "postgres://ntfy:ntfy@localhost:5432/ntfy_test?sslmode=disable"
+      NTFY_TEST_S3_URL: ${{ secrets.NTFY_TEST_S3_URL }}
     steps:
-      -
-        name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@b7ad1dad31e06c5925ef5d2fc7ad053ef454303e # v7.0.0
         with:
-          go-version: '1.19.x'
-      -
-        name: Install node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
+          go-version-file: '.go-version'
+      - name: Install node
+        uses: actions/setup-node@820762786026740c76f36085b0efc47a31fe5020 # v7.0.0
         with:
-          node-version: '17'
-      -
-        name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      -
-        name: Cache Go and npm modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/go/pkg/mod
-            ~/go/bin
-            ~/.npm
-            web/node_modules
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-ntfy-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum', '**/package.lock') }}
-          restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-ntfy-
-      -
-        name: Docker login
-        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+          node-version: '24'
+          cache: 'npm'
+          cache-dependency-path: './web/package-lock.json'
+      - name: Docker login
+        uses: docker/login-action@371161bbe7024a29a25c5e19bfcbc0804fe9ad2c # v4.5.2
         with:
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_TOKEN }}
-      -
-        name: Install dependencies
+      - name: Install dependencies
         run: make build-deps-ubuntu
-      -
-        name: Build and publish
+      - name: Build and publish
         run: make release
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-      -
-        name: Print build results and checksums
+      - name: Print build results and checksums
         run: make cli-build-results

.github/workflows/test.yaml

@@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
 name: test
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    services:
+      postgres:
+        image: postgres:17
+        env:
+          POSTGRES_USER: ntfy
+          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ntfy
+          POSTGRES_DB: ntfy_test
+        ports:
+          - 5432:5432
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd "pg_isready -U ntfy"
+          --health-interval 10s
+          --health-timeout 5s
+          --health-retries 5
+    env:
+      NTFY_TEST_DATABASE_URL: "postgres://ntfy:ntfy@localhost:5432/ntfy_test?sslmode=disable"
+      NTFY_TEST_S3_URL: ${{ secrets.NTFY_TEST_S3_URL }}
     steps:
-      -
-        name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@3d3c42e5aac5ba805825da76410c181273ba90b1 # v7.0.1
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@b7ad1dad31e06c5925ef5d2fc7ad053ef454303e # v7.0.0
         with:
-          go-version: '1.19.x'
-      -
-        name: Install node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v2
+          go-version-file: '.go-version'
+      - name: Install node
+        uses: actions/setup-node@820762786026740c76f36085b0efc47a31fe5020 # v7.0.0
         with:
-          node-version: '17'
-      -
-        name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      -
-        name: Cache Go and npm modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v3
-        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/go/pkg/mod
-            ~/go/bin
-            ~/.npm
-            web/node_modules
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-ntfy-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum', '**/package.lock') }}
-          restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-ntfy-
-      -
-        name: Install dependencies
+          node-version: '24'
+          cache: 'npm'
+          cache-dependency-path: './web/package-lock.json'
+      - name: Install dependencies
         run: make build-deps-ubuntu
-      -
-        name: Build docs (required for tests)
+      - name: Build docs (required for tests)
         run: make docs
-      -
-        name: Build web app (required for tests)
+      - name: Build web app (required for tests)
         run: make web
-      -
-        name: Run tests, formatting, vetting and linting
-        run: make check
-      -
-        name: Run coverage
+      - name: Run tests, formatting, vetting and linting
+        run: make checkv
+      - name: Run coverage
         run: make coverage
-      -
-        name: Upload coverage to codecov.io
-        run: make coverage-upload

.gitignore

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 dist/
+dev-dist/
 build/
 .idea/
 .vscode/
@@ -6,8 +7,15 @@ build/
 server/docs/
 server/site/
 tools/fbsend/fbsend
+tools/pgimport/pgimport
+tools/loadtest/loadtest
+tools/s3cli/s3cli
 playground/
 secrets/
 *.iml
 node_modules/
 .DS_Store
+__pycache__
+web/dev-dist/
+venv/
+cmd/key-file.yaml

.go-version

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1.27.0

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -1,76 +1,72 @@
+version: 2
 before:
   hooks:
     - go mod download
     - go mod tidy
 builds:
-  -
-    id: ntfy_linux_amd64
+  - id: ntfy_linux_amd64
     binary: ntfy
     env:
       - CGO_ENABLED=1 # required for go-sqlite3
-    tags: [sqlite_omit_load_extension,osusergo,netgo]
+    tags: [ sqlite_omit_load_extension,osusergo,netgo ]
     ldflags:
       - "-linkmode=external -extldflags=-static -s -w -X main.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.Date}}"
-    goos: [linux]
-    goarch: [amd64]
-  -
-    id: ntfy_linux_armv6
+    goos: [ linux ]
+    goarch: [ amd64 ]
+  - id: ntfy_linux_armv6
     binary: ntfy
     env:
       - CGO_ENABLED=1 # required for go-sqlite3
       - CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc # apt install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi
-    tags: [sqlite_omit_load_extension,osusergo,netgo]
+    tags: [ sqlite_omit_load_extension,osusergo,netgo ]
     ldflags:
       - "-linkmode=external -extldflags=-static -s -w -X main.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.Date}}"
-    goos: [linux]
-    goarch: [arm]
-    goarm: [6]
-  -
-    id: ntfy_linux_armv7
+    goos: [ linux ]
+    goarch: [ arm ]
+    goarm: [ 6 ]
+  - id: ntfy_linux_armv7
     binary: ntfy
     env:
       - CGO_ENABLED=1 # required for go-sqlite3
       - CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc # apt install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi
-    tags: [sqlite_omit_load_extension,osusergo,netgo]
+    tags: [ sqlite_omit_load_extension,osusergo,netgo ]
     ldflags:
       - "-linkmode=external -extldflags=-static -s -w -X main.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.Date}}"
-    goos: [linux]
-    goarch: [arm]
-    goarm: [7]
-  -
-    id: ntfy_linux_arm64
+    goos: [ linux ]
+    goarch: [ arm ]
+    goarm: [ 7 ]
+  - id: ntfy_linux_arm64
     binary: ntfy
     env:
       - CGO_ENABLED=1 # required for go-sqlite3
       - CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc # apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu
-    tags: [sqlite_omit_load_extension,osusergo,netgo]
+    tags: [ sqlite_omit_load_extension,osusergo,netgo ]
     ldflags:
       - "-linkmode=external -extldflags=-static -s -w -X main.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.Date}}"
-    goos: [linux]
-    goarch: [arm64]
-  -
-    id: ntfy_windows_amd64
+    goos: [ linux ]
+    goarch: [ arm64 ]
+  - id: ntfy_windows_amd64
     binary: ntfy
     env:
-      - CGO_ENABLED=0 # explicitly disable, since we don't need go-sqlite3
-    tags: [noserver] # don't include server files
+      - CGO_ENABLED=1 # required for go-sqlite3
+      - CC=x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc # apt install gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64
+    tags: [ sqlite_omit_load_extension,osusergo,netgo ]
     ldflags:
-      - "-X main.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.Date}}"
-    goos: [windows]
-    goarch: [amd64]
+      - "-s -w -X main.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.Date}}"
+    goos: [ windows ]
+    goarch: [amd64 ]
   -
     id: ntfy_darwin_all
     binary: ntfy
     env:
       - CGO_ENABLED=0 # explicitly disable, since we don't need go-sqlite3
-    tags: [noserver] # don't include server files
+    tags: [ noserver ] # don't include server files
     ldflags:
       - "-X main.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.Date}}"
-    goos: [darwin]
-    goarch: [amd64, arm64] # will be combined to "universal binary" (see below)
+    goos: [ darwin ]
+    goarch: [ amd64, arm64 ] # will be combined to "universal binary" (see below)
 nfpms:
-  -
-    package_name: ntfy
+  - package_name: ntfy
     homepage: https://heckel.io/ntfy
     maintainer: Philipp C. Heckel <philipp.heckel@gmail.com>
     description: Simple pub-sub notification service
@@ -90,6 +86,8 @@ nfpms:
         type: "config|noreplace"
       - src: client/ntfy-client.service
         dst: /lib/systemd/system/ntfy-client.service
+      - src: client/user/ntfy-client.service
+        dst: /lib/systemd/user/ntfy-client.service
       - dst: /var/cache/ntfy
         type: dir
       - dst: /var/cache/ntfy/attachments
@@ -97,16 +95,15 @@ nfpms:
       - dst: /var/lib/ntfy
         type: dir
       - dst: /usr/share/ntfy/logo.png
-        src: web/public/static/img/ntfy.png
+        src: web/public/static/images/ntfy.png
     scripts:
       preinstall: "scripts/preinst.sh"
       postinstall: "scripts/postinst.sh"
       preremove: "scripts/prerm.sh"
       postremove: "scripts/postrm.sh"
 archives:
-  -
-    id: ntfy_linux
-    builds:
+  - id: ntfy_linux
+    ids:
       - ntfy_linux_amd64
       - ntfy_linux_armv6
       - ntfy_linux_armv7
@@ -119,40 +116,32 @@ archives:
       - server/ntfy.service
       - client/client.yml
       - client/ntfy-client.service
-    replacements:
-      amd64: x86_64
-  -
-    id: ntfy_windows
-    builds:
+      - client/user/ntfy-client.service
+  - id: ntfy_windows
+    ids:
       - ntfy_windows_amd64
-    format: zip
+    formats: [ zip ]
     wrap_in_directory: true
     files:
       - LICENSE
       - README.md
       - client/client.yml
-    replacements:
-      amd64: x86_64
-  -
-    id: ntfy_darwin
-    builds:
+  - id: ntfy_darwin
+    ids:
       - ntfy_darwin_all
     wrap_in_directory: true
     files:
       - LICENSE
       - README.md
       - client/client.yml
-    replacements:
-      darwin: macOS
 universal_binaries:
-  -
-    id: ntfy_darwin_all
+  - id: ntfy_darwin_all
     replace: true
     name_template: ntfy
 checksum:
   name_template: 'checksums.txt'
 snapshot:
-  name_template: "{{ .Tag }}-next"
+  version_template: "{{ .Tag }}-next"
 changelog:
   sort: asc
   filters:
@@ -170,14 +159,14 @@ dockers:
   - image_templates:
       - &arm64v8_image "binwiederhier/ntfy:{{ .Tag }}-arm64v8"
     use: buildx
-    dockerfile: Dockerfile
+    dockerfile: Dockerfile-arm
     goarch: arm64
     build_flag_templates:
       - "--platform=linux/arm64/v8"
   - image_templates:
       - &armv7_image "binwiederhier/ntfy:{{ .Tag }}-armv7"
     use: buildx
-    dockerfile: Dockerfile
+    dockerfile: Dockerfile-arm
     goarch: arm
     goarm: 7
     build_flag_templates:
@@ -185,7 +174,7 @@ dockers:
   - image_templates:
       - &armv6_image "binwiederhier/ntfy:{{ .Tag }}-armv6"
     use: buildx
-    dockerfile: Dockerfile
+    dockerfile: Dockerfile-arm
     goarch: arm
     goarm: 6
     build_flag_templates:
@@ -203,3 +192,15 @@ docker_manifests:
       - *arm64v8_image
       - *armv7_image
       - *armv6_image
+  - name_template: "binwiederhier/ntfy:v{{ .Major }}"
+    image_templates:
+      - *amd64_image
+      - *arm64v8_image
+      - *armv7_image
+      - *armv6_image
+  - name_template: "binwiederhier/ntfy:v{{ .Major }}.{{ .Minor }}"
+    image_templates:
+      - *amd64_image
+      - *arm64v8_image
+      - *armv7_image
+      - *armv6_image

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ representative at an online or offline event.
 
 Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
 reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement via Discord/Matrix (binwiederhier),
-or email (ntfy@heckel.io). All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly 
+or email (contact@mail.ntfy.sh). All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly 
 and fairly.
 
 All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the

Dockerfile

@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
 FROM alpine
-MAINTAINER Philipp C. Heckel <philipp.heckel@gmail.com>
 
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.authors="philipp.heckel@gmail.com"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.url="https://ntfy.sh/"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.documentation="https://docs.ntfy.sh/"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source="https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.vendor="Philipp C. Heckel"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.licenses="Apache-2.0, GPL-2.0"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.title="ntfy"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.description="Send push notifications to your phone or desktop using PUT/POST"
+
+RUN apk add --no-cache tzdata
 COPY ntfy /usr/bin
 
-HEALTHCHECK --interval=60s --timeout=10s CMD wget -q --tries=1 http://localhost/v1/health -O - | grep -Eo '"healthy"\s*:\s*true' || exit 1
-
 EXPOSE 80/tcp
 ENTRYPOINT ["ntfy"]

Dockerfile-arm

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+FROM alpine
+
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.authors="philipp.heckel@gmail.com"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.url="https://ntfy.sh/"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.documentation="https://docs.ntfy.sh/"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source="https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.vendor="Philipp C. Heckel"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.licenses="Apache-2.0, GPL-2.0"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.title="ntfy"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.description="Send push notifications to your phone or desktop using PUT/POST"
+
+# Alpine does not support adding "tzdata" on ARM anymore, see
+# https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/issues/894
+
+COPY ntfy /usr/bin
+
+EXPOSE 80/tcp
+ENTRYPOINT ["ntfy"]

Dockerfile-build

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+FROM golang:1.25-bookworm AS builder
+
+ARG VERSION=dev
+ARG COMMIT=unknown
+ARG NODE_MAJOR=24
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+       build-essential ca-certificates curl gnupg \
+    && mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings \
+    && curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg \
+    && echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_$NODE_MAJOR.x nodistro main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list \
+    && apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y \
+      python3-pip \
+      python3-venv \
+      nodejs \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+WORKDIR /app
+ADD Makefile .
+
+# docs
+ADD ./requirements.txt .
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/pip make docs-deps
+ADD ./mkdocs.yml .
+ADD ./docs ./docs
+RUN make docs-build
+
+# web
+ADD ./web/package.json ./web/package-lock.json ./web/
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.npm make web-deps
+ADD ./web ./web
+RUN make web-build
+
+# cli & server
+ADD go.mod go.sum main.go ./
+ADD ./client ./client
+ADD ./cmd ./cmd
+ADD ./log ./log
+ADD ./server ./server
+ADD ./user ./user
+ADD ./util ./util
+ADD ./payments ./payments
+ADD ./db ./db
+ADD ./message ./message
+ADD ./model ./model
+ADD ./webpush ./webpush
+ADD ./attachment ./attachment
+ADD ./mail ./mail
+ADD ./s3 ./s3
+ADD ./action ./action
+ADD ./template/gotext ./template/gotext
+
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build make VERSION=$VERSION COMMIT=$COMMIT cli-linux-server
+
+FROM alpine
+
+ARG VERSION=dev
+
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.authors="philipp.heckel@gmail.com"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.url="https://ntfy.sh/"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.documentation="https://docs.ntfy.sh/"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source="https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.vendor="Philipp C. Heckel"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.licenses="Apache-2.0, GPL-2.0"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.title="ntfy"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.description="Send push notifications to your phone or desktop using PUT/POST"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.version="$VERSION"
+
+COPY --from=builder /app/dist/ntfy_linux_server/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
+
+EXPOSE 80/tcp
+ENTRYPOINT ["ntfy"]

Makefile

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 MAKEFLAGS := --jobs=1
+NPM := npm
+PYTHON := python3
+PIP := pip3
 VERSION := $(shell git describe --tag)
 COMMIT := $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)
 
-.PHONY:
+# FORCE is an always-out-of-date target with no recipe; listing it as a prerequisite
+# forces that target's recipe to run every time (the classic "FORCE target" idiom).
+FORCE:
 
 help:
 	@echo "Typical commands (more see below):"
@@ -29,12 +34,20 @@ help:
 	@echo "Build server & client (without GoReleaser):"
 	@echo "  make cli-linux-server           - Build client & server (no GoReleaser, current arch, Linux)"
 	@echo "  make cli-darwin-server          - Build client & server (no GoReleaser, current arch, macOS)"
+	@echo "  make cli-windows-server         - Build client & server (no GoReleaser, amd64 only, Windows)"
 	@echo "  make cli-client                 - Build client only (no GoReleaser, current arch, Linux/macOS/Windows)"
 	@echo
+	@echo "Build dev Docker:"
+	@echo "  make docker-dev                 - Build client & server for current architecture using Docker only"
+	@echo
 	@echo "Build web app:"
 	@echo "  make web                        - Build the web app"
 	@echo "  make web-deps                   - Install web app dependencies (npm install the universe)"
 	@echo "  make web-build                  - Actually build the web app"
+	@echo "  make web-lint                   - Run eslint on the web app"
+	@echo "  make web-test                   - Run vitest unit tests for the web app"
+	@echo "  make web-fmt                    - Run prettier on the web app"
+	@echo "  make web-fmt-check              - Run prettier on the web app, but don't change anything"
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build documentation:"
 	@echo "  make docs                       - Build the documentation"
@@ -42,7 +55,9 @@ help:
 	@echo "  make docs-build                 - Actually build the documentation"
 	@echo
 	@echo "Test/check:"
-	@echo "  make test                       - Run tests"
+	@echo "  make test                       - Run all tests (Go + web)"
+	@echo "  make cli-test                   - Run Go tests only"
+	@echo "  make web-test                   - Run web app tests only"
 	@echo "  make race                       - Run tests with -race flag"
 	@echo "  make coverage                   - Run tests and show coverage"
 	@echo "  make coverage-html              - Run tests and show coverage (as HTML)"
@@ -72,48 +87,54 @@ help:
 
 # Building everything
 
-clean: .PHONY
+clean: FORCE
 	rm -rf dist build server/docs server/site
 
 build: web docs cli
 
-update: web-deps-update cli-deps-update docs-deps-update
+update: web-deps-update cli-deps-update docs-deps-update go-check
 	docker pull alpine
 
+docker-dev:
+	docker build \
+		--file ./Dockerfile-build \
+		--tag binwiederhier/ntfy:$(VERSION) \
+		--tag binwiederhier/ntfy:dev \
+		--build-arg VERSION=$(VERSION) \
+		--build-arg COMMIT=$(COMMIT) \
+		./
+
+
 # Ubuntu-specific
 
 build-deps-ubuntu:
-	sudo apt update
-	sudo apt install -y \
+	sudo apt-get update
+	sudo apt-get install -y \
 		curl \
 		gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu \
 		gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi \
+		gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64 \
+		python3 \
+		python3-venv \
 		jq
-	which pip3 || sudo apt install -y python3-pip
+	which pip3 || sudo apt-get install -y python3-pip
+
 
 # Documentation
 
 docs: docs-deps docs-build
 
-docs-build: .PHONY
-	@if ! /bin/echo -e "import sys\nif sys.version_info < (3,8):\n exit(1)" | python3; then \
-	  if which python3.8; then \
-	  	echo "python3.8 $(shell which mkdocs) build"; \
-	    python3.8 $(shell which mkdocs) build; \
-	  else \
-	    echo "ERROR: Python version too low. mkdocs-material needs >= 3.8"; \
-	    exit 1; \
-	  fi; \
-	else \
-	  echo "mkdocs build"; \
-	  mkdocs build; \
-	fi
+docs-venv: FORCE
+	$(PYTHON) -m venv ./venv
 
-docs-deps: .PHONY
-	pip3 install -r requirements.txt
+docs-build: docs-venv
+	(. venv/bin/activate && $(PYTHON) -m mkdocs build)
 
-docs-deps-update: .PHONY
-	pip3 install -r requirements.txt --upgrade
+docs-deps: docs-venv
+	(. venv/bin/activate && $(PIP) install -r requirements.txt)
+
+docs-deps-update: FORCE
+	(. venv/bin/activate && $(PIP) install -r requirements.txt --upgrade)
 
 
 # Web app
@@ -122,44 +143,56 @@ web: web-deps web-build
 
 web-build:
 	cd web \
-		&& npm run build \
+		&& $(NPM) run build \
 		&& mv build/index.html build/app.html \
 		&& rm -rf ../server/site \
 		&& mv build ../server/site \
 		&& rm \
-			../server/site/config.js \
-			../server/site/asset-manifest.json
+			../server/site/config.js
 
 web-deps:
-	cd web && npm install
+	cd web && $(NPM) ci
+	# Use "npm ci" so that we don't change the package lock file
 	# If this fails for .svg files, optimize them with svgo
 
 web-deps-update:
-	cd web && npm update
+	cd web && $(NPM) update --before="$(shell date -d '7 days ago' +%Y-%m-%d)"
+	cd web && $(NPM) install
 
+web-fmt:
+	cd web && $(NPM) run format
+
+web-fmt-check:
+	cd web && $(NPM) run format:check
+
+web-lint:
+	cd web && $(NPM) run lint
+
+web-test:
+	cd web && $(NPM) run test
 
 # Main server/client build
 
 cli: cli-deps
-	goreleaser build --snapshot --rm-dist
+	goreleaser build --snapshot --clean
 
 cli-linux-amd64: cli-deps-static-sites
-	goreleaser build --snapshot --rm-dist --id ntfy_linux_amd64
+	goreleaser build --snapshot --clean --id ntfy_linux_amd64
 
 cli-linux-armv6: cli-deps-static-sites cli-deps-gcc-armv6-armv7
-	goreleaser build --snapshot --rm-dist --id ntfy_linux_armv6
+	goreleaser build --snapshot --clean --id ntfy_linux_armv6
 
 cli-linux-armv7: cli-deps-static-sites cli-deps-gcc-armv6-armv7
-	goreleaser build --snapshot --rm-dist --id ntfy_linux_armv7
+	goreleaser build --snapshot --clean --id ntfy_linux_armv7
 
 cli-linux-arm64: cli-deps-static-sites cli-deps-gcc-arm64
-	goreleaser build --snapshot --rm-dist --id ntfy_linux_arm64
+	goreleaser build --snapshot --clean --id ntfy_linux_arm64
 
 cli-windows-amd64: cli-deps-static-sites
-	goreleaser build --snapshot --rm-dist --id ntfy_windows_amd64
+	goreleaser build --snapshot --clean --id ntfy_windows_amd64
 
 cli-darwin-all: cli-deps-static-sites
-	goreleaser build --snapshot --rm-dist --id ntfy_darwin_all
+	goreleaser build --snapshot --clean --id ntfy_darwin_all
 
 cli-linux-server: cli-deps-static-sites
 	# This is a target to build the CLI (including the server) manually.
@@ -181,6 +214,16 @@ cli-darwin-server: cli-deps-static-sites
 		-ldflags \
 		"-linkmode=external -s -w -X main.version=$(VERSION) -X main.commit=$(COMMIT) -X main.date=$(shell date +%s)"
 
+cli-windows-server: cli-deps-static-sites
+	# This is a target to build the CLI (including the server) for Windows.
+	# Use this for Windows development, if you really don't want to install GoReleaser ...
+	mkdir -p dist/ntfy_windows_server server/docs
+	CC=x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 CGO_ENABLED=1 go build \
+		-o dist/ntfy_windows_server/ntfy.exe \
+		-tags sqlite_omit_load_extension,osusergo,netgo \
+		-ldflags \
+		"-s -w -X main.version=$(VERSION) -X main.commit=$(COMMIT) -X main.date=$(shell date +%s)"
+
 cli-client: cli-deps-static-sites
 	# This is a target to build the CLI (excluding the server) manually. This should work on Linux/macOS/Windows.
 	# Use this for development, if you really don't want to install GoReleaser ...
@@ -193,14 +236,14 @@ cli-client: cli-deps-static-sites
 
 cli-deps: cli-deps-static-sites cli-deps-all cli-deps-gcc
 
-cli-deps-gcc: cli-deps-gcc-armv6-armv7 cli-deps-gcc-arm64
+cli-deps-gcc: cli-deps-gcc-armv6-armv7 cli-deps-gcc-arm64 cli-deps-gcc-windows
 
 cli-deps-static-sites:
 	mkdir -p server/docs server/site
 	touch server/docs/index.html server/site/app.html
 
 cli-deps-all:
-	go install github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser@latest
+	go install github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser/v2@latest
 
 cli-deps-gcc-armv6-armv7:
 	which arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc || { echo "ERROR: ARMv6/ARMv7 cross compiler not installed. On Ubuntu, run: apt install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi"; exit 1; }
@@ -208,11 +251,15 @@ cli-deps-gcc-armv6-armv7:
 cli-deps-gcc-arm64:
 	which aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc || { echo "ERROR: ARM64 cross compiler not installed. On Ubuntu, run: apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu"; exit 1; }
 
+cli-deps-gcc-windows:
+	which x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc || { echo "ERROR: Windows cross compiler not installed. On Ubuntu, run: apt install gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64"; exit 1; }
+
 cli-deps-update:
 	go get -u
+	go mod tidy
 	go install honnef.co/go/tools/cmd/staticcheck@latest
 	go install golang.org/x/lint/golint@latest
-	go install github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser@latest
+	go install github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser/v2@latest
 
 cli-build-results:
 	cat dist/config.yaml
@@ -226,25 +273,31 @@ cli-build-results:
 
 # Test/check targets
 
-check: test fmt-check vet lint staticcheck
+check: test web-fmt-check fmt-check vet web-lint lint staticcheck template-check go-check
 
-test: .PHONY
-	go test $(shell go list ./... | grep -vE 'ntfy/(test|examples|tools)')
+checkv: testv web-fmt-check fmt-check vet web-lint lint staticcheck template-check go-check
 
-testv: .PHONY
-	go test -v $(shell go list ./... | grep -vE 'ntfy/(test|examples|tools)')
+test: cli-test web-test
 
-race: .PHONY
-	go test -v -race $(shell go list ./... | grep -vE 'ntfy/(test|examples|tools)')
+testv: cli-testv web-test
+
+cli-test: FORCE
+	go test $(shell go list -f '{{if .TestGoFiles}}{{.ImportPath}}{{end}}' ./... | grep -vE 'ntfy/v2/(test|examples|tools)')
+
+cli-testv: FORCE
+	go test -v $(shell go list -f '{{if .TestGoFiles}}{{.ImportPath}}{{end}}' ./... | grep -vE 'ntfy/v2/(test|examples|tools)')
+
+race: FORCE
+	go test -v -race $(shell go list -f '{{if .TestGoFiles}}{{.ImportPath}}{{end}}' ./... | grep -vE 'ntfy/v2/(test|examples|tools)')
 
 coverage:
 	mkdir -p build/coverage
-	go test -v -race -coverprofile=build/coverage/coverage.txt -covermode=atomic $(shell go list ./... | grep -vE 'ntfy/(test|examples|tools)')
+	go test -v -race -coverprofile=build/coverage/coverage.txt -covermode=atomic $(shell go list -f '{{if .TestGoFiles}}{{.ImportPath}}{{end}}' ./... | grep -vE 'ntfy/v2/(test|examples|tools|web)')
 	go tool cover -func build/coverage/coverage.txt
 
 coverage-html:
 	mkdir -p build/coverage
-	go test -race -coverprofile=build/coverage/coverage.txt -covermode=atomic $(shell go list ./... | grep -vE 'ntfy/(test|examples|tools)')
+	go test -race -coverprofile=build/coverage/coverage.txt -covermode=atomic $(shell go list -f '{{if .TestGoFiles}}{{.ImportPath}}{{end}}' ./... | grep -vE 'ntfy/v2/(test|examples|tools)')
 	go tool cover -html build/coverage/coverage.txt
 
 coverage-upload:
@@ -253,7 +306,7 @@ coverage-upload:
 
 # Lint/formatting targets
 
-fmt:
+fmt: web-fmt
 	gofmt -s -w .
 
 fmt-check:
@@ -264,27 +317,87 @@ vet:
 
 lint:
 	which golint || go install golang.org/x/lint/golint@latest
-	go list ./... | grep -v /vendor/ | xargs -L1 golint -set_exit_status
+	go list ./... | grep -v /vendor/ | grep -vE 'ntfy/v2/template/gotext' | xargs -L1 golint -set_exit_status
 
-staticcheck: .PHONY
+staticcheck: FORCE
 	rm -rf build/staticcheck
 	which staticcheck || go install honnef.co/go/tools/cmd/staticcheck@latest
 	mkdir -p build/staticcheck
 	ln -s "go" build/staticcheck/go
-	PATH="$(PWD)/build/staticcheck:$(PATH)" staticcheck ./...
+	PATH="$(PWD)/build/staticcheck:$(PATH)" staticcheck $$(go list ./... | grep -vE 'ntfy/v2/template/gotext')
 	rm -rf build/staticcheck
 
 
+# Vendored template targets (see template/README.md)
+
+TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION := go$(shell cat .go-version 2>/dev/null)
+
+update-template:
+	@if [ "$$(go env GOVERSION)" != "$(TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION)" ]; then \
+		echo "ERROR: local Go $$(go env GOVERSION) != $(TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION) pinned in .go-version."; \
+		echo "Bump .go-version and install that toolchain first: go install golang.org/dl/$(TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION)@latest && $(TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION) download"; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+	src="$$(go env GOROOT)/src"; \
+	rm -f template/gotext/*.go template/gotext/fmtsort/*.go; \
+	for f in $$(go list -f '{{range .GoFiles}}{{.}} {{end}}' text/template); do cp "$$src/text/template/$$f" template/gotext/; done; \
+	for f in $$(go list -f '{{range .GoFiles}}{{.}} {{end}}' internal/fmtsort); do cp "$$src/internal/fmtsort/$$f" template/gotext/fmtsort/; done; \
+	sed -i 's/^package template$$/package gotext/' template/gotext/*.go; \
+	sed -i 's#"internal/fmtsort"#"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/template/gotext/fmtsort"#' template/gotext/*.go; \
+	( cd template/gotext && for p in patches/*.patch; do echo "Applying $$p"; git apply "$$p" || exit 1; done )
+	go env GOVERSION > template/gotext/GENERATED_FROM
+	@echo "Regenerated template/gotext/ from $(TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION) (files enumerated via 'go list'); review with 'git diff'."
+
+template-check: FORCE
+	@if [ "$$(cat template/gotext/GENERATED_FROM)" != "$(TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION)" ]; then \
+		echo "ERROR: template/gotext was generated from $$(cat template/gotext/GENERATED_FROM), but .go-version pins $(TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION). Run 'make update-template' on the pinned Go."; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+	@if [ "$$(go env GOVERSION)" != "$(TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION)" ]; then \
+		echo "SKIP: local Go $$(go env GOVERSION) != pinned $(TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION); skipping vendored template content check (version marker already verified)."; \
+		exit 0; \
+	fi
+	@tmp=$$(mktemp -d); src="$$(go env GOROOT)/src"; \
+	mkdir -p "$$tmp/gotext/fmtsort"; \
+	for f in $$(go list -f '{{range .GoFiles}}{{.}} {{end}}' text/template); do cp "$$src/text/template/$$f" "$$tmp/gotext/"; done; \
+	for f in $$(go list -f '{{range .GoFiles}}{{.}} {{end}}' internal/fmtsort); do cp "$$src/internal/fmtsort/$$f" "$$tmp/gotext/fmtsort/"; done; \
+	sed -i 's/^package template$$/package gotext/' "$$tmp/gotext/"*.go; \
+	sed -i 's#"internal/fmtsort"#"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/template/gotext/fmtsort"#' "$$tmp/gotext/"*.go; \
+	cp template/gotext/patches/*.patch "$$tmp/"; \
+	( cd "$$tmp/gotext" && for p in "$$tmp"/*.patch; do git apply "$$p" || exit 1; done ); \
+	if diff -rq -x 'README.md' -x 'GENERATED_FROM' -x 'patches' "$$tmp/gotext" template/gotext >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+		rm -rf "$$tmp"; \
+	else \
+		echo "ERROR: template/gotext/ drifted from GOROOT+patches (or its file set changed). Run 'make update-template' on Go $(TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION):"; \
+		diff -rq -x 'README.md' -x 'GENERATED_FROM' -x 'patches' "$$tmp/gotext" template/gotext; \
+		rm -rf "$$tmp"; exit 1; \
+	fi
+
+# go-check is advisory only (never fails): it warns when the pinned Go (.go-version) is behind the
+# latest upstream release, so template/gotext doesn't silently fall behind on text/template fixes.
+go-check: FORCE
+	@latest=$$(curl -s --max-time 10 'https://go.dev/VERSION?m=text' 2>/dev/null | head -1); \
+	if [ -n "$$latest" ] && [ "$$latest" != "$(TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION)" ]; then \
+		echo ""; \
+		echo "note: latest Go is $$latest, but template/gotext is pinned to $(TEMPLATE_GO_VERSION) (.go-version)."; \
+		echo "      to bump: install $$latest, set .go-version to $${latest#go}, then run 'make update-template'."; \
+	fi
+
+
 # Releasing targets
 
-release: clean update cli-deps release-checks docs web check
-	goreleaser release --rm-dist
+release: clean cli-deps release-checks docs web check
+	goreleaser release --clean
 
-release-snapshot: clean update cli-deps docs web check
-	goreleaser release --snapshot --skip-publish --rm-dist
+release-snapshot: clean cli-deps docs web check
+	goreleaser release --snapshot --clean
 
 release-checks:
 	$(eval LATEST_TAG := $(shell git describe --abbrev=0 --tags | cut -c2-))
+	if [ "$$(go env GOVERSION)" != "go$$(cat .go-version)" ]; then\
+		echo "ERROR: releases must use the pinned Go toolchain (go$$(cat .go-version) from .go-version), but this is $$(go env GOVERSION). This also ensures 'make check' enforces (not skips) the template/gotext drift check.";\
+		exit 1;\
+	fi
 	if ! grep -q $(LATEST_TAG) docs/install.md; then\
 	 	echo "ERROR: Must update docs/install.md with latest tag first.";\
 	 	exit 1;\

README.md

@@ -1,30 +1,59 @@
-![ntfy](web/public/static/img/ntfy.png)
+<div align="center" markdown="1">
+<sup>Special thanks to:</sup>
+<br>
+<br>
+<a href="https://go.warp.dev/ntfy">
+  <img alt="Warp sponsorship" width="400" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/warpdotdev/brand-assets/refs/heads/main/Github/Sponsor/Warp-Github-LG-02.png">
+</a>
+
+### [Warp, built for coding with multiple AI agents.](https://go.warp.dev/ntfy)
+[Available for MacOS, Linux, & Windows](https://go.warp.dev/ntfy)<br>
+</div>
+<hr>
+
+![ntfy](web/public/static/images/ntfy.png)
 
 # ntfy.sh | Send push notifications to your phone or desktop via PUT/POST
 [![Release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/binwiederhier/ntfy.svg?color=success&style=flat-square)](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/latest)
-[![Go Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/heckel.io/ntfy.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/heckel.io/ntfy)
+[![Go Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/heckel.io/ntfy.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/heckel.io/ntfy/v2)
 [![Tests](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/workflows/test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/actions)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy)
 [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/binwiederhier/ntfy/branch/main/graph/badge.svg?token=A597KQ463G)](https://codecov.io/gh/binwiederhier/ntfy)
 [![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/874398661709295626?label=Discord)](https://discord.gg/cT7ECsZj9w)
 [![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/matrix/ntfy:matrix.org?label=Matrix)](https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy:matrix.org)
 [![Matrix space](https://img.shields.io/matrix/ntfy-space:matrix.org?label=Matrix+space)](https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy-space:matrix.org)
-[![Reddit](https://img.shields.io/reddit/subreddit-subscribers/ntfy?color=%23317f6f&label=-%20r%2Fntfy&style=social)](https://www.reddit.com/r/ntfy/)
 [![Healthcheck](https://healthchecks.io/badge/68b65976-b3b0-4102-aec9-980921/kcoEgrLY.svg)](https://ntfy.statuspage.io/)
 [![Gitpod](https://img.shields.io/badge/Contribute%20with-Gitpod-908a85?logo=gitpod)](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy)
 
-**ntfy** (pronounced "*notify*") is a simple HTTP-based [pub-sub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publish%E2%80%93subscribe_pattern) notification service. With ntfy, you can **send notifications to your phone or desktop via scripts** from any computer, **without having to sign up or pay any fees**. If you'd like to run your own instance of the service, you can easily do so since ntfy is open source.
+**ntfy** (pronounced "*notify*") is a simple HTTP-based [pub-sub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publish%E2%80%93subscribe_pattern) 
+notification service. With ntfy, you can **send notifications to your phone or desktop via scripts** from any computer, 
+**without having to sign up or pay any fees**. If you'd like to run your own instance of the service, you can easily do 
+so since ntfy is open source.
 
-You can access the free version of ntfy at **[ntfy.sh](https://ntfy.sh)**. There is also an [open source Android app](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy-android) available on [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.heckel.ntfy) or [F-Droid](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/io.heckel.ntfy/), as well as an [open source iOS app](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy-ios) available on the [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ntfy/id1625396347).
+You can access the free version of ntfy at **[ntfy.sh](https://ntfy.sh)**. There is also an [open-source Android app](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy-android)
+available on [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.heckel.ntfy) or [F-Droid](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/io.heckel.ntfy/),
+as well as an [open source iOS app](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy-ios) available on the [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ntfy/id1625396347).
 
 <p>
-  <img src="web/public/static/img/screenshot-curl.png" height="180">
-  <img src="web/public/static/img/screenshot-web-detail.png" height="180">
-  <img src="web/public/static/img/screenshot-phone-main.jpg" height="180">
-  <img src="web/public/static/img/screenshot-phone-detail.jpg" height="180">
-  <img src="web/public/static/img/screenshot-phone-notification.jpg" height="180">
+  <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.heckel.ntfy"><img height="50" src="docs/static/img/badge-googleplay.png"></a>
+  <a href="https://f-droid.org/en/packages/io.heckel.ntfy/"><img width="170" src="docs/static/img/badge-fdroid.svg"></a>
+  <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ntfy/id1625396347"><img height="50" src="docs/static/img/badge-appstore.png"></a>
 </p>
 
+<p>
+  <img src=".github/images/screenshot-curl.png" height="180">
+  <img src=".github/images/screenshot-web-detail.png" height="180">
+  <img src=".github/images/screenshot-phone-main.jpg" height="180">
+  <img src=".github/images/screenshot-phone-detail.jpg" height="180">
+  <img src=".github/images/screenshot-phone-notification.jpg" height="180">
+</p>
+
+## [ntfy Pro](https://ntfy.sh/app) 💸 🎉
+I now offer paid plans for [ntfy.sh](https://ntfy.sh/) if you don't want to self-host, or you want to support the development of 
+ntfy (→ [Purchase via web app](https://ntfy.sh/app)). You can **buy a plan for as low as $5/month**.
+You can also donate via [GitHub Sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/binwiederhier), and [Liberapay](https://liberapay.com/ntfy).
+I would be very humbled by your sponsorship. ❤️ 
+
 ## **[Documentation](https://ntfy.sh/docs/)**
 
 [Getting started](https://ntfy.sh/docs/) |
@@ -33,35 +62,31 @@ You can access the free version of ntfy at **[ntfy.sh](https://ntfy.sh)**. There
 [Install / Self-hosting](https://ntfy.sh/docs/install/) |
 [Building](https://ntfy.sh/docs/develop/)
 
-## Chat / forum
+## Chat/forum
 There are a few ways to get in touch with me and/or the rest of the community. Feel free to use any of these methods. Whatever
 works best for you:
 
 * [Discord server](https://discord.gg/cT7ECsZj9w) - direct chat with the community
 * [Matrix room #ntfy](https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy:matrix.org) (+ [Matrix space](https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy-space:matrix.org)) - same chat, bridged from Discord
-* [Reddit r/ntfy](https://www.reddit.com/r/ntfy/) - asynchronous forum (_new as of October 2022_)
 * [GitHub issues](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/issues) - questions, features, bugs
-* [Email](https://heckel.io/about) - reach me directly (_I usually prefer the other methods_)
 
-## Announcements / beta testers
+## Announcements/beta testers
 For announcements of new releases and cutting-edge beta versions, please subscribe to the [ntfy.sh/announcements](https://ntfy.sh/announcements) 
 topic. If you'd like to test the iOS app, join [TestFlight](https://testflight.apple.com/join/P1fFnAm9). For Android betas,
 join Discord/Matrix (I'll eventually make a testing channel in Google Play).
 
-## Contributing
-I welcome any and all contributions. Just create a PR or an issue. For larger features/ideas, please reach out
-on Discord/Matrix first to see if I'd accept them. To contribute code, check out the [build instructions](https://ntfy.sh/docs/develop/) 
-for the server and the Android app. Or, if you'd like to help translate 🇩🇪 🇺🇸 🇧🇬, you can start immediately in
-[Hosted Weblate](https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/ntfy/).
-
-<a href="https://hosted.weblate.org/engage/ntfy/">
-<img src="https://hosted.weblate.org/widgets/ntfy/-/multi-blue.svg" alt="Translation status" />
-</a>
-
 ## Sponsors
-I have just very recently started accepting donations via [GitHub Sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/binwiederhier),
-and [Liberapay](https://liberapay.com/ntfy). I would be humbled if you helped me carry the server and developer 
-account costs. Even small donations are very much appreciated. A big fat **Thank You** to the folks already sponsoring ntfy:
+If you'd like to support the ntfy maintainers, please consider donating to [GitHub Sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/binwiederhier) or
+and [Liberapay](https://liberapay.com/ntfy). We would be humbled if you helped carry the server and developer 
+account costs. Even small donations are very much appreciated. 
+
+Thank you to our commercial sponsors, who help keep the service running and the development going:
+
+<a href="https://m.do.co/c/442b929528db"><img src="https://opensource.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/attribution/assets/SVG/DO_Logo_horizontal_blue.svg" width="201px"></a>
+
+<a href="https://go.warp.dev/ntfy"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/warpdotdev/brand-assets/refs/heads/main/Logos/Warp-Wordmark-Black.png" width="160px"></a>
+
+And a big fat **Thank You** to the individuals who have sponsored ntfy in the past, or are still sponsoring ntfy:
 
 <a href="https://github.com/neutralinsomniac"><img src="https://github.com/neutralinsomniac.png" width="40px" /></a>
 <a href="https://github.com/aspyct"><img src="https://github.com/aspyct.png" width="40px" /></a>
@@ -115,14 +140,108 @@ account costs. Even small donations are very much appreciated. A big fat **Thank
 <a href="https://github.com/IanKulin"><img src="https://github.com/IanKulin.png" width="40px" /></a>
 <a href="https://github.com/Joachim256"><img src="https://github.com/Joachim256.png" width="40px" /></a>
 <a href="https://github.com/overtone1000"><img src="https://github.com/overtone1000.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/oakd"><img src="https://github.com/oakd.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/KucharczykL"><img src="https://github.com/KucharczykL.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/hansbickhofe"><img src="https://github.com/hansbickhofe.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/caseodilla"><img src="https://github.com/caseodilla.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/0xAF"><img src="https://github.com/0xAF.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/soonoo"><img src="https://github.com/soonoo.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/nichu42"><img src="https://github.com/nichu42.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/samliebow"><img src="https://github.com/samliebow.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/johman10"><img src="https://github.com/johman10.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/R-Gld"><img src="https://github.com/R-Gld.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/FingerlessGlov3s"><img src="https://github.com/FingerlessGlov3s.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/Twisterado"><img src="https://github.com/Twisterado.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/ScrumpyJack"><img src="https://github.com/ScrumpyJack.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/andrejarrell"><img src="https://github.com/andrejarrell.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/oaustegard"><img src="https://github.com/oaustegard.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/CreativeWarlock"><img src="https://github.com/CreativeWarlock.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/darkdragon-001"><img src="https://github.com/darkdragon-001.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/jonathan-kosgei"><img src="https://github.com/jonathan-kosgei.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/KevinWang15"><img src="https://github.com/KevinWang15.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/darkmattercoder"><img src="https://github.com/darkmattercoder.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/bmcgonag"><img src="https://github.com/bmcgonag.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/skorokithakis"><img src="https://github.com/skorokithakis.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/eenturk"><img src="https://github.com/eenturk.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/spirossi"><img src="https://github.com/spirossi.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/teomarcdhio"><img src="https://github.com/teomarcdhio.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/MarcMichalsky"><img src="https://github.com/MarcMichalsky.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/LuckVintage"><img src="https://github.com/LuckVintage.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/spartan"><img src="https://github.com/spartan.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/alexandzors"><img src="https://github.com/alexandzors.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/dkramer95"><img src="https://github.com/dkramer95.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/YezGotIt"><img src="https://github.com/YezGotIt.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/thomasskou"><img src="https://github.com/thomasskou.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/surfernv"><img src="https://github.com/surfernv.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/richardleach"><img src="https://github.com/richardleach.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/bear"><img src="https://github.com/bear.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/cminter"><img src="https://github.com/cminter.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/bahur142"><img src="https://github.com/bahur142.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/pgwiebes"><img src="https://github.com/pgwiebes.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/ralhei"><img src="https://github.com/ralhei.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/TechMDW"><img src="https://github.com/TechMDW.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/ubipo"><img src="https://github.com/ubipo.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/tka85"><img src="https://github.com/tka85.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/beekeeb"><img src="https://github.com/beekeeb.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/Emiliaaah"><img src="https://github.com/Emiliaaah.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/zark0s"><img src="https://github.com/zark0s.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/tomershvueli"><img src="https://github.com/tomershvueli.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/CataIana"><img src="https://github.com/CataIana.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/ajay-actuary"><img src="https://github.com/ajay-actuary.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/mursec"><img src="https://github.com/mursec.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/FrameXX"><img src="https://github.com/FrameXX.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/vovayartsev"><img src="https://github.com/vovayartsev.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/dwain-lab"><img src="https://github.com/dwain-lab.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/brookmg"><img src="https://github.com/brookmg.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/siebej"><img src="https://github.com/siebej.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/rxsantos"><img src="https://github.com/rxsantos.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/hermannx5"><img src="https://github.com/hermannx5.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/rwxd"><img src="https://github.com/rwxd.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/Integral-Tech"><img src="https://github.com/Integral-Tech.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/TheTomik1"><img src="https://github.com/TheTomik1.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/dav23r"><img src="https://github.com/dav23r.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/stannynuytkens"><img src="https://github.com/stannynuytkens.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/danbartram"><img src="https://github.com/danbartram.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/arthurgleckler"><img src="https://github.com/arthurgleckler.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/tomroth04"><img src="https://github.com/tomroth04.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/Circenn5130"><img src="https://github.com/Circenn5130.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/jceloria"><img src="https://github.com/jceloria.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/afunworm"><img src="https://github.com/afunworm.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/PTR-inc"><img src="https://github.com/PTR-inc.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/spudooli"><img src="https://github.com/spudooli.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/IMarkoMC"><img src="https://github.com/IMarkoMC.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/rubund"><img src="https://github.com/rubund.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/Riolku"><img src="https://github.com/Riolku.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/arnbrhm"><img src="https://github.com/arnbrhm.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/herzkerl"><img src="https://github.com/herzkerl.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/0x45796164"><img src="https://github.com/0x45796164.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/madchr1st"><img src="https://github.com/madchr1st.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/avalentic"><img src="https://github.com/avalentic.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/TheCraiggers"><img src="https://github.com/TheCraiggers.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/sheetd"><img src="https://github.com/sheetd.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/dlt-green"><img src="https://github.com/dlt-green.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/suhlig"><img src="https://github.com/suhlig.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/Proximus888"><img src="https://github.com/Proximus888.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/wielandp"><img src="https://github.com/wielandp.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/chxseh"><img src="https://github.com/chxseh.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/user8446"><img src="https://github.com/user8446.png" width="40px" /></a>
+<a href="https://github.com/cdf-eagles"><img src="https://github.com/cdf-eagles.png" width="40px" /></a>
 
-I'd also like to thank JetBrains for providing their awesome [IntelliJ IDEA](https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/) to me for free,
-and [DigitalOcean](https://m.do.co/c/442b929528db) (*referral link*) for supporting the project:
+## Contributing
+I welcome any contributions. Just create a PR or an issue. For larger features/ideas, please reach out
+on Discord/Matrix first to see if I'd accept them. To contribute code, check out the [build instructions](https://ntfy.sh/docs/develop/)
+for the server and the Android app. Or, if you'd like to help translate 🇩🇪 🇺🇸 🇧🇬, you can start immediately in
+[Hosted Weblate](https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/ntfy/).
 
-<a href="https://m.do.co/c/442b929528db"><img src="https://opensource.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/attribution/assets/SVG/DO_Logo_horizontal_blue.svg" width="201px"></a>
+<a href="https://hosted.weblate.org/engage/ntfy/">
+<img src="https://hosted.weblate.org/widgets/ntfy/-/multi-blue.svg" alt="Translation status" />
+</a>
 
 ## Code of Conduct
-We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal appearance, race, caste, color, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
+We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our community a harassment-free experience for
+everyone, regardless of age, body size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity
+and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal appearance, race, caste,
+color, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
 
 **We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming, diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.**
 
@@ -132,7 +251,7 @@ _Please be sure to read the complete [Code of Conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)._
 Made with ❤️ by [Philipp C. Heckel](https://heckel.io).   
 The project is dual licensed under the [Apache License 2.0](LICENSE) and the [GPLv2 License](LICENSE.GPLv2).
 
-Third party libraries and resources:
+Third-party libraries and resources:
 * [github.com/urfave/cli](https://github.com/urfave/cli) (MIT) is used to drive the CLI
 * [Mixkit sounds](https://mixkit.co/free-sound-effects/notification/) (Mixkit Free License) are used as notification sounds
 * [Sounds from notificationsounds.com](https://notificationsounds.com) (Creative Commons Attribution) are used as notification sounds
@@ -147,8 +266,11 @@ Third party libraries and resources:
 * [github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3) (MIT) is used to provide the persistent message cache
 * [Firebase Admin SDK](https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-go) (Apache 2.0) is used to send FCM messages
 * [github/gemoji](https://github.com/github/gemoji) (MIT) is used for emoji support (specifically the [emoji.json](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gemoji/master/db/emoji.json) file)
+* Go's [text/template](https://pkg.go.dev/text/template) (BSD-3-Clause) is vendored under [template/gotext/](template/gotext/) with a small patch adding an execution deadline (see [template/gotext/README.md](template/gotext/README.md))
 * [Lightbox with vanilla JS](https://yossiabramov.com/blog/vanilla-js-lightbox) as a lightbox on the landing page 
 * [HTTP middleware for gzip compression](https://gist.github.com/CJEnright/bc2d8b8dc0c1389a9feeddb110f822d7) (MIT) is used for serving static files
 * [Regex for auto-linking](https://github.com/bryanwoods/autolink-js) (MIT) is used to highlight links (the library is not used)
 * [Statically linking go-sqlite3](https://www.arp242.net/static-go.html)
 * [Linked tabs in mkdocs](https://facelessuser.github.io/pymdown-extensions/extensions/tabbed/#linked-tabs)
+* [webpush-go](https://github.com/SherClockHolmes/webpush-go) (MIT) is used to send web push notifications
+* [Sprig](https://github.com/Masterminds/sprig) (MIT) is used to add template parsing functions

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Supported Versions
+
+As of today, I only support the latest version of ntfy. Please make sure you stay up-to-date.
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+Please report security vulnerabilities privately via email to [security@mail.ntfy.sh](mailto:security@mail.ntfy.sh).
+
+You can also reach me on [Discord](https://discord.gg/cT7ECsZj9w) or [Matrix](https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy:matrix.org) 
+(my username is `binwiederhier`).

action/action.go

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
-package server
+// Package action parses the "action buttons" that can be attached to a notification, in both the
+// JSON and the human-readable "simple" format described at https://ntfy.sh/docs/publish/#action-buttons.
+package action
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/model"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -20,12 +24,14 @@ const (
 	actionView      = "view"
 	actionBroadcast = "broadcast"
 	actionHTTP      = "http"
+	actionCopy      = "copy"
 )
 
 var (
-	actionsAll      = []string{actionView, actionBroadcast, actionHTTP}
-	actionsWithURL  = []string{actionView, actionHTTP}
-	actionsKeyRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^([-.\w]+)\s*=\s*`)
+	actionsAll       = []string{actionView, actionBroadcast, actionHTTP, actionCopy}
+	actionsWithURL   = []string{actionView, actionHTTP} // Must be distinct from actionsWithValue, see populateAction()
+	actionsWithValue = []string{actionCopy}             // Must be distinct from actionsWithURL, see populateAction()
+	actionsKeyRegex  = regexp.MustCompile(`^([-.\w]+)\s*=\s*`)
 )
 
 type actionParser struct {
@@ -33,10 +39,10 @@ type actionParser struct {
 	pos   int
 }
 
-// parseActions parses the actions string as described in https://ntfy.sh/docs/publish/#action-buttons.
+// Parse parses the actions string as described in https://ntfy.sh/docs/publish/#action-buttons.
 // It supports both a JSON representation (if the string begins with "[", see parseActionsFromJSON),
 // and the "simple" format, which is more human-readable, but harder to parse (see parseActionsFromSimple).
-func parseActions(s string) (actions []*action, err error) {
+func Parse(s string) (actions []*model.Action, err error) {
 	// Parse JSON or simple format
 	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
 	if strings.HasPrefix(s, "[") {
@@ -61,11 +67,13 @@ func parseActions(s string) (actions []*action, err error) {
 	}
 	for _, action := range actions {
 		if !util.Contains(actionsAll, action.Action) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parameter 'action' cannot be '%s', valid values are 'view', 'broadcast' and 'http'", action.Action)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parameter 'action' cannot be '%s', valid values are 'view', 'broadcast', 'http' and 'copy'", action.Action)
 		} else if action.Label == "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parameter 'label' is required")
 		} else if util.Contains(actionsWithURL, action.Action) && action.URL == "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parameter 'url' is required for action '%s'", action.Action)
+		} else if util.Contains(actionsWithValue, action.Action) && action.Value == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parameter 'value' is required for action '%s'", action.Action)
 		} else if action.Action == actionHTTP && util.Contains([]string{"GET", "HEAD"}, action.Method) && action.Body != "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parameter 'body' cannot be set if method is %s", action.Method)
 		}
@@ -75,8 +83,8 @@ func parseActions(s string) (actions []*action, err error) {
 }
 
 // parseActionsFromJSON converts a JSON array into an array of actions
-func parseActionsFromJSON(s string) ([]*action, error) {
-	actions := make([]*action, 0)
+func parseActionsFromJSON(s string) ([]*model.Action, error) {
+	actions := make([]*model.Action, 0)
 	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), &actions); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("JSON error: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -102,7 +110,7 @@ func parseActionsFromJSON(s string) ([]*action, error) {
 //	https://github.com/adampresley/sample-ini-parser/blob/master/services/lexer/lexer/Lexer.go
 //	https://github.com/benbjohnson/sql-parser/blob/master/scanner.go
 //	https://blog.gopheracademy.com/advent-2014/parsers-lexers/
-func parseActionsFromSimple(s string) ([]*action, error) {
+func parseActionsFromSimple(s string) ([]*model.Action, error) {
 	if !utf8.ValidString(s) {
 		return nil, errors.New("invalid utf-8 string")
 	}
@@ -114,8 +122,8 @@ func parseActionsFromSimple(s string) ([]*action, error) {
 }
 
 // Parse loops trough parseAction() until the end of the string is reached
-func (p *actionParser) Parse() ([]*action, error) {
-	actions := make([]*action, 0)
+func (p *actionParser) Parse() ([]*model.Action, error) {
+	actions := make([]*model.Action, 0)
 	for !p.eof() {
 		a, err := p.parseAction()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -129,8 +137,8 @@ func (p *actionParser) Parse() ([]*action, error) {
 // parseAction parses the individual sections of an action using parseSection into key/value pairs,
 // and then uses populateAction to interpret the keys/values. The function terminates
 // when EOF or ";" is reached.
-func (p *actionParser) parseAction() (*action, error) {
-	a := newAction()
+func (p *actionParser) parseAction() (*model.Action, error) {
+	a := model.NewAction()
 	section := 0
 	for {
 		key, value, last, err := p.parseSection()
@@ -150,7 +158,7 @@ func (p *actionParser) parseAction() (*action, error) {
 
 // populateAction is the "business logic" of the parser. It applies the key/value
 // pair to the action instance.
-func populateAction(newAction *action, section int, key, value string) error {
+func populateAction(newAction *model.Action, section int, key, value string) error {
 	// Auto-expand keys based on their index
 	if key == "" && section == 0 {
 		key = "action"
@@ -158,6 +166,8 @@ func populateAction(newAction *action, section int, key, value string) error {
 		key = "label"
 	} else if key == "" && section == 2 && util.Contains(actionsWithURL, newAction.Action) {
 		key = "url"
+	} else if key == "" && section == 2 && util.Contains(actionsWithValue, newAction.Action) {
+		key = "value"
 	}
 
 	// Validate
@@ -188,6 +198,8 @@ func populateAction(newAction *action, section int, key, value string) error {
 			newAction.Method = value
 		case "body":
 			newAction.Body = value
+		case "value":
+			newAction.Value = value
 		case "intent":
 			newAction.Intent = value
 		default:

action/action_test.go

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-package server
+package action
 
 import (
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
-	actions, err := parseActions("[]")
+	actions, err := Parse("[]")
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Empty(t, actions)
 
 	// Basic test
-	actions, err = parseActions("action=http, label=Open door, url=https://door.lan/open; view, Show portal, https://door.lan")
+	actions, err = Parse("action=http, label=Open door, url=https://door.lan/open; view, Show portal, https://door.lan")
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 2, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "http", actions[0].Action)
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "https://door.lan", actions[1].URL)
 
 	// JSON
-	actions, err = parseActions(`[{"action":"http","label":"Open door","url":"https://door.lan/open"}, {"action":"view","label":"Show portal","url":"https://door.lan"}]`)
+	actions, err = Parse(`[{"action":"http","label":"Open door","url":"https://door.lan/open"}, {"action":"view","label":"Show portal","url":"https://door.lan"}]`)
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 2, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "http", actions[0].Action)
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "https://door.lan", actions[1].URL)
 
 	// Other params
-	actions, err = parseActions("action=http, label=Open door, url=https://door.lan/open, body=this is a body, method=PUT")
+	actions, err = Parse("action=http, label=Open door, url=https://door.lan/open, body=this is a body, method=PUT")
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "http", actions[0].Action)
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "this is a body", actions[0].Body)
 
 	// Extras with underscores
-	actions, err = parseActions("action=broadcast, label=Do a thing, extras.command=some command, extras.some_param=a parameter")
+	actions, err = Parse("action=broadcast, label=Do a thing, extras.command=some command, extras.some_param=a parameter")
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "broadcast", actions[0].Action)
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "a parameter", actions[0].Extras["some_param"])
 
 	// Broadcast action with intent
-	actions, err = parseActions("action=broadcast, label=Do a thing, intent=io.heckel.ntfy.TEST_INTENT")
+	actions, err = Parse("action=broadcast, label=Do a thing, intent=io.heckel.ntfy.TEST_INTENT")
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "broadcast", actions[0].Action)
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "io.heckel.ntfy.TEST_INTENT", actions[0].Intent)
 
 	// Headers with dashes
-	actions, err = parseActions("action=http, label=Send request, url=http://example.com, method=GET, headers.Content-Type=application/json, headers.Authorization=Basic sdasffsf")
+	actions, err = Parse("action=http, label=Send request, url=http://example.com, method=GET, headers.Content-Type=application/json, headers.Authorization=Basic sdasffsf")
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "http", actions[0].Action)
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "Basic sdasffsf", actions[0].Headers["Authorization"])
 
 	// Quotes
-	actions, err = parseActions(`action=http, "Look ma, \"quotes\"; and semicolons", url=http://example.com`)
+	actions, err = Parse(`action=http, "Look ma, \"quotes\"; and semicolons", url=http://example.com`)
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "http", actions[0].Action)
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, `http://example.com`, actions[0].URL)
 
 	// Single quotes
-	actions, err = parseActions(`action=http, '"quotes" and \'single quotes\'', url=http://example.com`)
+	actions, err = Parse(`action=http, '"quotes" and \'single quotes\'', url=http://example.com`)
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "http", actions[0].Action)
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, `http://example.com`, actions[0].URL)
 
 	// Single quotes (JSON)
-	actions, err = parseActions(`action=http, Post it, url=http://example.com, body='{"temperature": 65}'`)
+	actions, err = Parse(`action=http, Post it, url=http://example.com, body='{"temperature": 65}'`)
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "http", actions[0].Action)
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, `{"temperature": 65}`, actions[0].Body)
 
 	// Out of order
-	actions, err = parseActions(`label="Out of order!" , action="http", url=http://example.com`)
+	actions, err = Parse(`label="Out of order!" , action="http", url=http://example.com`)
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "http", actions[0].Action)
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, `http://example.com`, actions[0].URL)
 
 	// Spaces
-	actions, err = parseActions(`action = http, label = 'this is a label', url = "http://google.com"`)
+	actions, err = Parse(`action = http, label = 'this is a label', url = "http://google.com"`)
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "http", actions[0].Action)
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, `http://google.com`, actions[0].URL)
 
 	// Non-ASCII
-	actions, err = parseActions(`action = http, 'Кохайтеся а не воюйте, 💙🫤', url = "http://google.com"`)
+	actions, err = Parse(`action = http, 'Кохайтеся а не воюйте, 💙🫤', url = "http://google.com"`)
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "http", actions[0].Action)
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, `http://google.com`, actions[0].URL)
 
 	// Multiple actions, awkward spacing
-	actions, err = parseActions(`http , 'Make love, not war 💙🫤' , https://ntfy.sh ; view, " yo ", https://x.org, clear=true`)
+	actions, err = Parse(`http , 'Make love, not war 💙🫤' , https://ntfy.sh ; view, " yo ", https://x.org, clear=true`)
 	require.Nil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, 2, len(actions))
 	require.Equal(t, "http", actions[0].Action)
@@ -132,53 +133,91 @@ func TestParseActions(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, `https://x.org`, actions[1].URL)
 	require.Equal(t, true, actions[1].Clear)
 
+	// Copy action (simple format)
+	actions, err = Parse("copy, Copy code, 1234")
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
+	require.Equal(t, "copy", actions[0].Action)
+	require.Equal(t, "Copy code", actions[0].Label)
+	require.Equal(t, "1234", actions[0].Value)
+
+	// Copy action (JSON)
+	actions, err = Parse(`[{"action":"copy","label":"Copy OTP","value":"567890"}]`)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
+	require.Equal(t, "copy", actions[0].Action)
+	require.Equal(t, "Copy OTP", actions[0].Label)
+	require.Equal(t, "567890", actions[0].Value)
+
+	// Copy action with clear
+	actions, err = Parse("copy, Copy code, 1234, clear=true")
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
+	require.Equal(t, "copy", actions[0].Action)
+	require.Equal(t, "Copy code", actions[0].Label)
+	require.Equal(t, "1234", actions[0].Value)
+	require.Equal(t, true, actions[0].Clear)
+
+	// Copy action with explicit value key
+	actions, err = Parse("action=copy, label=Copy token, clear=true, value=abc-123-def")
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(actions))
+	require.Equal(t, "copy", actions[0].Action)
+	require.Equal(t, "Copy token", actions[0].Label)
+	require.Equal(t, "abc-123-def", actions[0].Value)
+	require.True(t, actions[0].Clear)
+
+	// Copy action without value (error)
+	_, err = Parse("copy, Copy code")
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "parameter 'value' is required for action 'copy'")
+
 	// Invalid syntax
-	_, err = parseActions(`label="Out of order!" x, action="http", url=http://example.com`)
+	_, err = Parse(`label="Out of order!" x, action="http", url=http://example.com`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "unexpected character 'x' at position 22")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`label="", action="http", url=http://example.com`)
+	_, err = Parse(`label="", action="http", url=http://example.com`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "parameter 'label' is required")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`label=, action="http", url=http://example.com`)
+	_, err = Parse(`label=, action="http", url=http://example.com`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "parameter 'label' is required")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`label="xx", action="http", url=http://example.com, what is this anyway`)
+	_, err = Parse(`label="xx", action="http", url=http://example.com, what is this anyway`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "term 'what is this anyway' unknown")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`fdsfdsf`)
-	require.EqualError(t, err, "parameter 'action' cannot be 'fdsfdsf', valid values are 'view', 'broadcast' and 'http'")
+	_, err = Parse(`fdsfdsf`)
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "parameter 'action' cannot be 'fdsfdsf', valid values are 'view', 'broadcast', 'http' and 'copy'")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`aaa=a, "bbb, 'ccc, ddd, eee "`)
+	_, err = Parse(`aaa=a, "bbb, 'ccc, ddd, eee "`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "key 'aaa' unknown")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`action=http, label="omg the end quote is missing`)
+	_, err = Parse(`action=http, label="omg the end quote is missing`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "unexpected end of input, quote started at position 20")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`;;;;`)
+	_, err = Parse(`;;;;`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "only 3 actions allowed")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`,,,,,,;;`)
+	_, err = Parse(`,,,,,,;;`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "term '' unknown")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`''";,;"`)
+	_, err = Parse(`''";,;"`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "unexpected character '\"' at position 2")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`action=http, label=a label, body=somebody`)
+	_, err = Parse(`action=http, label=a label, body=somebody`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "parameter 'url' is required for action 'http'")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`action=http, label=a label, url=http://ntfy.sh, method=HEAD, body=somebody`)
+	_, err = Parse(`action=http, label=a label, url=http://ntfy.sh, method=HEAD, body=somebody`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "parameter 'body' cannot be set if method is HEAD")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`[ invalid json ]`)
+	_, err = Parse(`[ invalid json ]`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "JSON error: invalid character 'i' looking for beginning of value")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`[ { "some": "object" } ]`)
-	require.EqualError(t, err, "parameter 'action' cannot be '', valid values are 'view', 'broadcast' and 'http'")
+	_, err = Parse(`[ { "some": "object" } ]`)
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "parameter 'action' cannot be '', valid values are 'view', 'broadcast', 'http' and 'copy'")
 
-	_, err = parseActions("\x00\x01\xFFx\xFE")
+	_, err = Parse("\x00\x01\xFFx\xFE")
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "invalid utf-8 string")
 
-	_, err = parseActions(`http, label, http://x.org, clear=x`)
+	_, err = Parse(`http, label, http://x.org, clear=x`)
 	require.EqualError(t, err, "parameter 'clear' cannot be 'x', only boolean values are allowed (true/yes/1/false/no/0)")
 
 }

attachment/backend.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package attachment
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// backendObject represents an object stored in a backend.
+type object struct {
+	ID           string
+	Size         int64
+	LastModified time.Time
+}
+
+// backend is a minimal I/O interface for storing and retrieving attachment files.
+// It has no knowledge of size tracking, limiting, or ID validation.
+type backend interface {
+	Put(id string, reader io.Reader, untrustedLength int64) error
+	Get(id string) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error)
+	List() ([]object, error)
+	Delete(ids ...string) error
+	DeleteIncomplete(cutoff time.Time) error
+}

attachment/backend_file.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package attachment
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type fileBackend struct {
+	dir string
+}
+
+var _ backend = (*fileBackend)(nil)
+
+func newFileBackend(dir string) (*fileBackend, error) {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0700); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &fileBackend{dir: dir}, nil
+}
+
+func (b *fileBackend) Put(id string, reader io.Reader, untrustedLength int64) error {
+	if untrustedLength > 0 {
+		reader = io.LimitReader(reader, untrustedLength)
+	}
+	file := filepath.Join(b.dir, id)
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(file, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	n, err := io.Copy(f, reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		os.Remove(file)
+		return err
+	} else if untrustedLength > 0 && n != untrustedLength {
+		os.Remove(file)
+		return fmt.Errorf("content length mismatch: claimed %d, got %d", untrustedLength, n)
+	}
+	if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
+		os.Remove(file)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *fileBackend) List() ([]object, error) {
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(b.dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	objects := make([]object, 0, len(entries))
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		info, err := e.Info()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		objects = append(objects, object{
+			ID:           e.Name(),
+			Size:         info.Size(),
+			LastModified: info.ModTime(),
+		})
+	}
+	return objects, nil
+}
+
+func (b *fileBackend) Get(id string) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
+	file := filepath.Join(b.dir, id)
+	stat, err := os.Stat(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	f, err := os.Open(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return f, stat.Size(), nil
+}
+
+func (b *fileBackend) Delete(ids ...string) error {
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		file := filepath.Join(b.dir, id)
+		if err := os.Remove(file); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *fileBackend) DeleteIncomplete(_ time.Time) error {
+	return nil
+}

attachment/backend_s3.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package attachment
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"time"
+
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/s3"
+)
+
+type s3Backend struct {
+	client *s3.Client
+}
+
+var _ backend = (*s3Backend)(nil)
+
+func newS3Backend(client *s3.Client) *s3Backend {
+	return &s3Backend{client: client}
+}
+
+func (b *s3Backend) Put(id string, reader io.Reader, untrustedLength int64) error {
+	return b.client.PutObject(context.Background(), id, reader, untrustedLength)
+}
+
+func (b *s3Backend) Get(id string) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
+	return b.client.GetObject(context.Background(), id)
+}
+
+func (b *s3Backend) List() ([]object, error) {
+	objects, err := b.client.ListObjectsV2(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	result := make([]object, 0, len(objects))
+	for _, obj := range objects {
+		result = append(result, object{
+			ID:           obj.Key,
+			Size:         obj.Size,
+			LastModified: obj.LastModified,
+		})
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (b *s3Backend) Delete(ids ...string) error {
+	return b.client.DeleteObjects(context.Background(), ids)
+}
+
+func (b *s3Backend) DeleteIncomplete(cutoff time.Time) error {
+	return b.client.AbortIncompleteUploads(context.Background(), cutoff)
+}

attachment/store.go

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+package attachment
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/model"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/s3"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
+)
+
+const (
+	tagStore     = "attachment_store"
+	syncInterval = 15 * time.Minute // How often to run the background sync loop
+)
+
+var errInvalidFileID = errors.New("invalid file ID")
+
+// Store manages attachment storage with shared logic for size tracking, limiting,
+// ID validation, and background sync to reconcile storage with the database.
+type Store struct {
+	backend              backend
+	limit                int64                            // Defined limit of the store in bytes
+	size                 int64                            // Current size of the store in bytes
+	sizes                map[string]int64                 // File ID -> size, for subtracting on Remove
+	attachmentsWithSizes func() (map[string]int64, error) // Returns file ID -> size for active attachments
+	orphanGracePeriod    time.Duration                    // Don't delete orphaned objects younger than this
+	closeChan            chan struct{}
+	doneChan             chan struct{}
+	mu                   sync.RWMutex // Protects size and sizes
+}
+
+// NewFileStore creates a new file-system backed attachment cache
+func NewFileStore(dir string, totalSizeLimit int64, orphanGracePeriod time.Duration, attachmentsWithSizes func() (map[string]int64, error)) (*Store, error) {
+	b, err := newFileBackend(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return newStore(b, totalSizeLimit, orphanGracePeriod, attachmentsWithSizes)
+}
+
+// NewS3Store creates a new S3-backed attachment cache. The s3URL must be in the format:
+//
+//	s3://ACCESS_KEY:SECRET_KEY@BUCKET[/PREFIX]?region=REGION[&endpoint=ENDPOINT][&disable_http2=true]
+func NewS3Store(s3URL string, totalSizeLimit int64, orphanGracePeriod time.Duration, attachmentsWithSizes func() (map[string]int64, error)) (*Store, error) {
+	config, err := s3.ParseURL(s3URL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return newStore(newS3Backend(s3.New(config)), totalSizeLimit, orphanGracePeriod, attachmentsWithSizes)
+}
+
+func newStore(backend backend, totalSizeLimit int64, orphanGracePeriod time.Duration, attachmentsWithSizes func() (map[string]int64, error)) (*Store, error) {
+	c := &Store{
+		backend:              backend,
+		limit:                totalSizeLimit,
+		sizes:                make(map[string]int64),
+		attachmentsWithSizes: attachmentsWithSizes,
+		orphanGracePeriod:    orphanGracePeriod,
+		closeChan:            make(chan struct{}),
+		doneChan:             make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	// Hydrate sizes from the database immediately so that Size()/Remaining()/Remove()
+	// are accurate from the start, without waiting for the first sync() call.
+	if attachmentsWithSizes != nil {
+		attachments, err := attachmentsWithSizes()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("attachment store: failed to load existing attachments: %w", err)
+		}
+		for id, size := range attachments {
+			c.sizes[id] = size
+			c.size += size
+		}
+		go c.syncLoop()
+	} else {
+		close(c.doneChan)
+	}
+	return c, nil
+}
+
+// Write stores an attachment file. The id is validated, and the write is subject to
+// the total size limit and any additional limiters. The untrustedLength is a hint
+// from the client's Content-Length header; backends may use it to optimize uploads (e.g.
+// streaming directly to S3 without buffering).
+func (c *Store) Write(id string, reader io.Reader, untrustedLength int64, limiters ...util.Limiter) (int64, error) {
+	if !model.ValidMessageID(id) {
+		return 0, errInvalidFileID
+	}
+	log.Tag(tagStore).Field("message_id", id).Debug("Writing attachment")
+	limiters = append(limiters, util.NewFixedLimiter(c.Remaining()))
+	countingReader := util.NewCountingReader(reader)
+	limitReader := util.NewLimitReader(countingReader, limiters...)
+	if err := c.backend.Put(id, limitReader, untrustedLength); err != nil {
+		c.backend.Delete(id) //nolint:errcheck
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	size := countingReader.Total()
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.size += size
+	c.sizes[id] = size
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+	return size, nil
+}
+
+// Read retrieves an attachment file by ID
+func (c *Store) Read(id string) (io.ReadCloser, int64, error) {
+	if !model.ValidMessageID(id) {
+		return nil, 0, errInvalidFileID
+	}
+	return c.backend.Get(id)
+}
+
+// Remove deletes attachment files by ID and subtracts their known sizes from
+// the total. Sizes for objects not tracked (e.g. written before this process
+// started and before the first sync) are corrected by the next sync() call.
+func (c *Store) Remove(ids ...string) error {
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		if !model.ValidMessageID(id) {
+			return errInvalidFileID
+		}
+	}
+	// Remove from backend
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		log.Tag(tagStore).Field("message_id", id).Debug("Removing attachment")
+	}
+	if err := c.backend.Delete(ids...); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Update total cache size
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		if size, ok := c.sizes[id]; ok {
+			c.size -= size
+			delete(c.sizes, id)
+		}
+	}
+	if c.size < 0 {
+		c.size = 0
+	}
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Sync triggers an immediate reconciliation of storage with the database.
+func (c *Store) Sync() error {
+	return c.sync()
+}
+
+// sync reconciles the backend storage with the database. It lists all objects,
+// deletes orphans (not in the valid ID set and older than the grace period), and
+// recomputes the total size from the existing attachments in the database.
+func (c *Store) sync() error {
+	if c.attachmentsWithSizes == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	attachmentsWithSizes, err := c.attachmentsWithSizes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("attachment sync: failed to get existing attachments: %w", err)
+	}
+	remoteObjects, err := c.backend.List()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("attachment sync: failed to list objects: %w", err)
+	}
+	// Calculate total cache size and collect orphaned attachments, excluding objects younger
+	// than the grace period to account for races, and skipping objects with invalid IDs.
+	cutoff := time.Now().Add(-c.orphanGracePeriod)
+	var orphanIDs []string
+	var count, totalSize int64
+	sizes := make(map[string]int64, len(remoteObjects))
+	for _, obj := range remoteObjects {
+		if !model.ValidMessageID(obj.ID) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := attachmentsWithSizes[obj.ID]; !ok && obj.LastModified.Before(cutoff) {
+			orphanIDs = append(orphanIDs, obj.ID)
+		} else {
+			count++
+			totalSize += attachmentsWithSizes[obj.ID]
+			sizes[obj.ID] = attachmentsWithSizes[obj.ID]
+		}
+	}
+	log.Tag(tagStore).Debug("Attachment store updated: %d attachment(s), %s", count, util.FormatSizeHuman(totalSize))
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.size = totalSize
+	c.sizes = sizes
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+	// Delete orphaned attachments
+	if len(orphanIDs) > 0 {
+		log.Tag(tagStore).Debug("Deleting %d orphaned attachment(s)", len(orphanIDs))
+		if err := c.backend.Delete(orphanIDs...); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("attachment sync: failed to delete orphaned objects: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	// Clean up incomplete uploads (S3 only)
+	if err := c.backend.DeleteIncomplete(cutoff); err != nil {
+		log.Tag(tagStore).Err(err).Warn("Failed to abort incomplete uploads from attachment cache")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Size returns the current total size of all attachments
+func (c *Store) Size() int64 {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	return c.size
+}
+
+// Remaining returns the remaining capacity for attachments
+func (c *Store) Remaining() int64 {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	remaining := c.limit - c.size
+	if remaining < 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return remaining
+}
+
+// Close stops the background sync goroutine and waits for it to finish
+func (c *Store) Close() {
+	close(c.closeChan)
+	<-c.doneChan
+}
+
+func (c *Store) syncLoop() {
+	defer close(c.doneChan)
+	if err := c.sync(); err != nil {
+		log.Tag(tagStore).Err(err).Warn("Attachment sync failed")
+	}
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(syncInterval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			if err := c.sync(); err != nil {
+				log.Tag(tagStore).Err(err).Warn("Attachment sync failed")
+			}
+		case <-c.closeChan:
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}

attachment/store_file_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package attachment
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func newTestFileStore(t *testing.T, totalSizeLimit int64) (dir string, cache *Store) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir = t.TempDir()
+	cache, err := NewFileStore(dir, totalSizeLimit, time.Hour, nil)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { cache.Close() })
+	return dir, cache
+}

attachment/store_s3_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package attachment
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/s3"
+)
+
+func TestS3Store_WriteWithPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	s3URL := os.Getenv("NTFY_TEST_S3_URL")
+	if s3URL == "" {
+		t.Skip("NTFY_TEST_S3_URL not set")
+	}
+	cfg, err := s3.ParseURL(s3URL)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	cfg.Prefix = "test-prefix"
+	client := s3.New(cfg)
+	deleteAllObjects(t, client)
+	backend := newS3Backend(client)
+	cache, err := newStore(backend, 10*1024, time.Hour, nil)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		deleteAllObjects(t, client)
+		cache.Close()
+	})
+
+	size, err := cache.Write("abcdefghijkl", strings.NewReader("test"), 0)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(4), size)
+
+	reader, _, err := cache.Read("abcdefghijkl")
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+	reader.Close()
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "test", string(data))
+}
+
+// --- Helpers ---
+
+func newTestRealS3Store(t *testing.T, totalSizeLimit int64) (*Store, *modTimeOverrideBackend) {
+	t.Helper()
+	s3URL := os.Getenv("NTFY_TEST_S3_URL")
+	if s3URL == "" {
+		t.Skip("NTFY_TEST_S3_URL not set")
+	}
+	cfg, err := s3.ParseURL(s3URL)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	if cfg.Prefix != "" {
+		cfg.Prefix = cfg.Prefix + "/testpkg-attachment"
+	} else {
+		cfg.Prefix = "testpkg-attachment"
+	}
+	client := s3.New(cfg)
+	inner := newS3Backend(client)
+	wrapper := &modTimeOverrideBackend{backend: inner, modTimes: make(map[string]time.Time)}
+	deleteAllObjects(t, client)
+	store, err := newStore(wrapper, totalSizeLimit, time.Hour, nil)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		deleteAllObjects(t, client)
+		store.Close()
+	})
+	return store, wrapper
+}
+
+func deleteAllObjects(t *testing.T, client *s3.Client) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+		objects, err := client.ListObjectsV2(context.Background())
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		if len(objects) == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		keys := make([]string, len(objects))
+		for j, obj := range objects {
+			keys[j] = obj.Key
+		}
+		require.Nil(t, client.DeleteObjects(context.Background(), keys))
+		time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Fatal("timed out waiting for bucket to be empty")
+}
+
+// modTimeOverrideBackend wraps a backend and allows overriding LastModified times returned by List().
+// This is used in tests to simulate old objects on backends (like real S3) where
+// LastModified cannot be set directly.
+type modTimeOverrideBackend struct {
+	backend
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	modTimes map[string]time.Time // object ID -> override time
+}
+
+func (b *modTimeOverrideBackend) List() ([]object, error) {
+	objects, err := b.backend.List()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	for i, obj := range objects {
+		if t, ok := b.modTimes[obj.ID]; ok {
+			objects[i].LastModified = t
+		}
+	}
+	return objects, nil
+}
+
+func (b *modTimeOverrideBackend) setModTime(id string, t time.Time) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	b.modTimes[id] = t
+	b.mu.Unlock()
+}

attachment/store_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+package attachment
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
+)
+
+const testSizeLimit = 10 * 1024
+
+func TestStore_WriteReadRemove(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		// Write
+		size, err := s.Write("abcdefghijkl", strings.NewReader("hello world"), 0)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(11), size)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(11), s.Size())
+
+		// Read back
+		reader, readSize, err := s.Read("abcdefghijkl")
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(11), readSize)
+		data, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+		reader.Close()
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, "hello world", string(data))
+
+		// Remove
+		require.Nil(t, s.Remove("abcdefghijkl"))
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0), s.Size())
+
+		// Read after remove should fail
+		_, _, err = s.Read("abcdefghijkl")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_WriteRemoveMultiple(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+			_, err := s.Write(fmt.Sprintf("abcdefghijk%d", i), bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 100)), 0)
+			require.Nil(t, err)
+		}
+		require.Equal(t, int64(500), s.Size())
+
+		require.Nil(t, s.Remove("abcdefghijk1", "abcdefghijk3"))
+		require.Equal(t, int64(300), s.Size())
+
+		// Removed files should not be readable
+		_, _, err := s.Read("abcdefghijk1")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		_, _, err = s.Read("abcdefghijk3")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+
+		// Remaining files should still be readable
+		for _, id := range []string{"abcdefghijk0", "abcdefghijk2", "abcdefghijk4"} {
+			reader, _, err := s.Read(id)
+			require.Nil(t, err)
+			reader.Close()
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_WriteTotalSizeLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, 100, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		// First write fits
+		_, err := s.Write("abcdefghijk0", bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 80)), 0)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(80), s.Size())
+		require.Equal(t, int64(20), s.Remaining())
+
+		// Second write exceeds total limit
+		_, err = s.Write("abcdefghijk1", bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 50)), 0)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, util.ErrLimitReached)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_WriteAdditionalLimiter(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		_, err := s.Write("abcdefghijkl", bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 200)), 0, util.NewFixedLimiter(100))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, util.ErrLimitReached)
+
+		// File should not be readable (was cleaned up)
+		_, _, err = s.Read("abcdefghijkl")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_WriteWithLimiter(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		size, err := s.Write("abcdefghijkl", strings.NewReader("normal file"), 0, util.NewFixedLimiter(999))
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(11), size)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(11), s.Size())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_WriteOverwriteSameID(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		// Write 100 bytes
+		_, err := s.Write("abcdefghijkl", bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 100)), 0)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(100), s.Size())
+
+		// Overwrite with 50 bytes
+		_, err = s.Write("abcdefghijkl", bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 50)), 0)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(150), s.Size()) // Store tracks both writes
+
+		// Read back should return the latest content
+		reader, readSize, err := s.Read("abcdefghijkl")
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(50), readSize)
+		reader.Close()
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_WriteAfterFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		// Failed write: limiter rejects it
+		_, err := s.Write("abcdefghijkl", bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 200)), 0, util.NewFixedLimiter(100))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, util.ErrLimitReached)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0), s.Size())
+
+		// Subsequent write with a different ID should succeed
+		size, err := s.Write("abcdefghijk2", strings.NewReader("hello"), 0)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(5), size)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(5), s.Size())
+
+		// The failed ID should not be readable
+		_, _, err = s.Read("abcdefghijkl")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+
+		// The successful ID should be readable
+		reader, _, err := s.Read("abcdefghijk2")
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		reader.Close()
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_SyncRecomputesSize(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, makeOld func(string)) {
+		// Write two files
+		_, err := s.Write("abcdefghijk0", bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 100)), 0)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		_, err = s.Write("abcdefghijk1", bytes.NewReader(make([]byte, 200)), 0)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(300), s.Size())
+
+		// Corrupt the in-memory size tracking
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		s.size = 999
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		require.Equal(t, int64(999), s.Size())
+
+		// Set attachmentsWithSizes to include both files so nothing gets deleted
+		s.attachmentsWithSizes = func() (map[string]int64, error) {
+			return map[string]int64{"abcdefghijk0": 100, "abcdefghijk1": 200}, nil
+		}
+
+		// Sync should recompute size from the backend
+		require.Nil(t, s.sync())
+		require.Equal(t, int64(300), s.Size())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_ReadNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		_, _, err := s.Read("abcdefghijkl")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_InvalidID(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		_, err := s.Write("bad", strings.NewReader("x"), 0)
+		require.Equal(t, errInvalidFileID, err)
+
+		_, _, err = s.Read("bad")
+		require.Equal(t, errInvalidFileID, err)
+
+		err = s.Remove("bad")
+		require.Equal(t, errInvalidFileID, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_WriteLargeObjects(t *testing.T) {
+	sizes := map[string]int64{
+		"100B": 100,
+		"6MB":  6 * 1024 * 1024,
+		"12MB": 12 * 1024 * 1024,
+	}
+	for name, sz := range sizes {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			forEachBackend(t, sz+1024, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+				data := make([]byte, sz)
+				for i := range data {
+					data[i] = byte(i % 251)
+				}
+
+				size, err := s.Write("abcdefghijkl", bytes.NewReader(data), 0)
+				require.Nil(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, sz, size)
+				require.Equal(t, sz, s.Size())
+
+				reader, readSize, err := s.Read("abcdefghijkl")
+				require.Nil(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, sz, readSize)
+				got, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+				reader.Close()
+				require.Nil(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, data, got)
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStore_WriteUntrustedLengthExact(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		size, err := s.Write("abcdefghijkl", strings.NewReader("hello world"), 11)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(11), size)
+
+		reader, _, err := s.Read("abcdefghijkl")
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		data, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+		reader.Close()
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, "hello world", string(data))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_WriteUntrustedLengthBodyLonger(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		// Body has 11 bytes, but we claim 5 — only first 5 bytes should be stored
+		size, err := s.Write("abcdefghijkl", strings.NewReader("hello world"), 5)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(5), size)
+
+		reader, _, err := s.Read("abcdefghijkl")
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		data, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+		reader.Close()
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, "hello", string(data))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_WriteUntrustedLengthBodyShorter(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		// Body has 5 bytes, but we claim 100 — should fail
+		_, err := s.Write("abcdefghijkl", strings.NewReader("hello"), 100)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+
+		// File should not be readable (was cleaned up)
+		_, _, err = s.Read("abcdefghijkl")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_Sync(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, makeOld func(string)) {
+		// Write some files
+		_, err := s.Write("abcdefghijk0", strings.NewReader("file0"), 0)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		_, err = s.Write("abcdefghijk1", strings.NewReader("file1"), 0)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		_, err = s.Write("abcdefghijk2", strings.NewReader("file2"), 0)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+
+		require.Equal(t, int64(15), s.Size())
+
+		// Set the ID provider to only know about file 0 and 2
+		s.attachmentsWithSizes = func() (map[string]int64, error) {
+			return map[string]int64{"abcdefghijk0": 5, "abcdefghijk2": 5}, nil
+		}
+
+		// Make file 1 old enough to be cleaned up
+		makeOld("abcdefghijk1")
+
+		// Run sync
+		require.Nil(t, s.sync())
+
+		// File 1 should be deleted (orphan, old enough)
+		_, _, err = s.Read("abcdefghijk1")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+
+		// Files 0 and 2 should still be readable
+		r, _, err := s.Read("abcdefghijk0")
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		r.Close()
+		r, _, err = s.Read("abcdefghijk2")
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		r.Close()
+
+		// Size should be updated
+		require.Equal(t, int64(10), s.Size())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStore_Sync_SkipsRecentFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, testSizeLimit, func(t *testing.T, s *Store, _ func(string)) {
+		// Write a file
+		_, err := s.Write("abcdefghijk0", strings.NewReader("file0"), 0)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+
+		// Set the ID provider to return empty (no valid IDs)
+		s.attachmentsWithSizes = func() (map[string]int64, error) {
+			return map[string]int64{}, nil
+		}
+
+		// File was just created, so it should NOT be deleted (< 1 hour old)
+		require.Nil(t, s.sync())
+
+		// File should still exist
+		reader, _, err := s.Read("abcdefghijk0")
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		reader.Close()
+	})
+}
+
+// forEachBackend runs f against both the file and S3 backends. It also provides a makeOld
+// callback that makes a specific object's timestamp old enough for orphan cleanup (> 1 hour).
+// For the file backend, this uses os.Chtimes; for the S3 backend, it overrides the object's
+// LastModified time via a modTimeOverrideBackend wrapper. Objects start with recent timestamps
+// by default. The S3 subtest is skipped if NTFY_TEST_S3_URL is not set.
+func forEachBackend(t *testing.T, totalSizeLimit int64, f func(t *testing.T, s *Store, makeOld func(string))) {
+	t.Run("file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir, s := newTestFileStore(t, totalSizeLimit)
+		makeOld := func(id string) {
+			oldTime := time.Unix(1, 0)
+			os.Chtimes(filepath.Join(dir, id), oldTime, oldTime)
+		}
+		f(t, s, makeOld)
+	})
+	t.Run("s3", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s, wrapper := newTestRealS3Store(t, totalSizeLimit)
+		makeOld := func(id string) {
+			wrapper.setModTime(id, time.Unix(1, 0))
+		}
+		f(t, s, makeOld)
+	})
+}

ban/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Package ban implements the abuse ban-feed: it tracks per-prefix weighted "strikes" from rejected
+// requests and appends breaching prefixes to a ban file that fail2ban tails. Keying by prefix (not
+// by visitor) makes the accounting match the unit fail2ban bans, even for shared account visitors.
+package ban
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/time/rate"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
+)
+
+const (
+	tag           = "ban"
+	pruneInterval = 10 * time.Minute
+	writeInterval = 3 * time.Second
+)
+
+// Config is the Service's config, kept separate from server.Config to avoid an import cycle.
+type Config struct {
+	File           string        // Ban file that fail2ban tails (must be non-empty; the caller decides whether the feature is enabled)
+	Window         time.Duration // Rolling window over which weighted strikes are counted
+	Threshold      int           // Weighted strikes per Window before a prefix is banned
+	Weights        Weights       // Code matcher -> strike weight (0 = exempt)
+	PrefixBitsIPv4 int           // Mask width for the ban unit, e.g. 32 (matches rate-limiting granularity)
+	PrefixBitsIPv6 int           // Mask width for the ban unit, e.g. 64
+}
+
+// tracker is the per-prefix strike state: a weighted breach detector plus timestamps for pruning and throttling.
+type tracker struct {
+	limiter *rate.Limiter
+	seen    time.Time // Last strike, for pruning idle prefixes
+	emitted time.Time // Last ban-line write for this prefix, throttles re-emits to once per Window
+}
+
+// Service owns the ban-feed: per-prefix strike accounting, buffered file writes, and idle-prefix
+// pruning. The caller owns the enable/disable decision -- only construct a Service when the feature
+// is on (see server.New, which builds one only when a ban file is configured).
+type Service struct {
+	conf      *Config
+	mu        sync.Mutex // Guards trackers and pending
+	trackers  map[netip.Prefix]*tracker
+	pending   []string      // Formatted ban lines buffered by Record, flushed to the ban file by runWriteLoop
+	writeDone chan struct{} // Closed when runWriteLoop exits after its final flush
+	closeChan chan struct{}
+	closeOnce sync.Once
+}
+
+// NewService builds a Service and starts its background loops. The caller must only call it when the
+// feature is enabled (conf non-nil, File non-empty); the Service does not model a disabled state.
+func NewService(conf *Config) *Service {
+	s := &Service{
+		conf:      conf,
+		trackers:  make(map[netip.Prefix]*tracker),
+		closeChan: make(chan struct{}),
+		writeDone: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	go s.runPruneLoop()
+	go s.runWriteLoop()
+	return s
+}
+
+// Record counts one rejection against the IP's prefix bucket and, on breach, buffers a ban line
+// (throttled to once per Window per prefix). No-ops for a non-4xx/5xx status or a zero-weight code.
+func (s *Service) Record(ip netip.Addr, httpCode, errorCode int) {
+	if httpCode < 400 {
+		return
+	}
+	weight := s.conf.Weights.WeightFor(errorCode)
+	if weight == 0 {
+		return // Weight 0: exempt, no strike
+	}
+	prefix := s.prefix(ip)
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	t := s.trackers[prefix]
+	if t == nil {
+		t = &tracker{limiter: rate.NewLimiter(rate.Limit(float64(s.conf.Threshold)/s.conf.Window.Seconds()), s.conf.Threshold)}
+		s.trackers[prefix] = t
+	}
+	t.seen = now
+	if t.limiter.AllowN(now, weight) {
+		return // Within the strike budget, no breach
+	}
+	if !t.emitted.IsZero() && now.Sub(t.emitted) < s.conf.Window {
+		return // Already emitted this prefix within the window (one ban line per prefix per window)
+	}
+	t.emitted = now
+	s.pending = append(s.pending, formatBanLine(now, ip, prefix, httpCode, errorCode))
+}
+
+// prefix masks ip to the ban unit (PrefixBitsIPv4/IPv6) -- what fail2ban bans, e.g. a whole /64.
+func (s *Service) prefix(ip netip.Addr) netip.Prefix {
+	if ip.Is4() {
+		return netip.PrefixFrom(ip, s.conf.PrefixBitsIPv4).Masked()
+	}
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(ip, s.conf.PrefixBitsIPv6).Masked()
+}
+
+// formatBanLine builds the "<RFC3339-UTC> <ip> <prefix> <http> <ntfy>" line the fail2ban filter
+// parses. The timestamp is captured at breach time, not flush time.
+func formatBanLine(t time.Time, ip netip.Addr, prefix netip.Prefix, httpCode, errorCode int) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s %s %d %d\n", t.UTC().Format(time.RFC3339), ip.String(), prefix.String(), httpCode, errorCode)
+}
+
+// runPruneLoop prunes idle prefixes until Close.
+func (s *Service) runPruneLoop() {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(pruneInterval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			s.prune()
+		case <-s.closeChan:
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// runWriteLoop flushes buffered ban lines every writeInterval, plus a final flush on Close.
+func (s *Service) runWriteLoop() {
+	defer close(s.writeDone)
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(writeInterval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			s.flush()
+		case <-s.closeChan:
+			s.flush()
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// flush appends the buffered lines to the file in one open/write. Best-effort: a batch is dropped on
+// error. Concurrent calls are safe -- pending is drained under mu, so only one flush writes a batch.
+func (s *Service) flush() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	lines := s.pending
+	s.pending = nil
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(lines) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(s.conf.File, os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Tag(tag).Err(err).Warn("Cannot open ban file %s, dropped %d ban(s)", s.conf.File, len(lines))
+		return
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	for i, line := range lines {
+		if _, err := f.WriteString(line); err != nil {
+			log.Tag(tag).Err(err).Warn("Cannot write to ban file %s, dropped %d ban(s)", s.conf.File, len(lines)-i)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// prune drops prefixes idle for a full Window -- their bucket has refilled, so forgetting them is a
+// no-op that bounds memory under a flood of distinct IPs.
+func (s *Service) prune() {
+	now := time.Now()
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	for prefix, t := range s.trackers {
+		if now.Sub(t.seen) >= s.conf.Window {
+			delete(s.trackers, prefix)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Close stops the loops and blocks until the final flush completes. Idempotent.
+func (s *Service) Close() {
+	s.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		close(s.closeChan)
+		<-s.writeDone
+	})
+}

ban/service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+package ban
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+var testIP = netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4")
+
+// newTestService creates a Service wired for testing, with the given ban file, weighted-bucket
+// threshold, and weights, plus a 1-minute window (so the emit throttle only fires once per test).
+func newTestService(t *testing.T, banFile string, threshold int, weights map[string]int) *Service {
+	t.Helper()
+	s := NewService(&Config{
+		File:           banFile,
+		Window:         time.Minute,
+		Threshold:      threshold,
+		Weights:        weights,
+		PrefixBitsIPv4: 32,
+		PrefixBitsIPv6: 64,
+	})
+	t.Cleanup(s.Close)
+	return s
+}
+
+// flushAndRead forces a synchronous flush of the buffered bans (writes are otherwise async, on the
+// runWriteLoop ticker) and returns the ban file's lines.
+func flushAndRead(t *testing.T, s *Service, path string) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	s.flush()
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return strings.Split(strings.TrimRight(string(data), "\n"), "\n")
+}
+
+func TestService_Record_Weight2BansAtHalfThreshold(t *testing.T) {
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	// Threshold 10, code weight 2 -> the budget covers exactly 5 hits, so the 6th breaches.
+	s := newTestService(t, banFile, 10, map[string]int{"*": 2})
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		s.Record(testIP, 400, 40001)
+	}
+	s.flush()
+	require.NoFileExists(t, banFile) // 5 hits * weight 2 = 10 == budget, exactly at the limit, not over
+	s.Record(testIP, 400, 40001)     // 6th hit cannot be covered -> breach
+	lines := flushAndRead(t, s, banFile)
+	require.Len(t, lines, 1)
+	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(lines[0], " 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4/32 400 40001")) // <ip> <prefix> <http> <ntfy-code>
+}
+
+func TestService_Record_Weight10BansFast(t *testing.T) {
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	// Threshold 10, code weight 10 -> a single hit drains the whole budget, so the 2nd breaches.
+	s := newTestService(t, banFile, 10, map[string]int{"42909": 10, "*": 1})
+	s.Record(testIP, 429, 42909)
+	s.flush()
+	require.NoFileExists(t, banFile)
+	s.Record(testIP, 429, 42909) // 2nd hit cannot be covered -> breach
+	lines := flushAndRead(t, s, banFile)
+	require.Len(t, lines, 1)
+	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(lines[0], " 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4/32 429 42909"))
+}
+
+func TestService_Record_Weight0NeverBans(t *testing.T) {
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	// The legit-quota code is exempt (weight 0), so no number of hits ever bans.
+	s := newTestService(t, banFile, 10, map[string]int{"42908": 0, "*": 1})
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		s.Record(testIP, 429, 42908)
+	}
+	s.flush()
+	require.NoFileExists(t, banFile)
+}
+
+func TestService_Record_SingleBucketNoRelaxation(t *testing.T) {
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	// One shared bucket per prefix: different codes draw down the SAME budget, so mixing them creates
+	// no extra headroom (unlike per-code buckets, which would relax the effective limit for a mixed
+	// offender).
+	s := newTestService(t, banFile, 10, map[string]int{"403*": 2, "*": 1})
+	s.Record(testIP, 403, 40301) // weight 2 -> 8 left
+	s.Record(testIP, 403, 40301) // weight 2 -> 6 left
+	s.Record(testIP, 403, 40301) // weight 2 -> 4 left
+	s.flush()
+	require.NoFileExists(t, banFile)
+	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
+		s.Record(testIP, 400, 40001) // weight 1 each -> drains the remaining 4 -> 0 left
+	}
+	s.flush()
+	require.NoFileExists(t, banFile) // 6 + 4 = 10 == budget exactly, still not over
+	s.Record(testIP, 400, 40001)     // one more cannot be covered -> breach
+	lines := flushAndRead(t, s, banFile)
+	require.Len(t, lines, 1)
+}
+
+func TestService_Record_ExactLineFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	s := newTestService(t, banFile, 1, map[string]int{"*": 1})
+	before := time.Now().UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		s.Record(testIP, 429, 42901)
+	}
+	after := time.Now().UTC()
+	lines := flushAndRead(t, s, banFile)
+	require.Len(t, lines, 1)
+	parts := strings.Split(lines[0], " ")
+	require.Len(t, parts, 5) // "<timestamp> <ip> <prefix> <http-code> <ntfy-code>"
+	ts, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, parts[0])
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, time.UTC, ts.Location())
+	require.False(t, ts.Before(before))
+	require.False(t, ts.After(after.Add(time.Second)))
+	require.Equal(t, "1.2.3.4", parts[1])    // full IP
+	require.Equal(t, "1.2.3.4/32", parts[2]) // masked to the default IPv4 prefix (/32)
+	require.Equal(t, "429", parts[3])        // HTTP status
+	require.Equal(t, "42901", parts[4])      // ntfy code
+}
+
+func TestService_Record_IPv6MaskedToPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	s := newTestService(t, banFile, 1, map[string]int{"*": 1})
+	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::abcd")
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		s.Record(ip, 429, 42901)
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(flushAndRead(t, s, banFile)[0], " ")
+	require.Len(t, parts, 5)
+	require.Equal(t, "2001:db8::abcd", parts[1]) // full IPv6 address
+	require.Equal(t, "2001:db8::/64", parts[2])  // masked to the default IPv6 prefix (/64)
+}
+
+func TestService_Record_PerPrefixIsolation(t *testing.T) {
+	// Each source prefix gets its own bucket: one IP hammering to a breach must not push a different,
+	// quiet IP over the edge. This is the whole point of keying by prefix instead of by visitor.
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	s := newTestService(t, banFile, 2, map[string]int{"*": 1})
+	noisy := netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1")
+	quiet := netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		s.Record(noisy, 429, 42901) // breaches its own bucket
+	}
+	s.Record(quiet, 429, 42901) // single hit, well under threshold
+	lines := flushAndRead(t, s, banFile)
+	require.Len(t, lines, 1) // only the noisy prefix is written
+	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(lines[0], " 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1/32 429 42901"))
+}
+
+func TestService_Record_OncePerWindowThrottle(t *testing.T) {
+	// Once a prefix has been written, further breaches within the window must not re-append it, so a
+	// persistent offender produces exactly one line per window (mirrors the old per-visitor banEmit).
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	s := newTestService(t, banFile, 1, map[string]int{"*": 1})
+	for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
+		s.Record(testIP, 429, 42901)
+	}
+	lines := flushAndRead(t, s, banFile)
+	require.Len(t, lines, 1)
+}
+
+func TestService_Record_BansPassedIP(t *testing.T) {
+	// The Service bans the exact IP passed to Record -- the caller passes the offending request's IP,
+	// which for an account-keyed visitor is not the visitor's stored IP.
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	s := newTestService(t, banFile, 1, map[string]int{"*": 1})
+	offender := netip.MustParseAddr("5.6.7.8")
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		s.Record(offender, 429, 42901)
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(flushAndRead(t, s, banFile)[0], " ")
+	require.Equal(t, "5.6.7.8", parts[1])    // the IP passed to Record
+	require.Equal(t, "5.6.7.8/32", parts[2]) // its prefix
+}
+
+func TestService_Record_Ignores2xx3xx(t *testing.T) {
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	s := newTestService(t, banFile, 3, map[string]int{"*": 1})
+	// Success and redirects must never count toward a ban, even over the threshold -- otherwise a
+	// legit high-volume publisher (lots of 200s) would get banned.
+	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+		s.Record(testIP, 200, 20000)
+		s.Record(testIP, 302, 30000)
+	}
+	s.flush()
+	require.NoFileExists(t, banFile)
+	// A 4xx over the same budget still gets written.
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		s.Record(testIP, 400, 40001)
+	}
+	lines := flushAndRead(t, s, banFile)
+	require.Len(t, lines, 1)
+	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(lines[0], " 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4/32 400 40001"))
+}
+
+func TestService_Record_BuffersUntilFlush(t *testing.T) {
+	// Writes are async: a breach buffers the ban line rather than writing it synchronously on the
+	// request path. The line only reaches the file when runWriteLoop (or an explicit flush) runs.
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	s := newTestService(t, banFile, 1, map[string]int{"*": 1})
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		s.Record(testIP, 429, 42901)
+	}
+	require.NoFileExists(t, banFile) // not written synchronously
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	require.Len(t, s.pending, 1) // one line buffered (throttled to once per window)
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	lines := flushAndRead(t, s, banFile)
+	require.Len(t, lines, 1)
+	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(lines[0], " 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.4/32 429 42901"))
+}
+
+func TestService_Close_FlushesPending(t *testing.T) {
+	// Close must flush buffered bans so nothing is lost on shutdown, and must block until it has.
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	s := NewService(&Config{File: banFile, Window: time.Minute, Threshold: 1, Weights: Weights{"*": 1}, PrefixBitsIPv4: 32, PrefixBitsIPv6: 64})
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		s.Record(testIP, 429, 42901)
+	}
+	require.NoFileExists(t, banFile) // still buffered
+	s.Close()                        // blocks until the final flush completes
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(banFile)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, strings.Split(strings.TrimRight(string(data), "\n"), "\n"), 1)
+}
+
+func TestService_Prune_DropsIdlePrefixes(t *testing.T) {
+	// A prefix idle for a full window has a refilled bucket, so prune drops it to bound memory. An
+	// active prefix (seen within the window) is kept.
+	banFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "ban.log")
+	s := newTestService(t, banFile, 10, map[string]int{"*": 1})
+	idle := netip.MustParseAddr("9.9.9.9")
+	s.Record(idle, 400, 40001)
+	s.Record(testIP, 400, 40001)
+	require.Len(t, s.trackers, 2)
+
+	// Backdate the idle prefix past the window, then prune.
+	idlePrefix := s.prefix(idle)
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.trackers[idlePrefix].seen = time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Minute)
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.prune()
+
+	require.Len(t, s.trackers, 1)
+	_, ok := s.trackers[idlePrefix]
+	require.False(t, ok) // idle prefix dropped
+	_, ok = s.trackers[s.prefix(testIP)]
+	require.True(t, ok) // active prefix kept
+}

ban/weights.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package ban
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Weights maps a matcher key to a strike weight for the abuse ban-feed (see ParseWeights, WeightFor).
+type Weights map[string]int
+
+// ParseWeights normalizes a list like ["42909:10","403:2","*:1"] into a Weights map. A key is an
+// exact ntfy code, a family ("429*"), a bare HTTP status ("403" -> "403*"), or "*"; weights are ints
+// >= 0 (0 = exempt). Malformed entries are rejected so misconfiguration fails at startup.
+func ParseWeights(entries []string) (Weights, error) {
+	out := make(Weights, len(entries))
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		key, weightStr, ok := strings.Cut(entry, ":")
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid ban-weight %q, want KEY:WEIGHT", entry)
+		}
+		weight, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(weightStr))
+		if err != nil || weight < 0 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid ban-weight value in %q, want a non-negative integer", entry)
+		}
+		key = strings.TrimSpace(key)
+		if !validWeightKey(key) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid ban-weight key in %q, want %q, an ntfy code, an HTTP status, or a PREFIX*", entry, "*")
+		}
+		// A bare 3-digit HTTP status is shorthand for the whole family (e.g. "403" -> "403*").
+		if len(key) == 3 && isAllDigits(key) {
+			key += "*"
+		}
+		out[key] = weight
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// WeightFor returns the strike weight for an ntfy error code, longest-match-wins (exact > family > "*").
+// If nothing matches (no "*" catch-all) it returns the implied default 1, so a forgotten "*" still
+// bans; use "*:0" to exempt everything not explicitly weighted.
+func (w Weights) WeightFor(errorCode int) int {
+	code := strconv.Itoa(errorCode)
+	weight, bestLen, matched := 0, -1, false
+	for key, wt := range w {
+		matchLen := -1
+		switch {
+		case key == "*":
+			matchLen = 0
+		case strings.HasSuffix(key, "*"):
+			if prefix := strings.TrimSuffix(key, "*"); strings.HasPrefix(code, prefix) {
+				matchLen = len(prefix)
+			}
+		case key == code:
+			matchLen = len(code)
+		}
+		if matchLen > bestLen {
+			weight, bestLen, matched = wt, matchLen, true
+		}
+	}
+	if !matched {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return weight
+}
+
+// validWeightKey reports whether key is a legal matcher: "*", an all-digits code, or DIGITS*.
+func validWeightKey(key string) bool {
+	if key == "*" {
+		return true
+	}
+	digits := strings.TrimSuffix(key, "*")
+	return digits != "" && isAllDigits(digits)
+}
+
+func isAllDigits(s string) bool {
+	for _, r := range s {
+		if r < '0' || r > '9' {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return s != ""
+}

ban/weights_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package ban
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParseWeights(t *testing.T) {
+	// Exact codes, a bare 3-digit HTTP status (normalized to a family), an exempt code, and "*".
+	weights, err := ParseWeights([]string{"42909:10", "403:2", "42908:0", "*:1"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, Weights{"42909": 10, "403*": 2, "42908": 0, "*": 1}, weights)
+
+	// A bare 3-digit HTTP status normalizes to its family.
+	weights, err = ParseWeights([]string{"429:5"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, Weights{"429*": 5}, weights)
+
+	// An explicit family key stays as-is.
+	weights, err = ParseWeights([]string{"429*:5"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, Weights{"429*": 5}, weights)
+
+	// Weight 0 is valid and means exempt.
+	weights, err = ParseWeights([]string{"42908:0"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, Weights{"42908": 0}, weights)
+
+	_, err = ParseWeights([]string{"401"}) // Missing weight
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	_, err = ParseWeights([]string{"401:-1"}) // Negative weight
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	_, err = ParseWeights([]string{"401:abc"}) // Non-integer weight
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	_, err = ParseWeights([]string{"abc:10"}) // Non-numeric key
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	_, err = ParseWeights([]string{"4*3:10"}) // Star not at the end
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestWeights_WeightFor(t *testing.T) {
+	weights, err := ParseWeights([]string{"42908:0", "42903:0", "42905:0", "42910:0", "42909:10", "429*:1", "403*:2", "4*:1", "5*:1"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// Longest-match-wins: exact 5-digit beats "429*" beats "4*" beats "*".
+	require.Equal(t, 0, weights.WeightFor(42908))
+	require.Equal(t, 10, weights.WeightFor(42909))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, weights.WeightFor(42901))
+	require.Equal(t, 2, weights.WeightFor(40311))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, weights.WeightFor(40011))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, weights.WeightFor(50312))
+	// No rule matches (this config has 4*/5* but no "*"), so the implied default weight 1 applies.
+	require.Equal(t, 1, weights.WeightFor(30012))
+}
+
+func TestWeights_WeightFor_NoStarRuleImpliesWeight1(t *testing.T) {
+	// With no "*" rule, a code that matches nothing defaults to weight 1 (can be banned), so the
+	// feature can't be silently turned into a no-op by forgetting "*". Explicit codes still win.
+	weights, err := ParseWeights([]string{"42908:0", "42909:10"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, weights.WeightFor(42908))  // explicitly exempt
+	require.Equal(t, 10, weights.WeightFor(42909)) // explicit
+	require.Equal(t, 1, weights.WeightFor(42901))  // unmatched -> implied 1
+	require.Equal(t, 1, weights.WeightFor(40001))  // unmatched -> implied 1
+}
+
+func TestWeights_WeightFor_ExplicitStarZeroExemptsAll(t *testing.T) {
+	// An explicit "*:0" is the opt-out: exempt everything not otherwise weighted.
+	weights, err := ParseWeights([]string{"42909:10", "*:0"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 10, weights.WeightFor(42909)) // explicit
+	require.Equal(t, 0, weights.WeightFor(42901))  // *:0 -> exempt everything else
+}

client/client.go

@@ -7,27 +7,29 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/log"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 )
 
-// Event type constants
 const (
-	MessageEvent     = "message"
-	KeepaliveEvent   = "keepalive"
-	OpenEvent        = "open"
-	PollRequestEvent = "poll_request"
+	// MessageEvent identifies a message event
+	MessageEvent = "message"
 )
 
 const (
 	maxResponseBytes = 4096
 )
 
+var (
+	topicRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^[-_A-Za-z0-9]{1,64}$`) // Same as in server/server.go
+)
+
 // Client is the ntfy client that can be used to publish and subscribe to ntfy topics
 type Client struct {
 	Messages      chan *Message
@@ -96,8 +98,14 @@ func (c *Client) Publish(topic, message string, options ...PublishOption) (*Mess
 // To pass title, priority and tags, check out WithTitle, WithPriority, WithTagsList, WithDelay, WithNoCache,
 // WithNoFirebase, and the generic WithHeader.
 func (c *Client) PublishReader(topic string, body io.Reader, options ...PublishOption) (*Message, error) {
-	topicURL := c.expandTopicURL(topic)
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", topicURL, body)
+	topicURL, err := c.expandTopicURL(topic)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", topicURL, body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	for _, option := range options {
 		if err := option(req); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -133,11 +141,14 @@ func (c *Client) PublishReader(topic string, body io.Reader, options ...PublishO
 // By default, all messages will be returned, but you can change this behavior using a SubscribeOption.
 // See WithSince, WithSinceAll, WithSinceUnixTime, WithScheduled, and the generic WithQueryParam.
 func (c *Client) Poll(topic string, options ...SubscribeOption) ([]*Message, error) {
+	topicURL, err := c.expandTopicURL(topic)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	messages := make([]*Message, 0)
 	msgChan := make(chan *Message)
 	errChan := make(chan error)
-	topicURL := c.expandTopicURL(topic)
 	log.Debug("%s Polling from topic", util.ShortTopicURL(topicURL))
 	options = append(options, WithPoll())
 	go func() {
@@ -166,15 +177,18 @@ func (c *Client) Poll(topic string, options ...SubscribeOption) ([]*Message, err
 // Example:
 //
 //	c := client.New(client.NewConfig())
-//	subscriptionID := c.Subscribe("mytopic")
+//	subscriptionID, _ := c.Subscribe("mytopic")
 //	for m := range c.Messages {
 //	  fmt.Printf("New message: %s", m.Message)
 //	}
-func (c *Client) Subscribe(topic string, options ...SubscribeOption) string {
+func (c *Client) Subscribe(topic string, options ...SubscribeOption) (string, error) {
+	topicURL, err := c.expandTopicURL(topic)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
 	c.mu.Lock()
 	defer c.mu.Unlock()
 	subscriptionID := util.RandomString(10)
-	topicURL := c.expandTopicURL(topic)
 	log.Debug("%s Subscribing to topic", util.ShortTopicURL(topicURL))
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	c.subscriptions[subscriptionID] = &subscription{
@@ -183,7 +197,7 @@ func (c *Client) Subscribe(topic string, options ...SubscribeOption) string {
 		cancel:   cancel,
 	}
 	go handleSubscribeConnLoop(ctx, c.Messages, topicURL, subscriptionID, options...)
-	return subscriptionID
+	return subscriptionID, nil
 }
 
 // Unsubscribe unsubscribes from a topic that has been previously subscribed to using the unique
@@ -199,31 +213,16 @@ func (c *Client) Unsubscribe(subscriptionID string) {
 	sub.cancel()
 }
 
-// UnsubscribeAll unsubscribes from a topic that has been previously subscribed with Subscribe.
-// If there are multiple subscriptions matching the topic, all of them are unsubscribed from.
-//
-// A topic can be either a full URL (e.g. https://myhost.lan/mytopic), a short URL which is then prepended https://
-// (e.g. myhost.lan -> https://myhost.lan), or a short name which is expanded using the default host in the
-// config (e.g. mytopic -> https://ntfy.sh/mytopic).
-func (c *Client) UnsubscribeAll(topic string) {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	defer c.mu.Unlock()
-	topicURL := c.expandTopicURL(topic)
-	for _, sub := range c.subscriptions {
-		if sub.topicURL == topicURL {
-			delete(c.subscriptions, sub.ID)
-			sub.cancel()
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *Client) expandTopicURL(topic string) string {
+func (c *Client) expandTopicURL(topic string) (string, error) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(topic, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(topic, "https://") {
-		return topic
+		return topic, nil
 	} else if strings.Contains(topic, "/") {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("https://%s", topic)
+		return fmt.Sprintf("https://%s", topic), nil
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", c.config.DefaultHost, topic)
+	if !topicRegex.MatchString(topic) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid topic name: %s", topic)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", c.config.DefaultHost, topic), nil
 }
 
 func handleSubscribeConnLoop(ctx context.Context, msgChan chan *Message, topicURL, subcriptionID string, options ...SubscribeOption) {

client/client.yml

@@ -5,10 +5,15 @@
 #
 # default-host: https://ntfy.sh
 
-# Default username and password will be used with "ntfy publish" if no credentials are provided on command line
-# Default username and password will be used with "ntfy subscribe" if no credentials are provided in subscription below
-# For an empty password, use empty double-quotes ("")
+# Default credentials will be used with "ntfy publish" and "ntfy subscribe" if no other credentials are provided.
+# You can set a default token to use or a default user:password combination, but not both. For an empty password,
+# use empty double-quotes ("").
 #
+# To override the default user:password combination or default token for a particular subscription (e.g., to send
+# no Authorization header), set the user:pass/token for the subscription to empty double-quotes ("").
+
+# default-token:
+
 # default-user:
 # default-password:
 
@@ -16,7 +21,7 @@
 # default-command:
 
 # Subscriptions to topics and their actions. This option is primarily used by the systemd service,
-# or if you cann "ntfy subscribe --from-config" directly.
+# or if you can "ntfy subscribe --from-config" directly.
 #
 # Example:
 #     subscribe:
@@ -30,6 +35,8 @@
 #         command: 'notify-send "$m"'
 #         user: phill
 #         password: mypass
+#       - topic: token_topic
+#         token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
 #
 # Variables:
 #     Variable        Aliases               Description

client/client_test.go

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package client_test
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/client"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/log"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/test"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/client"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/test"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func TestClient_Publish_Subscribe(t *testing.T) {
 	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
 	c := client.New(newTestConfig(port))
 
-	subscriptionID := c.Subscribe("mytopic")
+	subscriptionID, _ := c.Subscribe("mytopic")
 	time.Sleep(time.Second)
 
 	msg, err := c.Publish("mytopic", "some message")

client/config.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package client
 
 import (
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
 	"os"
 )
 
@@ -10,19 +11,27 @@ const (
 	DefaultBaseURL = "https://ntfy.sh"
 )
 
+// DefaultConfigFile is the default path to the client config file (set in config_*.go)
+var DefaultConfigFile string
+
 // Config is the config struct for a Client
 type Config struct {
-	DefaultHost     string  `yaml:"default-host"`
-	DefaultUser     string  `yaml:"default-user"`
-	DefaultPassword *string `yaml:"default-password"`
-	DefaultCommand  string  `yaml:"default-command"`
-	Subscribe       []struct {
-		Topic    string            `yaml:"topic"`
-		User     string            `yaml:"user"`
-		Password *string           `yaml:"password"`
-		Command  string            `yaml:"command"`
-		If       map[string]string `yaml:"if"`
-	} `yaml:"subscribe"`
+	DefaultHost     string      `yaml:"default-host"`
+	DefaultUser     string      `yaml:"default-user"`
+	DefaultPassword *string     `yaml:"default-password"`
+	DefaultToken    string      `yaml:"default-token"`
+	DefaultCommand  string      `yaml:"default-command"`
+	Subscribe       []Subscribe `yaml:"subscribe"`
+}
+
+// Subscribe is the struct for a Subscription within Config
+type Subscribe struct {
+	Topic    string            `yaml:"topic"`
+	User     *string           `yaml:"user"`
+	Password *string           `yaml:"password"`
+	Token    *string           `yaml:"token"`
+	Command  string            `yaml:"command"`
+	If       map[string]string `yaml:"if"`
 }
 
 // NewConfig creates a new Config struct for a Client
@@ -31,6 +40,7 @@ func NewConfig() *Config {
 		DefaultHost:     DefaultBaseURL,
 		DefaultUser:     "",
 		DefaultPassword: nil,
+		DefaultToken:    "",
 		DefaultCommand:  "",
 		Subscribe:       nil,
 	}
@@ -38,6 +48,7 @@ func NewConfig() *Config {
 
 // LoadConfig loads the Client config from a yaml file
 func LoadConfig(filename string) (*Config, error) {
+	log.Debug("Loading client config from %s", filename)
 	b, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err

client/config_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package client
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	u, err := user.Current()
+	if err == nil && u.Uid == "0" {
+		DefaultConfigFile = "/etc/ntfy/client.yml"
+	} else if configDir, err := os.UserConfigDir(); err == nil {
+		DefaultConfigFile = filepath.Join(configDir, "ntfy", "client.yml")
+	}
+}

client/config_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package client_test
 
 import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/client"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/client"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ subscribe:
 	require.Equal(t, 4, len(conf.Subscribe))
 	require.Equal(t, "no-command-with-auth", conf.Subscribe[0].Topic)
 	require.Equal(t, "", conf.Subscribe[0].Command)
-	require.Equal(t, "phil", conf.Subscribe[0].User)
+	require.Equal(t, "phil", *conf.Subscribe[0].User)
 	require.Equal(t, "mypass", *conf.Subscribe[0].Password)
 	require.Equal(t, "echo-this", conf.Subscribe[1].Topic)
 	require.Equal(t, `echo "Message received: $message"`, conf.Subscribe[1].Command)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ subscribe:
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(conf.Subscribe))
 	require.Equal(t, "no-command-with-auth", conf.Subscribe[0].Topic)
 	require.Equal(t, "", conf.Subscribe[0].Command)
-	require.Equal(t, "phil", conf.Subscribe[0].User)
+	require.Equal(t, "phil", *conf.Subscribe[0].User)
 	require.Equal(t, "", *conf.Subscribe[0].Password)
 }
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ subscribe:
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(conf.Subscribe))
 	require.Equal(t, "no-command-with-auth", conf.Subscribe[0].Topic)
 	require.Equal(t, "", conf.Subscribe[0].Command)
-	require.Equal(t, "phil", conf.Subscribe[0].User)
+	require.Equal(t, "phil", *conf.Subscribe[0].User)
 	require.Nil(t, conf.Subscribe[0].Password)
 }
 
@@ -113,6 +113,28 @@ subscribe:
 	require.Equal(t, 1, len(conf.Subscribe))
 	require.Equal(t, "no-command-with-auth", conf.Subscribe[0].Topic)
 	require.Equal(t, "", conf.Subscribe[0].Command)
-	require.Equal(t, "phil", conf.Subscribe[0].User)
+	require.Equal(t, "phil", *conf.Subscribe[0].User)
 	require.Nil(t, conf.Subscribe[0].Password)
 }
+
+func TestConfig_DefaultToken(t *testing.T) {
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(`
+default-host: http://localhost
+default-token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
+subscribe:
+  - topic: mytopic
+`), 0600))
+
+	conf, err := client.LoadConfig(filename)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "http://localhost", conf.DefaultHost)
+	require.Equal(t, "", conf.DefaultUser)
+	require.Nil(t, conf.DefaultPassword)
+	require.Equal(t, "tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", conf.DefaultToken)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(conf.Subscribe))
+	require.Equal(t, "mytopic", conf.Subscribe[0].Topic)
+	require.Nil(t, conf.Subscribe[0].User)
+	require.Nil(t, conf.Subscribe[0].Password)
+	require.Nil(t, conf.Subscribe[0].Token)
+}

client/config_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//go:build linux || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
+
+package client
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	u, err := user.Current()
+	if err == nil && u.Uid == "0" {
+		DefaultConfigFile = "/etc/ntfy/client.yml"
+	} else if configDir, err := os.UserConfigDir(); err == nil {
+		DefaultConfigFile = filepath.Join(configDir, "ntfy", "client.yml")
+	}
+}

client/config_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package client
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	if configDir, err := os.UserConfigDir(); err == nil {
+		DefaultConfigFile = filepath.Join(configDir, "ntfy", "client.yml")
+	}
+}

client/options.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package client
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -72,11 +72,27 @@ func WithAttach(attach string) PublishOption {
 	return WithHeader("X-Attach", attach)
 }
 
+// WithMarkdown instructs the server to interpret the message body as Markdown
+func WithMarkdown() PublishOption {
+	return WithHeader("X-Markdown", "yes")
+}
+
+// WithTemplate instructs the server to use a specific template for the message. If templateName is is "yes" or "1",
+// the server will interpret the message and title as a template.
+func WithTemplate(templateName string) PublishOption {
+	return WithHeader("X-Template", templateName)
+}
+
 // WithFilename sets a filename for the attachment, and/or forces the HTTP body to interpreted as an attachment
 func WithFilename(filename string) PublishOption {
 	return WithHeader("X-Filename", filename)
 }
 
+// WithSequenceID sets a sequence ID for the message, allowing updates to existing notifications
+func WithSequenceID(sequenceID string) PublishOption {
+	return WithHeader("X-Sequence-ID", sequenceID)
+}
+
 // WithEmail instructs the server to also send the message to the given e-mail address
 func WithEmail(email string) PublishOption {
 	return WithHeader("X-Email", email)
@@ -92,6 +108,11 @@ func WithBearerAuth(token string) PublishOption {
 	return WithHeader("Authorization", fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", token))
 }
 
+// WithEmptyAuth clears the Authorization header
+func WithEmptyAuth() PublishOption {
+	return RemoveHeader("Authorization")
+}
+
 // WithNoCache instructs the server not to cache the message server-side
 func WithNoCache() PublishOption {
 	return WithHeader("X-Cache", "no")
@@ -182,3 +203,13 @@ func WithQueryParam(param, value string) RequestOption {
 		return nil
 	}
 }
+
+// RemoveHeader is a generic option to remove a header from a request
+func RemoveHeader(header string) RequestOption {
+	return func(r *http.Request) error {
+		if header != "" {
+			delete(r.Header, header)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}

client/user/ntfy-client.service

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=ntfy client
+After=network.target
+
+[Service]
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/ntfy subscribe --config "%h/.config/ntfy/client.yml" --from-config
+Restart=on-failure
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=default.target

cmd/access.go

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/user"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/user"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -105,8 +105,10 @@ func changeAccess(c *cli.Context, manager *user.Manager, username string, topic
 		return err
 	}
 	u, err := manager.User(username)
-	if err == user.ErrUserNotFound {
+	if errors.Is(err, user.ErrUserNotFound) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("user %s does not exist", username)
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return err
 	} else if u.Role == user.RoleAdmin {
 		return fmt.Errorf("user %s is an admin user, access control entries have no effect", username)
 	}
@@ -114,13 +116,13 @@ func changeAccess(c *cli.Context, manager *user.Manager, username string, topic
 		return err
 	}
 	if permission.IsReadWrite() {
-		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "granted read-write access to topic %s\n\n", topic)
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "granted read-write access to topic %s\n\n", topic)
 	} else if permission.IsRead() {
-		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "granted read-only access to topic %s\n\n", topic)
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "granted read-only access to topic %s\n\n", topic)
 	} else if permission.IsWrite() {
-		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "granted write-only access to topic %s\n\n", topic)
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "granted write-only access to topic %s\n\n", topic)
 	} else {
-		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "revoked all access to topic %s\n\n", topic)
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "revoked all access to topic %s\n\n", topic)
 	}
 	return showUserAccess(c, manager, username)
 }
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@ func resetAllAccess(c *cli.Context, manager *user.Manager) error {
 	if err := manager.ResetAccess("", ""); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintln(c.App.ErrWriter, "reset access for all users")
+	fmt.Fprintln(c.App.Writer, "reset access for all users")
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ func resetUserAccess(c *cli.Context, manager *user.Manager, username string) err
 	if err := manager.ResetAccess(username, ""); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "reset access for user %s\n\n", username)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "reset access for user %s\n\n", username)
 	return showUserAccess(c, manager, username)
 }
 
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ func resetUserTopicAccess(c *cli.Context, manager *user.Manager, username string
 	if err := manager.ResetAccess(username, topic); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "reset access for user %s and topic %s\n\n", username, topic)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "reset access for user %s and topic %s\n\n", username, topic)
 	return showUserAccess(c, manager, username)
 }
 
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ func showAllAccess(c *cli.Context, manager *user.Manager) error {
 
 func showUserAccess(c *cli.Context, manager *user.Manager, username string) error {
 	users, err := manager.User(username)
-	if err == user.ErrUserNotFound {
+	if errors.Is(err, user.ErrUserNotFound) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("user %s does not exist", username)
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -193,34 +195,42 @@ func showUsers(c *cli.Context, manager *user.Manager, users []*user.User) error
 		if u.Tier != nil {
 			tier = u.Tier.Name
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "user %s (role: %s, tier: %s)\n", u.Name, u.Role, tier)
+		provisioned := ""
+		if u.Provisioned {
+			provisioned = ", server config"
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "user %s (role: %s, tier: %s%s)\n", u.Name, u.Role, tier, provisioned)
 		if u.Role == user.RoleAdmin {
-			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- read-write access to all topics (admin role)\n")
+			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- read-write access to all topics (admin role)\n")
 		} else if len(grants) > 0 {
 			for _, grant := range grants {
-				if grant.Allow.IsReadWrite() {
-					fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- read-write access to topic %s\n", grant.TopicPattern)
-				} else if grant.Allow.IsRead() {
-					fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- read-only access to topic %s\n", grant.TopicPattern)
-				} else if grant.Allow.IsWrite() {
-					fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- write-only access to topic %s\n", grant.TopicPattern)
+				grantProvisioned := ""
+				if grant.Provisioned {
+					grantProvisioned = " (server config)"
+				}
+				if grant.Permission.IsReadWrite() {
+					fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- read-write access to topic %s%s\n", grant.TopicPattern, grantProvisioned)
+				} else if grant.Permission.IsRead() {
+					fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- read-only access to topic %s%s\n", grant.TopicPattern, grantProvisioned)
+				} else if grant.Permission.IsWrite() {
+					fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- write-only access to topic %s%s\n", grant.TopicPattern, grantProvisioned)
 				} else {
-					fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- no access to topic %s\n", grant.TopicPattern)
+					fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- no access to topic %s%s\n", grant.TopicPattern, grantProvisioned)
 				}
 			}
 		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- no topic-specific permissions\n")
+			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- no topic-specific permissions\n")
 		}
 		if u.Name == user.Everyone {
 			access := manager.DefaultAccess()
 			if access.IsReadWrite() {
-				fmt.Fprintln(c.App.ErrWriter, "- read-write access to all (other) topics (server config)")
+				fmt.Fprintln(c.App.Writer, "- read-write access to all (other) topics (server config)")
 			} else if access.IsRead() {
-				fmt.Fprintln(c.App.ErrWriter, "- read-only access to all (other) topics (server config)")
+				fmt.Fprintln(c.App.Writer, "- read-only access to all (other) topics (server config)")
 			} else if access.IsWrite() {
-				fmt.Fprintln(c.App.ErrWriter, "- write-only access to all (other) topics (server config)")
+				fmt.Fprintln(c.App.Writer, "- write-only access to all (other) topics (server config)")
 			} else {
-				fmt.Fprintln(c.App.ErrWriter, "- no access to any (other) topics (server config)")
+				fmt.Fprintln(c.App.Writer, "- no access to any (other) topics (server config)")
 			}
 		}
 	}

cmd/access_test.go

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/server"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/test"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/server"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/test"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ func TestCLI_Access_Show(t *testing.T) {
 	s, conf, port := newTestServerWithAuth(t)
 	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
 
-	app, _, _, stderr := newTestApp()
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, runAccessCommand(app, conf))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "user * (role: anonymous, tier: none)\n- no topic-specific permissions\n- no access to any (other) topics (server config)")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "user * (role: anonymous, tier: none)\n- no topic-specific permissions\n- no access to any (other) topics (server config)")
 }
 
 func TestCLI_Access_Grant_And_Publish(t *testing.T) {
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func TestCLI_Access_Grant_And_Publish(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Nil(t, runAccessCommand(app, conf, "ben", "sometopic", "read"))
 	require.Nil(t, runAccessCommand(app, conf, "everyone", "announcements", "read"))
 
-	app, _, _, stderr := newTestApp()
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, runAccessCommand(app, conf))
 	expected := `user phil (role: admin, tier: none)
 - read-write access to all topics (admin role)
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ user * (role: anonymous, tier: none)
 - read-only access to topic announcements
 - no access to any (other) topics (server config)
 `
-	require.Equal(t, expected, stderr.String())
+	require.Equal(t, expected, stdout.String())
 
 	// See if access permissions match
 	app, _, _, _ = newTestApp()

cmd/app.go

@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2/altsrc"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/log"
 	"os"
 	"regexp"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2/altsrc"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -15,6 +16,12 @@ const (
 	categoryServer = "Server commands"
 )
 
+// Build metadata keys for app.Metadata
+const (
+	MetadataKeyCommit = "commit"
+	MetadataKeyDate   = "date"
+)
+
 var commands = make([]*cli.Command, 0)
 
 var flagsDefault = []cli.Flag{
@@ -37,7 +44,7 @@ func New() *cli.App {
 		Name:                   "ntfy",
 		Usage:                  "Simple pub-sub notification service",
 		UsageText:              "ntfy [OPTION..]",
-		HideVersion:            true,
+		HideVersion:            false,
 		UseShortOptionHandling: true,
 		Reader:                 os.Stdin,
 		Writer:                 os.Stdout,

cmd/app_test.go

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/client"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/log"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/client"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"

cmd/config_loader.go

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2/altsrc"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 	"os"
 )
 

cmd/publish.go

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/client"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/log"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/client"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@ var flagsPublish = append(
 	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "icon", Aliases: []string{"i"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ICON"}, Usage: "URL to use as notification icon"},
 	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "actions", Aliases: []string{"A"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ACTIONS"}, Usage: "actions JSON array or simple definition"},
 	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attach", Aliases: []string{"a"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ATTACH"}, Usage: "URL to send as an external attachment"},
+	&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "markdown", Aliases: []string{"md"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_MARKDOWN"}, Usage: "Message is formatted as Markdown"},
+	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "template", Aliases: []string{"tpl"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_TEMPLATE"}, Usage: "use templates to transform JSON message body"},
 	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "filename", Aliases: []string{"name", "n"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_FILENAME"}, Usage: "filename for the attachment"},
+	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "sequence-id", Aliases: []string{"sequence_id", "sid", "S"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SEQUENCE_ID"}, Usage: "sequence ID for updating notifications"},
 	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "file", Aliases: []string{"f"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_FILE"}, Usage: "file to upload as an attachment"},
 	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "email", Aliases: []string{"mail", "e"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_EMAIL"}, Usage: "also send to e-mail address"},
 	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "user", Aliases: []string{"u"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_USER"}, Usage: "username[:password] used to auth against the server"},
@@ -40,7 +43,6 @@ var flagsPublish = append(
 	&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "wait-cmd", Aliases: []string{"wait_cmd", "cmd", "done"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_WAIT_CMD"}, Usage: "run command and wait until it finishes before publishing"},
 	&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "no-cache", Aliases: []string{"no_cache", "C"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_NO_CACHE"}, Usage: "do not cache message server-side"},
 	&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "no-firebase", Aliases: []string{"no_firebase", "F"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_NO_FIREBASE"}, Usage: "do not forward message to Firebase"},
-	&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "env-topic", Aliases: []string{"env_topic", "P"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ENV_TOPIC"}, Usage: "use topic from NTFY_TOPIC env variable"},
 	&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "quiet", Aliases: []string{"q"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_QUIET"}, Usage: "do not print message"},
 )
 
@@ -69,6 +71,8 @@ Examples:
   ntfy pub --icon="http://some.tld/icon.png" 'Icon!'      # Send notification with custom icon
   ntfy pub --attach="http://some.tld/file.zip" files      # Send ZIP archive from URL as attachment
   ntfy pub --file=flower.jpg flowers 'Nice!'              # Send image.jpg as attachment
+  ntfy pub -S my-id mytopic 'Update me'                   # Send with sequence ID for updates
+  echo 'message' | ntfy publish mytopic                   # Send message from stdin
   ntfy pub -u phil:mypass secret Psst                     # Publish with username/password
   ntfy pub --wait-pid 1234 mytopic                        # Wait for process 1234 to exit before publishing
   ntfy pub --wait-cmd mytopic rsync -av ./ /tmp/a         # Run command and publish after it completes
@@ -96,7 +100,10 @@ func execPublish(c *cli.Context) error {
 	icon := c.String("icon")
 	actions := c.String("actions")
 	attach := c.String("attach")
+	markdown := c.Bool("markdown")
+	template := c.String("template")
 	filename := c.String("filename")
+	sequenceID := c.String("sequence-id")
 	file := c.String("file")
 	email := c.String("email")
 	user := c.String("user")
@@ -141,9 +148,18 @@ func execPublish(c *cli.Context) error {
 	if attach != "" {
 		options = append(options, client.WithAttach(attach))
 	}
+	if markdown {
+		options = append(options, client.WithMarkdown())
+	}
+	if template != "" {
+		options = append(options, client.WithTemplate(template))
+	}
 	if filename != "" {
 		options = append(options, client.WithFilename(filename))
 	}
+	if sequenceID != "" {
+		options = append(options, client.WithSequenceID(sequenceID))
+	}
 	if email != "" {
 		options = append(options, client.WithEmail(email))
 	}
@@ -155,8 +171,7 @@ func execPublish(c *cli.Context) error {
 	}
 	if token != "" {
 		options = append(options, client.WithBearerAuth(token))
-	}
-	if user != "" {
+	} else if user != "" {
 		var pass string
 		parts := strings.SplitN(user, ":", 2)
 		if len(parts) == 2 {
@@ -172,6 +187,8 @@ func execPublish(c *cli.Context) error {
 			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "\r%s\r", strings.Repeat(" ", 20))
 		}
 		options = append(options, client.WithBasicAuth(user, pass))
+	} else if conf.DefaultToken != "" {
+		options = append(options, client.WithBearerAuth(conf.DefaultToken))
 	} else if conf.DefaultUser != "" && conf.DefaultPassword != nil {
 		options = append(options, client.WithBasicAuth(conf.DefaultUser, *conf.DefaultPassword))
 	}
@@ -249,6 +266,15 @@ func parseTopicMessageCommand(c *cli.Context) (topic string, message string, com
 	if c.String("message") != "" {
 		message = c.String("message")
 	}
+	if message == "" && isStdinRedirected() {
+		var data []byte
+		data, err = io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(c.App.Reader, 1024*1024))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debug("Failed to read from stdin: %s", err.Error())
+			return
+		}
+		message = strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
+	}
 	return
 }
 
@@ -307,3 +333,12 @@ func runAndWaitForCommand(command []string) (message string, err error) {
 	log.Debug("Command succeeded after %s: %s", runtime, prettyCmd)
 	return fmt.Sprintf("Command succeeded after %s: %s", runtime, prettyCmd), nil
 }
+
+func isStdinRedirected() bool {
+	stat, err := os.Stdin.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debug("Failed to stat stdin: %s", err.Error())
+		return false
+	}
+	return (stat.Mode() & os.ModeCharDevice) == 0
+}

cmd/publish_test.go

@@ -2,18 +2,23 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/test"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/test"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 )
 
 func TestCLI_Publish_Subscribe_Poll_Real_Server(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Skip("temporarily disabled") // FIXME
 	testMessage := util.RandomString(10)
 	app, _, _, _ := newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "publish", "ntfytest", "ntfy unit test " + testMessage}))
@@ -130,11 +135,11 @@ func TestCLI_Publish_Wait_PID_And_Cmd(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, `command failed: does-not-exist-no-really "really though", error: exec: "does-not-exist-no-really": executable file not found in $PATH`, err.Error())
 
 	// Tests with NTFY_TOPIC set ////
-	require.Nil(t, os.Setenv("NTFY_TOPIC", topic))
+	t.Setenv("NTFY_TOPIC", topic)
 
 	// Test: Successful command with NTFY_TOPIC
 	app, _, stdout, _ = newTestApp()
-	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "publish", "--env-topic", "--cmd", "echo", "hi there"}))
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "publish", "--cmd", "echo", "hi there"}))
 	m = toMessage(t, stdout.String())
 	require.Equal(t, "mytopic", m.Topic)
 
@@ -143,7 +148,155 @@ func TestCLI_Publish_Wait_PID_And_Cmd(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Nil(t, sleep.Start())
 	go sleep.Wait() // Must be called to release resources
 	app, _, stdout, _ = newTestApp()
-	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "publish", "--env-topic", "--wait-pid", strconv.Itoa(sleep.Process.Pid)}))
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "publish", "--wait-pid", strconv.Itoa(sleep.Process.Pid)}))
 	m = toMessage(t, stdout.String())
 	require.Regexp(t, `Process with PID \d+ exited after .+ms`, m.Message)
 }
+
+func TestCLI_Publish_Default_UserPass(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Basic cGhpbGlwcDpteXBhc3M=", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-user: philipp
+default-password: mypass
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "publish", "--config=" + filename, "mytopic", "triggered"}))
+	m := toMessage(t, stdout.String())
+	require.Equal(t, "triggered", m.Message)
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Publish_Default_Token(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Bearer tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "publish", "--config=" + filename, "mytopic", "triggered"}))
+	m := toMessage(t, stdout.String())
+	require.Equal(t, "triggered", m.Message)
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Publish_Default_UserPass_CLI_Token(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Bearer tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-user: philipp
+default-password: mypass
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "publish", "--config=" + filename, "--token", "tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", "mytopic", "triggered"}))
+	m := toMessage(t, stdout.String())
+	require.Equal(t, "triggered", m.Message)
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Publish_Default_Token_CLI_UserPass(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Basic cGhpbGlwcDpteXBhc3M=", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "publish", "--config=" + filename, "--user", "philipp:mypass", "mytopic", "triggered"}))
+	m := toMessage(t, stdout.String())
+	require.Equal(t, "triggered", m.Message)
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Publish_Default_Token_CLI_Token(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Bearer tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-token: tk_FAKETOKEN01234567890FAKETOKEN
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "publish", "--config=" + filename, "--token", "tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", "mytopic", "triggered"}))
+	m := toMessage(t, stdout.String())
+	require.Equal(t, "triggered", m.Message)
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Publish_Default_UserPass_CLI_UserPass(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Basic cGhpbGlwcDpteXBhc3M=", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-user: philipp
+default-password: fakepass
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "publish", "--config=" + filename, "--user", "philipp:mypass", "mytopic", "triggered"}))
+	m := toMessage(t, stdout.String())
+	require.Equal(t, "triggered", m.Message)
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Publish_Token_And_UserPass(t *testing.T) {
+	app, _, _, _ := newTestApp()
+	err := app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "publish", "--token", "tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", "--user", "philipp:mypass", "mytopic", "triggered"})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "cannot set both --user and --token", err.Error())
+}

cmd/publish_unix.go

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 //go:build darwin || linux || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
-// +build darwin linux dragonfly freebsd netbsd openbsd
 
 package cmd
 

cmd/serve.go

@@ -5,85 +5,121 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/stripe/stripe-go/v74"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/user"
 	"io/fs"
 	"math"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-	"os/signal"
+	"net/url"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
-	"syscall"
+	"text/template"
 	"time"
 
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/log"
-
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2/altsrc"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/server"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/ban"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/payments"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/server"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/user"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 )
 
 func init() {
 	commands = append(commands, cmdServe)
 }
 
-const (
-	defaultServerConfigFile = "/etc/ntfy/server.yml"
-)
-
 var flagsServe = append(
 	append([]cli.Flag{}, flagsDefault...),
-	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "config", Aliases: []string{"c"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_CONFIG_FILE"}, Value: defaultServerConfigFile, DefaultText: defaultServerConfigFile, Usage: "config file"},
+	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "config", Aliases: []string{"c"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_CONFIG_FILE"}, Value: server.DefaultConfigFile, Usage: "config file"},
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "base-url", Aliases: []string{"base_url", "B"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_BASE_URL"}, Usage: "externally visible base URL for this host (e.g. https://ntfy.sh)"}),
-	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "listen-http", Aliases: []string{"listen_http", "l"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_LISTEN_HTTP"}, Value: server.DefaultListenHTTP, Usage: "ip:port used to as HTTP listen address"}),
-	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "listen-https", Aliases: []string{"listen_https", "L"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_LISTEN_HTTPS"}, Usage: "ip:port used to as HTTPS listen address"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "listen-http", Aliases: []string{"listen_http", "l"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_LISTEN_HTTP"}, Value: server.DefaultListenHTTP, Usage: "ip:port used as HTTP listen address"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "listen-https", Aliases: []string{"listen_https", "L"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_LISTEN_HTTPS"}, Usage: "ip:port used as HTTPS listen address"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "listen-unix", Aliases: []string{"listen_unix", "U"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_LISTEN_UNIX"}, Usage: "listen on unix socket path"}),
 	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "listen-unix-mode", Aliases: []string{"listen_unix_mode"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_LISTEN_UNIX_MODE"}, DefaultText: "system default", Usage: "file permissions of unix socket, e.g. 0700"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "key-file", Aliases: []string{"key_file", "K"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_KEY_FILE"}, Usage: "private key file, if listen-https is set"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "cert-file", Aliases: []string{"cert_file", "E"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_CERT_FILE"}, Usage: "certificate file, if listen-https is set"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "firebase-key-file", Aliases: []string{"firebase_key_file", "F"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_FIREBASE_KEY_FILE"}, Usage: "Firebase credentials file; if set additionally publish to FCM topic"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "database-url", Aliases: []string{"database_url"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_DATABASE_URL"}, Usage: "PostgreSQL connection string for database-backed stores (e.g. postgres://user:pass@host:5432/ntfy)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringSliceFlag(&cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "database-replica-urls", Aliases: []string{"database_replica_urls"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_DATABASE_REPLICA_URLS"}, Usage: "PostgreSQL read replica connection strings for offloading read queries"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "cache-file", Aliases: []string{"cache_file", "C"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_CACHE_FILE"}, Usage: "cache file used for message caching"}),
-	altsrc.NewDurationFlag(&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "cache-duration", Aliases: []string{"cache_duration", "b"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_CACHE_DURATION"}, Value: server.DefaultCacheDuration, Usage: "buffer messages for this time to allow `since` requests"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "cache-duration", Aliases: []string{"cache_duration", "b"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_CACHE_DURATION"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultCacheDuration), Usage: "buffer messages for this time to allow `since` requests"}),
 	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "cache-batch-size", Aliases: []string{"cache_batch_size"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_BATCH_SIZE"}, Usage: "max size of messages to batch together when writing to message cache (if zero, writes are synchronous)"}),
-	altsrc.NewDurationFlag(&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "cache-batch-timeout", Aliases: []string{"cache_batch_timeout"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_CACHE_BATCH_TIMEOUT"}, Usage: "timeout for batched async writes to the message cache (if zero, writes are synchronous)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "cache-batch-timeout", Aliases: []string{"cache_batch_timeout"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_CACHE_BATCH_TIMEOUT"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultCacheBatchTimeout), Usage: "timeout for batched async writes to the message cache (if zero, writes are synchronous)"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "cache-startup-queries", Aliases: []string{"cache_startup_queries"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_CACHE_STARTUP_QUERIES"}, Usage: "queries run when the cache database is initialized"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "auth-file", Aliases: []string{"auth_file", "H"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_AUTH_FILE"}, Usage: "auth database file used for access control"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "auth-startup-queries", Aliases: []string{"auth_startup_queries"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_AUTH_STARTUP_QUERIES"}, Usage: "queries run when the auth database is initialized"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "auth-default-access", Aliases: []string{"auth_default_access", "p"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_AUTH_DEFAULT_ACCESS"}, Value: "read-write", Usage: "default permissions if no matching entries in the auth database are found"}),
-	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-cache-dir", Aliases: []string{"attachment_cache_dir"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ATTACHMENT_CACHE_DIR"}, Usage: "cache directory for attached files"}),
-	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-total-size-limit", Aliases: []string{"attachment_total_size_limit", "A"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT"}, DefaultText: "5G", Usage: "limit of the on-disk attachment cache"}),
-	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-file-size-limit", Aliases: []string{"attachment_file_size_limit", "Y"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ATTACHMENT_FILE_SIZE_LIMIT"}, DefaultText: "15M", Usage: "per-file attachment size limit (e.g. 300k, 2M, 100M)"}),
-	altsrc.NewDurationFlag(&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "attachment-expiry-duration", Aliases: []string{"attachment_expiry_duration", "X"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ATTACHMENT_EXPIRY_DURATION"}, Value: server.DefaultAttachmentExpiryDuration, DefaultText: "3h", Usage: "duration after which uploaded attachments will be deleted (e.g. 3h, 20h)"}),
-	altsrc.NewDurationFlag(&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "keepalive-interval", Aliases: []string{"keepalive_interval", "k"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL"}, Value: server.DefaultKeepaliveInterval, Usage: "interval of keepalive messages"}),
-	altsrc.NewDurationFlag(&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "manager-interval", Aliases: []string{"manager_interval", "m"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_MANAGER_INTERVAL"}, Value: server.DefaultManagerInterval, Usage: "interval of for message pruning and stats printing"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringSliceFlag(&cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "auth-users", Aliases: []string{"auth_users"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_AUTH_USERS"}, Usage: "pre-provisioned declarative users"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringSliceFlag(&cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "auth-access", Aliases: []string{"auth_access"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_AUTH_ACCESS"}, Usage: "pre-provisioned declarative access control entries"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringSliceFlag(&cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "auth-tokens", Aliases: []string{"auth_tokens"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_AUTH_TOKENS"}, Usage: "pre-provisioned declarative access tokens"}),
+	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "auth-access-cache", Aliases: []string{"auth_access_cache"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_AUTH_ACCESS_CACHE"}, Value: user.DefaultAccessCacheEnabled, Usage: "enables the in-memory ACL cache (high-volume servers only)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-cache-dir", Aliases: []string{"attachment_cache_dir"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ATTACHMENT_CACHE_DIR"}, Usage: "cache directory for attached files, or S3 URL (s3://ACCESS_KEY:SECRET_KEY@BUCKET[/PREFIX]?region=REGION[&endpoint=ENDPOINT])"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-total-size-limit", Aliases: []string{"attachment_total_size_limit", "A"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT"}, Value: util.FormatSize(server.DefaultAttachmentTotalSizeLimit), Usage: "limit of the on-disk attachment cache"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-file-size-limit", Aliases: []string{"attachment_file_size_limit", "Y"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ATTACHMENT_FILE_SIZE_LIMIT"}, Value: util.FormatSize(server.DefaultAttachmentFileSizeLimit), Usage: "per-file attachment size limit (e.g. 300k, 2M, 100M)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-expiry-duration", Aliases: []string{"attachment_expiry_duration", "X"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ATTACHMENT_EXPIRY_DURATION"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultAttachmentExpiryDuration), Usage: "duration after which uploaded attachments will be deleted (e.g. 3h, 20h)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "template-dir", Aliases: []string{"template_dir"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_TEMPLATE_DIR"}, Value: server.DefaultTemplateDir, Usage: "directory to load named message templates from"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "keepalive-interval", Aliases: []string{"keepalive_interval", "k"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultKeepaliveInterval), Usage: "interval of keepalive messages"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "manager-interval", Aliases: []string{"manager_interval", "m"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_MANAGER_INTERVAL"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultManagerInterval), Usage: "interval of for message pruning and stats printing"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringSliceFlag(&cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "disallowed-topics", Aliases: []string{"disallowed_topics"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_DISALLOWED_TOPICS"}, Usage: "topics that are not allowed to be used"}),
-	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "web-root", Aliases: []string{"web_root"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_WEB_ROOT"}, Value: "app", Usage: "sets web root to landing page (home), web app (app) or disabled (disable)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "web-root", Aliases: []string{"web_root"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_WEB_ROOT"}, Value: "/", Usage: "sets root of the web app (e.g. /, or /app), or disables it (disable)"}),
 	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "enable-signup", Aliases: []string{"enable_signup"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ENABLE_SIGNUP"}, Value: false, Usage: "allows users to sign up via the web app, or API"}),
 	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "enable-login", Aliases: []string{"enable_login"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ENABLE_LOGIN"}, Value: false, Usage: "allows users to log in via the web app, or API"}),
 	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "enable-reservations", Aliases: []string{"enable_reservations"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ENABLE_RESERVATIONS"}, Value: false, Usage: "allows users to reserve topics (if their tier allows it)"}),
+	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "require-login", Aliases: []string{"require_login"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_REQUIRE_LOGIN"}, Value: false, Usage: "all actions via the web app requires a login"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "upstream-base-url", Aliases: []string{"upstream_base_url"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_UPSTREAM_BASE_URL"}, Value: "", Usage: "forward poll request to an upstream server, this is needed for iOS push notifications for self-hosted servers"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "upstream-access-token", Aliases: []string{"upstream_access_token"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_UPSTREAM_ACCESS_TOKEN"}, Value: "", Usage: "access token to use for the upstream server; needed only if upstream rate limits are exceeded or upstream server requires auth"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "smtp-sender-addr", Aliases: []string{"smtp_sender_addr"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_ADDR"}, Usage: "SMTP server address (host:port) for outgoing emails"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "smtp-sender-user", Aliases: []string{"smtp_sender_user"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_USER"}, Usage: "SMTP user (if e-mail sending is enabled)"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "smtp-sender-pass", Aliases: []string{"smtp_sender_pass"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_PASS"}, Usage: "SMTP password (if e-mail sending is enabled)"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "smtp-sender-from", Aliases: []string{"smtp_sender_from"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_FROM"}, Usage: "SMTP sender address (if e-mail sending is enabled)"}),
+	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "smtp-sender-verify", Aliases: []string{"smtp_sender_verify"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_VERIFY"}, Value: false, Usage: "require verified email addresses for sending email notifications"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "smtp-server-listen", Aliases: []string{"smtp_server_listen"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_LISTEN"}, Usage: "SMTP server address (ip:port) for incoming emails, e.g. :25"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "smtp-server-domain", Aliases: []string{"smtp_server_domain"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_DOMAIN"}, Usage: "SMTP domain for incoming e-mail, e.g. ntfy.sh"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "smtp-server-addr-prefix", Aliases: []string{"smtp_server_addr_prefix"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SMTP_SERVER_ADDR_PREFIX"}, Usage: "SMTP email address prefix for topics to prevent spam (e.g. 'ntfy-')"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "twilio-account", Aliases: []string{"twilio_account"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_TWILIO_ACCOUNT"}, Usage: "Twilio account SID, used for phone calls, e.g. AC123..."}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "twilio-auth-token", Aliases: []string{"twilio_auth_token"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN"}, Usage: "Twilio auth token"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "twilio-phone-number", Aliases: []string{"twilio_phone_number"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_TWILIO_PHONE_NUMBER"}, Usage: "Twilio number to use for outgoing calls"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "twilio-verify-service", Aliases: []string{"twilio_verify_service"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_TWILIO_VERIFY_SERVICE"}, Usage: "Twilio Verify service ID, used for phone number verification"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "twilio-call-format", Aliases: []string{"twilio_call_format"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_TWILIO_CALL_FORMAT"}, Usage: "Twilio/TwiML format string for phone calls"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "message-size-limit", Aliases: []string{"message_size_limit"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_MESSAGE_SIZE_LIMIT"}, Value: util.FormatSize(server.DefaultMessageSizeLimit), Usage: "size limit for the message (see docs for limitations)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "message-delay-limit", Aliases: []string{"message_delay_limit"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_MESSAGE_DELAY_LIMIT"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultMessageDelayMax), Usage: "max duration a message can be scheduled into the future"}),
 	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "global-topic-limit", Aliases: []string{"global_topic_limit", "T"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_GLOBAL_TOPIC_LIMIT"}, Value: server.DefaultTotalTopicLimit, Usage: "total number of topics allowed"}),
 	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "visitor-subscription-limit", Aliases: []string{"visitor_subscription_limit"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_SUBSCRIPTION_LIMIT"}, Value: server.DefaultVisitorSubscriptionLimit, Usage: "number of subscriptions per visitor"}),
-	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-attachment-total-size-limit", Aliases: []string{"visitor_attachment_total_size_limit"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT"}, Value: "100M", Usage: "total storage limit used for attachments per visitor"}),
-	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit", Aliases: []string{"visitor_attachment_daily_bandwidth_limit"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_DAILY_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT"}, Value: "500M", Usage: "total daily attachment download/upload bandwidth limit per visitor"}),
+	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "visitor-subscriber-rate-limiting", Aliases: []string{"visitor_subscriber_rate_limiting"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_SUBSCRIBER_RATE_LIMITING"}, Value: false, Usage: "enables subscriber-based rate limiting"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-attachment-total-size-limit", Aliases: []string{"visitor_attachment_total_size_limit"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT"}, Value: util.FormatSize(server.DefaultVisitorAttachmentTotalSizeLimit), Usage: "total storage limit used for attachments per visitor"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit", Aliases: []string{"visitor_attachment_daily_bandwidth_limit"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_DAILY_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT"}, Value: "500M", Usage: "total daily bandwidth limit per visitor, for attachment downloads/uploads and messages replayed from the cache by poll requests"}),
 	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "visitor-request-limit-burst", Aliases: []string{"visitor_request_limit_burst"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_BURST"}, Value: server.DefaultVisitorRequestLimitBurst, Usage: "initial limit of requests per visitor"}),
-	altsrc.NewDurationFlag(&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "visitor-request-limit-replenish", Aliases: []string{"visitor_request_limit_replenish"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_REPLENISH"}, Value: server.DefaultVisitorRequestLimitReplenish, Usage: "interval at which burst limit is replenished (one per x)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-request-limit-replenish", Aliases: []string{"visitor_request_limit_replenish"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_REPLENISH"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultVisitorRequestLimitReplenish), Usage: "interval at which burst limit is replenished (one per x)"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-request-limit-exempt-hosts", Aliases: []string{"visitor_request_limit_exempt_hosts"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_EXEMPT_HOSTS"}, Value: "", Usage: "hostnames and/or IP addresses of hosts that will be exempt from the visitor request limit"}),
 	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "visitor-message-daily-limit", Aliases: []string{"visitor_message_daily_limit"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_MESSAGE_DAILY_LIMIT"}, Value: server.DefaultVisitorMessageDailyLimit, Usage: "max messages per visitor per day, derived from request limit if unset"}),
 	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "visitor-email-limit-burst", Aliases: []string{"visitor_email_limit_burst"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_BURST"}, Value: server.DefaultVisitorEmailLimitBurst, Usage: "initial limit of e-mails per visitor"}),
-	altsrc.NewDurationFlag(&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "visitor-email-limit-replenish", Aliases: []string{"visitor_email_limit_replenish"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_REPLENISH"}, Value: server.DefaultVisitorEmailLimitReplenish, Usage: "interval at which burst limit is replenished (one per x)"}),
-	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "behind-proxy", Aliases: []string{"behind_proxy", "P"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_BEHIND_PROXY"}, Value: false, Usage: "if set, use X-Forwarded-For header to determine visitor IP address (for rate limiting)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-email-limit-replenish", Aliases: []string{"visitor_email_limit_replenish"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_REPLENISH"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultVisitorEmailLimitReplenish), Usage: "interval at which burst limit is replenished (one per x)"}),
+	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "visitor-topic-creation-limit-burst", Aliases: []string{"visitor_topic_creation_limit_burst"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_TOPIC_CREATION_LIMIT_BURST"}, Value: server.DefaultVisitorTopicCreationLimitBurst, Usage: "burst of new topic creations per visitor (0 = disabled)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-topic-creation-limit-replenish", Aliases: []string{"visitor_topic_creation_limit_replenish"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_TOPIC_CREATION_LIMIT_REPLENISH"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultVisitorTopicCreationLimitReplenish), Usage: "interval at which topic-creation tokens are refilled (one per x)"}),
+	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "visitor-prefix-bits-ipv4", Aliases: []string{"visitor_prefix_bits_ipv4"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_PREFIX_BITS_IPV4"}, Value: server.DefaultVisitorPrefixBitsIPv4, Usage: "number of bits of the IPv4 address to use for rate limiting (default: 32, full address)"}),
+	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "visitor-prefix-bits-ipv6", Aliases: []string{"visitor_prefix_bits_ipv6"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_PREFIX_BITS_IPV6"}, Value: server.DefaultVisitorPrefixBitsIPv6, Usage: "number of bits of the IPv6 address to use for rate limiting (default: 64, /64 subnet)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "ban-file", Aliases: []string{"ban_file"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_BAN_FILE"}, Value: "", Usage: "if set, append IPs of abusive visitors to this file for fail2ban to tail (empty disables)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "ban-window", Aliases: []string{"ban_window"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_BAN_WINDOW"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultBanWindow), Usage: "rolling window over which weighted strikes are counted for the ban file"}),
+	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "ban-threshold", Aliases: []string{"ban_threshold"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_BAN_THRESHOLD"}, Value: server.DefaultBanThreshold, Usage: "weighted strikes per window before an offender is banned"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringSliceFlag(&cli.StringSliceFlag{Name: "ban-weights", Aliases: []string{"ban_weights"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_BAN_WEIGHTS"}, Value: cli.NewStringSlice(server.DefaultBanWeights...), Usage: "per-code strike weights as KEY:WEIGHT, where KEY is an ntfy code, an HTTP status, a PREFIX*, or '*' (weight 0 exempts)"}),
+	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "behind-proxy", Aliases: []string{"behind_proxy", "P"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_BEHIND_PROXY"}, Value: false, Usage: "if set, use forwarded header (e.g. X-Forwarded-For, X-Client-IP) to determine visitor IP address (for rate limiting)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "proxy-forwarded-header", Aliases: []string{"proxy_forwarded_header"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_PROXY_FORWARDED_HEADER"}, Value: "X-Forwarded-For", Usage: "use specified header to determine visitor IP address (for rate limiting)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "proxy-trusted-hosts", Aliases: []string{"proxy_trusted_hosts"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_PROXY_TRUSTED_HOSTS"}, Value: "", Usage: "comma-separated list of trusted IP addresses, hosts, or CIDRs to remove from forwarded header"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "stripe-secret-key", Aliases: []string{"stripe_secret_key"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_STRIPE_SECRET_KEY"}, Value: "", Usage: "key used for the Stripe API communication, this enables payments"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "stripe-webhook-key", Aliases: []string{"stripe_webhook_key"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_STRIPE_WEBHOOK_KEY"}, Value: "", Usage: "key required to validate the authenticity of incoming webhooks from Stripe"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "billing-contact", Aliases: []string{"billing_contact"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_BILLING_CONTACT"}, Value: "", Usage: "e-mail or website to display in upgrade dialog (only if payments are enabled)"}),
+	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "enable-metrics", Aliases: []string{"enable_metrics"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_ENABLE_METRICS"}, Value: false, Usage: "if set, Prometheus metrics are exposed via the /metrics endpoint"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "metrics-listen-http", Aliases: []string{"metrics_listen_http"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_METRICS_LISTEN_HTTP"}, Usage: "ip:port used to expose the metrics endpoint (implicitly enables metrics)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "profile-listen-http", Aliases: []string{"profile_listen_http"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_PROFILE_LISTEN_HTTP"}, Usage: "ip:port used to expose the profiling endpoints (implicitly enables profiling)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "web-push-public-key", Aliases: []string{"web_push_public_key"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_WEB_PUSH_PUBLIC_KEY"}, Usage: "public key used for web push notifications"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "web-push-private-key", Aliases: []string{"web_push_private_key"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_WEB_PUSH_PRIVATE_KEY"}, Usage: "private key used for web push notifications"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "web-push-file", Aliases: []string{"web_push_file"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_WEB_PUSH_FILE"}, Usage: "file used to store web push subscriptions"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "web-push-email-address", Aliases: []string{"web_push_email_address"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_WEB_PUSH_EMAIL_ADDRESS"}, Usage: "e-mail address of sender, required to use browser push services"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "web-push-startup-queries", Aliases: []string{"web_push_startup_queries"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_WEB_PUSH_STARTUP_QUERIES"}, Usage: "queries run when the web push database is initialized"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "web-push-expiry-duration", Aliases: []string{"web_push_expiry_duration"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_WEB_PUSH_EXPIRY_DURATION"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultWebPushExpiryDuration), Usage: "automatically expire unused subscriptions after this time"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "web-push-expiry-warning-duration", Aliases: []string{"web_push_expiry_warning_duration"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_WEB_PUSH_EXPIRY_WARNING_DURATION"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultWebPushExpiryWarningDuration), Usage: "send web push warning notification after this time before expiring unused subscriptions"}),
 )
 
 var cmdServe = &cli.Command{
@@ -111,7 +147,7 @@ func execServe(c *cli.Context) error {
 
 	// Read all the options
 	config := c.String("config")
-	baseURL := c.String("base-url")
+	baseURL := strings.TrimSuffix(c.String("base-url"), "/")
 	listenHTTP := c.String("listen-http")
 	listenHTTPS := c.String("listen-https")
 	listenUnix := c.String("listen-unix")
@@ -119,50 +155,179 @@ func execServe(c *cli.Context) error {
 	keyFile := c.String("key-file")
 	certFile := c.String("cert-file")
 	firebaseKeyFile := c.String("firebase-key-file")
+	databaseURL := c.String("database-url")
+	databaseReplicaURLs := c.StringSlice("database-replica-urls")
+	webPushPrivateKey := c.String("web-push-private-key")
+	webPushPublicKey := c.String("web-push-public-key")
+	webPushFile := c.String("web-push-file")
+	webPushEmailAddress := c.String("web-push-email-address")
+	webPushStartupQueries := c.String("web-push-startup-queries")
+	webPushExpiryDurationStr := c.String("web-push-expiry-duration")
+	webPushExpiryWarningDurationStr := c.String("web-push-expiry-warning-duration")
 	cacheFile := c.String("cache-file")
-	cacheDuration := c.Duration("cache-duration")
+	cacheDurationStr := c.String("cache-duration")
 	cacheStartupQueries := c.String("cache-startup-queries")
 	cacheBatchSize := c.Int("cache-batch-size")
-	cacheBatchTimeout := c.Duration("cache-batch-timeout")
+	cacheBatchTimeoutStr := c.String("cache-batch-timeout")
 	authFile := c.String("auth-file")
 	authStartupQueries := c.String("auth-startup-queries")
 	authDefaultAccess := c.String("auth-default-access")
+	authUsersRaw := c.StringSlice("auth-users")
+	authAccessRaw := c.StringSlice("auth-access")
+	authTokensRaw := c.StringSlice("auth-tokens")
+	authAccessCacheEnabled := c.Bool("auth-access-cache")
 	attachmentCacheDir := c.String("attachment-cache-dir")
 	attachmentTotalSizeLimitStr := c.String("attachment-total-size-limit")
 	attachmentFileSizeLimitStr := c.String("attachment-file-size-limit")
-	attachmentExpiryDuration := c.Duration("attachment-expiry-duration")
-	keepaliveInterval := c.Duration("keepalive-interval")
-	managerInterval := c.Duration("manager-interval")
+	attachmentExpiryDurationStr := c.String("attachment-expiry-duration")
+	templateDir := c.String("template-dir")
+	keepaliveIntervalStr := c.String("keepalive-interval")
+	managerIntervalStr := c.String("manager-interval")
 	disallowedTopics := c.StringSlice("disallowed-topics")
 	webRoot := c.String("web-root")
 	enableSignup := c.Bool("enable-signup")
 	enableLogin := c.Bool("enable-login")
+	requireLogin := c.Bool("require-login")
 	enableReservations := c.Bool("enable-reservations")
 	upstreamBaseURL := c.String("upstream-base-url")
+	upstreamAccessToken := c.String("upstream-access-token")
 	smtpSenderAddr := c.String("smtp-sender-addr")
 	smtpSenderUser := c.String("smtp-sender-user")
 	smtpSenderPass := c.String("smtp-sender-pass")
 	smtpSenderFrom := c.String("smtp-sender-from")
+	smtpSenderVerify := c.Bool("smtp-sender-verify")
 	smtpServerListen := c.String("smtp-server-listen")
 	smtpServerDomain := c.String("smtp-server-domain")
 	smtpServerAddrPrefix := c.String("smtp-server-addr-prefix")
+	twilioAccount := c.String("twilio-account")
+	twilioAuthToken := c.String("twilio-auth-token")
+	twilioPhoneNumber := c.String("twilio-phone-number")
+	twilioVerifyService := c.String("twilio-verify-service")
+	twilioCallFormat := c.String("twilio-call-format")
+	messageSizeLimitStr := c.String("message-size-limit")
+	messageDelayLimitStr := c.String("message-delay-limit")
 	totalTopicLimit := c.Int("global-topic-limit")
 	visitorSubscriptionLimit := c.Int("visitor-subscription-limit")
+	visitorSubscriberRateLimiting := c.Bool("visitor-subscriber-rate-limiting")
 	visitorAttachmentTotalSizeLimitStr := c.String("visitor-attachment-total-size-limit")
 	visitorAttachmentDailyBandwidthLimitStr := c.String("visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit")
 	visitorRequestLimitBurst := c.Int("visitor-request-limit-burst")
-	visitorRequestLimitReplenish := c.Duration("visitor-request-limit-replenish")
+	visitorRequestLimitReplenishStr := c.String("visitor-request-limit-replenish")
 	visitorRequestLimitExemptHosts := util.SplitNoEmpty(c.String("visitor-request-limit-exempt-hosts"), ",")
 	visitorMessageDailyLimit := c.Int("visitor-message-daily-limit")
 	visitorEmailLimitBurst := c.Int("visitor-email-limit-burst")
-	visitorEmailLimitReplenish := c.Duration("visitor-email-limit-replenish")
+	visitorEmailLimitReplenishStr := c.String("visitor-email-limit-replenish")
+	visitorTopicCreationLimitBurst := c.Int("visitor-topic-creation-limit-burst")
+	visitorTopicCreationLimitReplenishStr := c.String("visitor-topic-creation-limit-replenish")
+	visitorPrefixBitsIPv4 := c.Int("visitor-prefix-bits-ipv4")
+	visitorPrefixBitsIPv6 := c.Int("visitor-prefix-bits-ipv6")
+	banFile := c.String("ban-file")
+	banWindowStr := c.String("ban-window")
+	banThreshold := c.Int("ban-threshold")
+	banWeightsRaw := c.StringSlice("ban-weights")
 	behindProxy := c.Bool("behind-proxy")
+	proxyForwardedHeader := c.String("proxy-forwarded-header")
+	proxyTrustedHosts := util.SplitNoEmpty(c.String("proxy-trusted-hosts"), ",")
 	stripeSecretKey := c.String("stripe-secret-key")
 	stripeWebhookKey := c.String("stripe-webhook-key")
+	billingContact := c.String("billing-contact")
+	metricsListenHTTP := c.String("metrics-listen-http")
+	enableMetrics := c.Bool("enable-metrics") || metricsListenHTTP != ""
+	profileListenHTTP := c.String("profile-listen-http")
+
+	// Convert durations
+	cacheDuration, err := util.ParseDuration(cacheDurationStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid cache duration: %s", cacheDurationStr)
+	}
+	cacheBatchTimeout, err := util.ParseDuration(cacheBatchTimeoutStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid cache batch timeout: %s", cacheBatchTimeoutStr)
+	}
+	attachmentExpiryDuration, err := util.ParseDuration(attachmentExpiryDurationStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid attachment expiry duration: %s", attachmentExpiryDurationStr)
+	}
+	keepaliveInterval, err := util.ParseDuration(keepaliveIntervalStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid keepalive interval: %s", keepaliveIntervalStr)
+	}
+	managerInterval, err := util.ParseDuration(managerIntervalStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid manager interval: %s", managerIntervalStr)
+	}
+	messageDelayLimit, err := util.ParseDuration(messageDelayLimitStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid message delay limit: %s", messageDelayLimitStr)
+	}
+	visitorRequestLimitReplenish, err := util.ParseDuration(visitorRequestLimitReplenishStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid visitor request limit replenish: %s", visitorRequestLimitReplenishStr)
+	}
+	visitorEmailLimitReplenish, err := util.ParseDuration(visitorEmailLimitReplenishStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid visitor email limit replenish: %s", visitorEmailLimitReplenishStr)
+	}
+	visitorTopicCreationLimitReplenish, err := util.ParseDuration(visitorTopicCreationLimitReplenishStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid visitor topic creation limit replenish: %s", visitorTopicCreationLimitReplenishStr)
+	}
+	webPushExpiryDuration, err := util.ParseDuration(webPushExpiryDurationStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid web push expiry duration: %s", webPushExpiryDurationStr)
+	}
+	webPushExpiryWarningDuration, err := util.ParseDuration(webPushExpiryWarningDurationStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid web push expiry warning duration: %s", webPushExpiryWarningDurationStr)
+	}
+	banWindow, err := util.ParseDuration(banWindowStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid ban window: %s", banWindowStr)
+	}
+
+	// Parse abuse ban-feed weights ("KEY:WEIGHT" list, "*" fallback)
+	banWeights, err := ban.ParseWeights(banWeightsRaw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Convert sizes to bytes
+	messageSizeLimit, err := util.ParseSize(messageSizeLimitStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid message size limit: %s", messageSizeLimitStr)
+	}
+	attachmentTotalSizeLimit, err := util.ParseSize(attachmentTotalSizeLimitStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid attachment total size limit: %s", attachmentTotalSizeLimitStr)
+	}
+	attachmentFileSizeLimit, err := util.ParseSize(attachmentFileSizeLimitStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid attachment file size limit: %s", attachmentFileSizeLimitStr)
+	}
+	visitorAttachmentTotalSizeLimit, err := util.ParseSize(visitorAttachmentTotalSizeLimitStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid visitor attachment total size limit: %s", visitorAttachmentTotalSizeLimitStr)
+	}
+	visitorAttachmentDailyBandwidthLimit, err := util.ParseSize(visitorAttachmentDailyBandwidthLimitStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid visitor attachment daily bandwidth limit: %s", visitorAttachmentDailyBandwidthLimitStr)
+	} else if visitorAttachmentDailyBandwidthLimit > math.MaxInt {
+		return fmt.Errorf("config option visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit must be lower than %d", math.MaxInt)
+	}
 
 	// Check values
-	if firebaseKeyFile != "" && !util.FileExists(firebaseKeyFile) {
+	if databaseURL != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(databaseURL, "postgres://") && !strings.HasPrefix(databaseURL, "postgresql://") {
+		return errors.New("if database-url is set, it must start with postgres:// or postgresql://")
+	} else if databaseURL != "" && (authFile != "" || cacheFile != "" || webPushFile != "") {
+		return errors.New("if database-url is set, auth-file, cache-file, and web-push-file must not be set")
+	} else if len(databaseReplicaURLs) > 0 && databaseURL == "" {
+		return errors.New("database-replica-urls can only be used if database-url is also set")
+	} else if firebaseKeyFile != "" && !util.FileExists(firebaseKeyFile) {
 		return errors.New("if set, FCM key file must exist")
+	} else if firebaseKeyFile != "" && !server.FirebaseAvailable {
+		return errors.New("cannot set firebase-key-file, support for Firebase is not available (nofirebase)")
+	} else if webPushPublicKey != "" && (webPushPrivateKey == "" || (webPushFile == "" && databaseURL == "") || webPushEmailAddress == "" || baseURL == "") {
+		return errors.New("if web push is enabled, web-push-private-key, web-push-public-key, web-push-file (or database-url), web-push-email-address, and base-url should be set. run 'ntfy webpush keys' to generate keys")
 	} else if keepaliveInterval < 5*time.Second {
 		return errors.New("keepalive interval cannot be lower than five seconds")
 	} else if managerInterval < 5*time.Second {
@@ -175,18 +340,23 @@ func execServe(c *cli.Context) error {
 		return errors.New("if set, certificate file must exist")
 	} else if listenHTTPS != "" && (keyFile == "" || certFile == "") {
 		return errors.New("if listen-https is set, both key-file and cert-file must be set")
-	} else if smtpSenderAddr != "" && (baseURL == "" || smtpSenderUser == "" || smtpSenderPass == "" || smtpSenderFrom == "") {
-		return errors.New("if smtp-sender-addr is set, base-url, smtp-sender-user, smtp-sender-pass and smtp-sender-from must also be set")
+	} else if smtpSenderAddr != "" && (baseURL == "" || smtpSenderFrom == "") {
+		return errors.New("if smtp-sender-addr is set, base-url, and smtp-sender-from must also be set")
+	} else if smtpSenderVerify && smtpSenderAddr == "" {
+		return errors.New("if smtp-sender-verify is set, smtp-sender-addr must also be set")
 	} else if smtpServerListen != "" && smtpServerDomain == "" {
 		return errors.New("if smtp-server-listen is set, smtp-server-domain must also be set")
 	} else if attachmentCacheDir != "" && baseURL == "" {
 		return errors.New("if attachment-cache-dir is set, base-url must also be set")
-	} else if baseURL != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(baseURL, "http://") && !strings.HasPrefix(baseURL, "https://") {
-		return errors.New("if set, base-url must start with http:// or https://")
-	} else if baseURL != "" && strings.HasSuffix(baseURL, "/") {
-		return errors.New("if set, base-url must not end with a slash (/)")
-	} else if !util.Contains([]string{"app", "home", "disable"}, webRoot) {
-		return errors.New("if set, web-root must be 'home' or 'app'")
+	} else if baseURL != "" {
+		u, err := url.Parse(baseURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("if set, base-url must be a valid URL, e.g. https://ntfy.mydomain.com: %v", err)
+		} else if u.Scheme != "http" && u.Scheme != "https" {
+			return errors.New("if set, base-url must be a valid URL starting with http:// or https://, e.g. https://ntfy.mydomain.com")
+		} else if u.Path != "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("if set, base-url must not have a path (%s), as hosting ntfy on a sub-path is not supported, e.g. https://ntfy.mydomain.com", u.Path)
+		}
 	} else if upstreamBaseURL != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(upstreamBaseURL, "http://") && !strings.HasPrefix(upstreamBaseURL, "https://") {
 		return errors.New("if set, upstream-base-url must start with http:// or https://")
 	} else if upstreamBaseURL != "" && strings.HasSuffix(upstreamBaseURL, "/") {
@@ -195,62 +365,112 @@ func execServe(c *cli.Context) error {
 		return errors.New("if upstream-base-url is set, base-url must also be set")
 	} else if upstreamBaseURL != "" && baseURL != "" && baseURL == upstreamBaseURL {
 		return errors.New("base-url and upstream-base-url cannot be identical, you'll likely want to set upstream-base-url to https://ntfy.sh, see https://ntfy.sh/docs/config/#ios-instant-notifications")
-	} else if authFile == "" && (enableSignup || enableLogin || enableReservations || stripeSecretKey != "") {
-		return errors.New("cannot set enable-signup, enable-login, enable-reserve-topics, or stripe-secret-key if auth-file is not set")
+	} else if authFile == "" && databaseURL == "" && (enableSignup || enableLogin || requireLogin || enableReservations || stripeSecretKey != "") {
+		return errors.New("cannot set enable-signup, enable-login, require-login, enable-reserve-topics, or stripe-secret-key if auth-file or database-url is not set")
 	} else if enableSignup && !enableLogin {
 		return errors.New("cannot set enable-signup without also setting enable-login")
+	} else if requireLogin && !enableLogin {
+		return errors.New("cannot set require-login without also setting enable-login")
+	} else if !payments.Available && (stripeSecretKey != "" || stripeWebhookKey != "") {
+		return errors.New("cannot set stripe-secret-key or stripe-webhook-key, support for payments is not available in this build (nopayments)")
 	} else if stripeSecretKey != "" && (stripeWebhookKey == "" || baseURL == "") {
 		return errors.New("if stripe-secret-key is set, stripe-webhook-key and base-url must also be set")
+	} else if twilioAccount != "" && (twilioAuthToken == "" || twilioPhoneNumber == "" || twilioVerifyService == "" || baseURL == "" || (authFile == "" && databaseURL == "")) {
+		return errors.New("if twilio-account is set, twilio-auth-token, twilio-phone-number, twilio-verify-service, base-url, and auth-file (or database-url) must also be set")
+	} else if messageSizeLimit > server.DefaultMessageSizeLimit {
+		log.Warn("message-size-limit is greater than 4K, this is not recommended and largely untested, and may lead to issues with some clients")
+		if messageSizeLimit > 5*1024*1024 {
+			return errors.New("message-size-limit cannot be higher than 5M")
+		}
+	} else if !server.WebPushAvailable && (webPushPrivateKey != "" || webPushPublicKey != "" || webPushFile != "") {
+		return errors.New("cannot enable WebPush, support is not available in this build (nowebpush)")
+	} else if webPushExpiryWarningDuration > 0 && webPushExpiryWarningDuration > webPushExpiryDuration {
+		return errors.New("web push expiry warning duration cannot be higher than web push expiry duration")
+	} else if behindProxy && proxyForwardedHeader == "" {
+		return errors.New("if behind-proxy is set, proxy-forwarded-header must also be set")
+	} else if visitorPrefixBitsIPv4 < 1 || visitorPrefixBitsIPv4 > 32 {
+		return errors.New("visitor-prefix-bits-ipv4 must be between 1 and 32")
+	} else if visitorPrefixBitsIPv6 < 1 || visitorPrefixBitsIPv6 > 128 {
+		return errors.New("visitor-prefix-bits-ipv6 must be between 1 and 128")
+	} else if banFile != "" && banWindow <= 0 {
+		return errors.New("if ban-file is set, ban-window must be greater than zero")
+	} else if banFile != "" && banThreshold <= 0 {
+		return errors.New("if ban-file is set, ban-threshold must be greater than zero")
+	} else if banFile != "" && len(banWeights) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("if ban-file is set, ban-weights must not be empty")
+	} else if banFile != "" && !util.FileExists(filepath.Dir(banFile)) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("if ban-file is set, its directory (%s) must exist", filepath.Dir(banFile))
+	} else if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && listenUnix != "" {
+		return errors.New("listen-unix is not supported on Windows")
 	}
 
-	webRootIsApp := webRoot == "app"
-	enableWeb := webRoot != "disable"
+	// Backwards compatibility
+	if webRoot == "app" {
+		webRoot = "/"
+	} else if webRoot == "home" {
+		webRoot = "/app"
+	} else if webRoot == "disable" {
+		webRoot = ""
+	} else if !strings.HasPrefix(webRoot, "/") {
+		webRoot = "/" + webRoot
+	}
 
-	// Default auth permissions
+	// Convert default auth permission, read provisioned users
 	authDefault, err := user.ParsePermission(authDefaultAccess)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.New("if set, auth-default-access must start set to 'read-write', 'read-only', 'write-only' or 'deny-all'")
 	}
+	authUsers, err := parseUsers(authUsersRaw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	authAccess, err := parseAccess(authUsers, authAccessRaw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	authTokens, err := parseTokens(authUsers, authTokensRaw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	// Special case: Unset default
 	if listenHTTP == "-" {
 		listenHTTP = ""
 	}
 
-	// Convert sizes to bytes
-	attachmentTotalSizeLimit, err := parseSize(attachmentTotalSizeLimitStr, server.DefaultAttachmentTotalSizeLimit)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	attachmentFileSizeLimit, err := parseSize(attachmentFileSizeLimitStr, server.DefaultAttachmentFileSizeLimit)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	visitorAttachmentTotalSizeLimit, err := parseSize(visitorAttachmentTotalSizeLimitStr, server.DefaultVisitorAttachmentTotalSizeLimit)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	visitorAttachmentDailyBandwidthLimit, err := parseSize(visitorAttachmentDailyBandwidthLimitStr, server.DefaultVisitorAttachmentDailyBandwidthLimit)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	} else if visitorAttachmentDailyBandwidthLimit > math.MaxInt {
-		return fmt.Errorf("config option visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit must be lower than %d", math.MaxInt)
-	}
-
 	// Resolve hosts
-	visitorRequestLimitExemptIPs := make([]netip.Prefix, 0)
+	visitorRequestLimitExemptPrefixes := make([]netip.Prefix, 0)
 	for _, host := range visitorRequestLimitExemptHosts {
-		ips, err := parseIPHostPrefix(host)
+		prefixes, err := parseIPHostPrefix(host)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warn("cannot resolve host %s: %s, ignoring visitor request exemption", host, err.Error())
 			continue
 		}
-		visitorRequestLimitExemptIPs = append(visitorRequestLimitExemptIPs, ips...)
+		visitorRequestLimitExemptPrefixes = append(visitorRequestLimitExemptPrefixes, prefixes...)
+	}
+
+	// Parse trusted prefixes
+	trustedProxyPrefixes := make([]netip.Prefix, 0)
+	for _, host := range proxyTrustedHosts {
+		prefixes, err := parseIPHostPrefix(host)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot resolve trusted proxy host %s: %s", host, err.Error())
+		}
+		trustedProxyPrefixes = append(trustedProxyPrefixes, prefixes...)
 	}
 
 	// Stripe things
 	if stripeSecretKey != "" {
-		stripe.Key = stripeSecretKey
+		payments.Setup(stripeSecretKey)
+	}
+
+	// Parse Twilio template
+	var twilioCallFormatTemplate *template.Template
+	if twilioCallFormat != "" {
+		twilioCallFormatTemplate, err = template.New("").Parse(twilioCallFormat)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse twilio-call-format template: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Add default forbidden topics
@@ -275,40 +495,88 @@ func execServe(c *cli.Context) error {
 	conf.AuthFile = authFile
 	conf.AuthStartupQueries = authStartupQueries
 	conf.AuthDefault = authDefault
+	conf.AuthUsers = authUsers
+	conf.AuthAccess = authAccess
+	conf.AuthTokens = authTokens
+	conf.AuthAccessCacheEnabled = authAccessCacheEnabled
 	conf.AttachmentCacheDir = attachmentCacheDir
 	conf.AttachmentTotalSizeLimit = attachmentTotalSizeLimit
 	conf.AttachmentFileSizeLimit = attachmentFileSizeLimit
 	conf.AttachmentExpiryDuration = attachmentExpiryDuration
+	conf.TemplateDir = templateDir
 	conf.KeepaliveInterval = keepaliveInterval
 	conf.ManagerInterval = managerInterval
 	conf.DisallowedTopics = disallowedTopics
-	conf.WebRootIsApp = webRootIsApp
+	conf.WebRoot = webRoot
 	conf.UpstreamBaseURL = upstreamBaseURL
+	conf.UpstreamAccessToken = upstreamAccessToken
 	conf.SMTPSenderAddr = smtpSenderAddr
 	conf.SMTPSenderUser = smtpSenderUser
 	conf.SMTPSenderPass = smtpSenderPass
 	conf.SMTPSenderFrom = smtpSenderFrom
+	conf.SMTPSenderVerify = smtpSenderVerify
 	conf.SMTPServerListen = smtpServerListen
 	conf.SMTPServerDomain = smtpServerDomain
 	conf.SMTPServerAddrPrefix = smtpServerAddrPrefix
+	conf.TwilioAccount = twilioAccount
+	conf.TwilioAuthToken = twilioAuthToken
+	conf.TwilioPhoneNumber = twilioPhoneNumber
+	conf.TwilioVerifyService = twilioVerifyService
+	conf.TwilioCallFormat = twilioCallFormatTemplate
+	conf.MessageSizeLimit = int(messageSizeLimit)
+	conf.MessageDelayMax = messageDelayLimit
 	conf.TotalTopicLimit = totalTopicLimit
 	conf.VisitorSubscriptionLimit = visitorSubscriptionLimit
+	conf.VisitorSubscriberRateLimiting = visitorSubscriberRateLimiting
 	conf.VisitorAttachmentTotalSizeLimit = visitorAttachmentTotalSizeLimit
 	conf.VisitorAttachmentDailyBandwidthLimit = visitorAttachmentDailyBandwidthLimit
 	conf.VisitorRequestLimitBurst = visitorRequestLimitBurst
 	conf.VisitorRequestLimitReplenish = visitorRequestLimitReplenish
-	conf.VisitorRequestExemptIPAddrs = visitorRequestLimitExemptIPs
+	conf.VisitorRequestExemptPrefixes = visitorRequestLimitExemptPrefixes
 	conf.VisitorMessageDailyLimit = visitorMessageDailyLimit
 	conf.VisitorEmailLimitBurst = visitorEmailLimitBurst
 	conf.VisitorEmailLimitReplenish = visitorEmailLimitReplenish
+	conf.VisitorTopicCreationLimitBurst = visitorTopicCreationLimitBurst
+	conf.VisitorTopicCreationLimitReplenish = visitorTopicCreationLimitReplenish
+	conf.VisitorPrefixBitsIPv4 = visitorPrefixBitsIPv4
+	conf.VisitorPrefixBitsIPv6 = visitorPrefixBitsIPv6
+	conf.BanFile = banFile
+	conf.BanWindow = banWindow
+	conf.BanThreshold = banThreshold
+	conf.BanWeights = banWeights
 	conf.BehindProxy = behindProxy
+	conf.ProxyForwardedHeader = proxyForwardedHeader
+	conf.ProxyTrustedPrefixes = trustedProxyPrefixes
 	conf.StripeSecretKey = stripeSecretKey
 	conf.StripeWebhookKey = stripeWebhookKey
-	conf.EnableWeb = enableWeb
+	conf.BillingContact = billingContact
 	conf.EnableSignup = enableSignup
 	conf.EnableLogin = enableLogin
+	conf.RequireLogin = requireLogin
 	conf.EnableReservations = enableReservations
-	conf.Version = c.App.Version
+	conf.EnableMetrics = enableMetrics
+	conf.MetricsListenHTTP = metricsListenHTTP
+	conf.ProfileListenHTTP = profileListenHTTP
+	conf.DatabaseURL = databaseURL
+	conf.DatabaseReplicaURLs = databaseReplicaURLs
+	conf.WebPushPrivateKey = webPushPrivateKey
+	conf.WebPushPublicKey = webPushPublicKey
+	conf.WebPushFile = webPushFile
+	conf.WebPushEmailAddress = webPushEmailAddress
+	conf.WebPushStartupQueries = webPushStartupQueries
+	conf.WebPushExpiryDuration = webPushExpiryDuration
+	conf.WebPushExpiryWarningDuration = webPushExpiryWarningDuration
+	conf.BuildVersion = c.App.Version
+	conf.BuildDate = maybeFromMetadata(c.App.Metadata, MetadataKeyDate)
+	conf.BuildCommit = maybeFromMetadata(c.App.Metadata, MetadataKeyCommit)
+
+	// Check if we should run as a Windows service
+	if ranAsService, err := maybeRunAsService(conf); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("%s", err.Error())
+	} else if ranAsService {
+		log.Info("Exiting.")
+		return nil
+	}
 
 	// Set up hot-reloading of config
 	go sigHandlerConfigReload(config)
@@ -316,43 +584,16 @@ func execServe(c *cli.Context) error {
 	// Run server
 	s, err := server.New(conf)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err.Error())
+		log.Fatal("%s", err.Error())
 	} else if err := s.Run(); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err.Error())
+		log.Fatal("%s", err.Error())
 	}
 	log.Info("Exiting.")
 	return nil
 }
 
-func parseSize(s string, defaultValue int64) (v int64, err error) {
-	if s == "" {
-		return defaultValue, nil
-	}
-	v, err = util.ParseSize(s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return v, nil
-}
-
-func sigHandlerConfigReload(config string) {
-	sigs := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	signal.Notify(sigs, syscall.SIGHUP)
-	for range sigs {
-		log.Info("Partially hot reloading configuration ...")
-		inputSource, err := newYamlSourceFromFile(config, flagsServe)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warn("Hot reload failed: %s", err.Error())
-			continue
-		}
-		if err := reloadLogLevel(inputSource); err != nil {
-			log.Warn("Reloading log level failed: %s", err.Error())
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func parseIPHostPrefix(host string) (prefixes []netip.Prefix, err error) {
-	// Try parsing as prefix, e.g. 10.0.1.0/24
+	// Try parsing as prefix, e.g. 10.0.1.0/24 or 2001:db8::/32
 	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(host)
 	if err == nil {
 		prefixes = append(prefixes, prefix.Masked())
@@ -376,24 +617,123 @@ func parseIPHostPrefix(host string) (prefixes []netip.Prefix, err error) {
 	return
 }
 
-func reloadLogLevel(inputSource altsrc.InputSourceContext) error {
-	newLevelStr, err := inputSource.String("log-level")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot load log level: %s", err.Error())
+func parseUsers(usersRaw []string) ([]*user.User, error) {
+	users := make([]*user.User, 0)
+	for _, userLine := range usersRaw {
+		parts := strings.Split(userLine, ":")
+		if len(parts) != 3 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-users: %s, expected format: 'name:hash:role'", userLine)
+		}
+		username := strings.TrimSpace(parts[0])
+		passwordHash := strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
+		role := user.Role(strings.TrimSpace(parts[2]))
+		if !user.AllowedUsername(username) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-users: %s, username invalid", userLine)
+		} else if err := user.ValidPasswordHash(passwordHash, user.DefaultUserPasswordBcryptCost); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-users: %s, password hash invalid, %s", userLine, err.Error())
+		} else if !user.AllowedRole(role) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-users: %s, role %s is not allowed, allowed roles are 'admin' or 'user'", userLine, role)
+		}
+		users = append(users, &user.User{
+			Name:        username,
+			Hash:        passwordHash,
+			Role:        role,
+			Provisioned: true,
+		})
 	}
-	overrides, err := inputSource.StringSlice("log-level-overrides")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot load log level overrides (1): %s", err.Error())
+	return users, nil
+}
+
+func parseAccess(users []*user.User, accessRaw []string) (map[string][]*user.Grant, error) {
+	access := make(map[string][]*user.Grant)
+	for _, accessLine := range accessRaw {
+		parts := strings.Split(accessLine, ":")
+		if len(parts) != 3 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-access: %s, expected format: 'user:topic:permission'", accessLine)
+		}
+		username := strings.TrimSpace(parts[0])
+		if username == userEveryone {
+			username = user.Everyone
+		}
+		u, exists := util.Find(users, func(u *user.User) bool {
+			return u.Name == username
+		})
+		if username != user.Everyone {
+			if !exists {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-access: %s, user %s is not provisioned", accessLine, username)
+			} else if !user.AllowedUsername(username) {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-access: %s, username %s invalid", accessLine, username)
+			} else if u.Role != user.RoleUser {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-access: %s, user %s is not a regular user, only regular users can have ACL entries", accessLine, username)
+			}
+		}
+		topic := strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
+		if !user.AllowedTopicPattern(topic) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-access: %s, topic pattern %s invalid", accessLine, topic)
+		}
+		permission, err := user.ParsePermission(strings.TrimSpace(parts[2]))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-access: %s, permission %s invalid, %s", accessLine, parts[2], err.Error())
+		}
+		if _, exists := access[username]; !exists {
+			access[username] = make([]*user.Grant, 0)
+		}
+		access[username] = append(access[username], &user.Grant{
+			TopicPattern: topic,
+			Permission:   permission,
+			Provisioned:  true,
+		})
 	}
-	log.ResetLevelOverrides()
-	if err := applyLogLevelOverrides(overrides); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot load log level overrides (2): %s", err.Error())
+	return access, nil
+}
+
+func parseTokens(users []*user.User, tokensRaw []string) (map[string][]*user.Token, error) {
+	tokens := make(map[string][]*user.Token)
+	for _, tokenLine := range tokensRaw {
+		parts := strings.Split(tokenLine, ":")
+		if len(parts) < 2 || len(parts) > 3 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-tokens: %s, expected format: 'user:token[:label]'", tokenLine)
+		}
+		username := strings.TrimSpace(parts[0])
+		_, exists := util.Find(users, func(u *user.User) bool {
+			return u.Name == username
+		})
+		if !exists {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-tokens: %s, user %s is not provisioned", tokenLine, username)
+		} else if !user.AllowedUsername(username) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-tokens: %s, username %s invalid", tokenLine, username)
+		}
+		token := strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
+		if !user.ValidToken(token) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid auth-tokens: %s, token %s invalid, use 'ntfy token generate' to generate a random token", tokenLine, token)
+		}
+		var label string
+		if len(parts) > 2 {
+			label = parts[2]
+		}
+		if _, exists := tokens[username]; !exists {
+			tokens[username] = make([]*user.Token, 0)
+		}
+		tokens[username] = append(tokens[username], &user.Token{
+			Value:       token,
+			Label:       label,
+			Provisioned: true,
+		})
 	}
-	log.SetLevel(log.ToLevel(newLevelStr))
-	if len(overrides) > 0 {
-		log.Info("Log level is %v, %d override(s) in place", strings.ToUpper(newLevelStr), len(overrides))
-	} else {
-		log.Info("Log level is %v", strings.ToUpper(newLevelStr))
+	return tokens, nil
+}
+
+func maybeFromMetadata(m map[string]any, key string) string {
+	if m == nil {
+		return ""
 	}
-	return nil
+	v, exists := m[key]
+	if !exists {
+		return ""
+	}
+	s, ok := v.(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return s
 }

cmd/serve_test.go

@@ -12,13 +12,461 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/client"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/test"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/client"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/test"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/user"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 )
 
-func init() {
-	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixMilli())
+func TestParseUsers_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    []string
+		expected []*user.User
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "single user",
+			input: []string{"alice:$2a$10$320YlQeaMghYZsvtu9jzfOQZS32FysWY/T9qu5NWqcIh.DN.u5P5S:user"},
+			expected: []*user.User{
+				{
+					Name:        "alice",
+					Hash:        "$2a$10$320YlQeaMghYZsvtu9jzfOQZS32FysWY/T9qu5NWqcIh.DN.u5P5S",
+					Role:        user.RoleUser,
+					Provisioned: true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multiple users with different roles",
+			input: []string{
+				"alice:$2a$10$320YlQeaMghYZsvtu9jzfOQZS32FysWY/T9qu5NWqcIh.DN.u5P5S:user",
+				"bob:$2a$10$jIcuBWcbxd6oW1aPvoJ5iOShzu3/UJ2kSxKbTZtDypG06nBflQagq:admin",
+			},
+			expected: []*user.User{
+				{
+					Name:        "alice",
+					Hash:        "$2a$10$320YlQeaMghYZsvtu9jzfOQZS32FysWY/T9qu5NWqcIh.DN.u5P5S",
+					Role:        user.RoleUser,
+					Provisioned: true,
+				},
+				{
+					Name:        "bob",
+					Hash:        "$2a$10$jIcuBWcbxd6oW1aPvoJ5iOShzu3/UJ2kSxKbTZtDypG06nBflQagq",
+					Role:        user.RoleAdmin,
+					Provisioned: true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "empty input",
+			input:    []string{},
+			expected: []*user.User{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "user with special characters in name",
+			input: []string{"alice.test+123@example.com:$2a$10$RYUYAsl5zOnAIp6fH7BPX.Eug0rUfEUk92r8WiVusb0VK.vGojWBe:user"},
+			expected: []*user.User{
+				{
+					Name:        "alice.test+123@example.com",
+					Hash:        "$2a$10$RYUYAsl5zOnAIp6fH7BPX.Eug0rUfEUk92r8WiVusb0VK.vGojWBe",
+					Role:        user.RoleUser,
+					Provisioned: true,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := parseUsers(tt.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Len(t, result, len(tt.expected))
+
+			for i, expectedUser := range tt.expected {
+				assert.Equal(t, expectedUser.Name, result[i].Name)
+				assert.Equal(t, expectedUser.Hash, result[i].Hash)
+				assert.Equal(t, expectedUser.Role, result[i].Role)
+				assert.Equal(t, expectedUser.Provisioned, result[i].Provisioned)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseUsers_Errors(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input []string
+		error string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "invalid format - too few parts",
+			input: []string{"alice:hash"},
+			error: "invalid auth-users: alice:hash, expected format: 'name:hash:role'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "invalid format - too many parts",
+			input: []string{"alice:hash:role:extra"},
+			error: "invalid auth-users: alice:hash:role:extra, expected format: 'name:hash:role'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "invalid username",
+			input: []string{"alice@#$%:$2a$10$320YlQeaMghYZsvtu9jzfOQZS32FysWY/T9qu5NWqcIh.DN.u5P5S:user"},
+			error: "invalid auth-users: alice@#$%:$2a$10$320YlQeaMghYZsvtu9jzfOQZS32FysWY/T9qu5NWqcIh.DN.u5P5S:user, username invalid",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "invalid password hash - wrong prefix",
+			input: []string{"alice:plaintext:user"},
+			error: "invalid auth-users: alice:plaintext:user, password hash invalid, password hash must be a bcrypt hash, use 'ntfy user hash' to generate",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "invalid role",
+			input: []string{"alice:$2a$10$320YlQeaMghYZsvtu9jzfOQZS32FysWY/T9qu5NWqcIh.DN.u5P5S:invalid"},
+			error: "invalid auth-users: alice:$2a$10$320YlQeaMghYZsvtu9jzfOQZS32FysWY/T9qu5NWqcIh.DN.u5P5S:invalid, role invalid is not allowed, allowed roles are 'admin' or 'user'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "empty username",
+			input: []string{":$2a$10$320YlQeaMghYZsvtu9jzfOQZS32FysWY/T9qu5NWqcIh.DN.u5P5S:user"},
+			error: "invalid auth-users: :$2a$10$320YlQeaMghYZsvtu9jzfOQZS32FysWY/T9qu5NWqcIh.DN.u5P5S:user, username invalid",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := parseUsers(tt.input)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			require.Nil(t, result)
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.error)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseAccess_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	users := []*user.User{
+		{Name: "alice", Role: user.RoleUser},
+		{Name: "bob", Role: user.RoleUser},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		users    []*user.User
+		input    []string
+		expected map[string][]*user.Grant
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "single access entry",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:mytopic:read-write"},
+			expected: map[string][]*user.Grant{
+				"alice": {
+					{
+						TopicPattern: "mytopic",
+						Permission:   user.PermissionReadWrite,
+						Provisioned:  true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "multiple access entries for same user",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{
+				"alice:topic1:read-only",
+				"alice:topic2:write-only",
+			},
+			expected: map[string][]*user.Grant{
+				"alice": {
+					{
+						TopicPattern: "topic1",
+						Permission:   user.PermissionRead,
+						Provisioned:  true,
+					},
+					{
+						TopicPattern: "topic2",
+						Permission:   user.PermissionWrite,
+						Provisioned:  true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "access for everyone",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"everyone:publictopic:read-only"},
+			expected: map[string][]*user.Grant{
+				user.Everyone: {
+					{
+						TopicPattern: "publictopic",
+						Permission:   user.PermissionRead,
+						Provisioned:  true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "wildcard topic pattern",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:topic*:read-write"},
+			expected: map[string][]*user.Grant{
+				"alice": {
+					{
+						TopicPattern: "topic*",
+						Permission:   user.PermissionReadWrite,
+						Provisioned:  true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "empty input",
+			users:    users,
+			input:    []string{},
+			expected: map[string][]*user.Grant{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "deny-all permission",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:secretopic:deny-all"},
+			expected: map[string][]*user.Grant{
+				"alice": {
+					{
+						TopicPattern: "secretopic",
+						Permission:   user.PermissionDenyAll,
+						Provisioned:  true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := parseAccess(tt.users, tt.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseAccess_Errors(t *testing.T) {
+	users := []*user.User{
+		{Name: "alice", Role: user.RoleUser},
+		{Name: "admin", Role: user.RoleAdmin},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		users []*user.User
+		input []string
+		error string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "invalid format - too few parts",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:topic"},
+			error: "invalid auth-access: alice:topic, expected format: 'user:topic:permission'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "invalid format - too many parts",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:topic:read:extra"},
+			error: "invalid auth-access: alice:topic:read:extra, expected format: 'user:topic:permission'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "user not provisioned",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"charlie:topic:read"},
+			error: "invalid auth-access: charlie:topic:read, user charlie is not provisioned",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "admin user cannot have ACL entries",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"admin:topic:read"},
+			error: "invalid auth-access: admin:topic:read, user admin is not a regular user, only regular users can have ACL entries",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "invalid topic pattern",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:topic-with-invalid-chars!:read"},
+			error: "invalid auth-access: alice:topic-with-invalid-chars!:read, topic pattern topic-with-invalid-chars! invalid",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "invalid permission",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:topic:invalid-permission"},
+			error: "invalid auth-access: alice:topic:invalid-permission, permission invalid-permission invalid",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := parseAccess(tt.users, tt.input)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			require.Nil(t, result)
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.error)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseTokens_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	users := []*user.User{
+		{Name: "alice"},
+		{Name: "bob"},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		users    []*user.User
+		input    []string
+		expected map[string][]*user.Token
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "single token without label",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:tk_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123"},
+			expected: map[string][]*user.Token{
+				"alice": {
+					{
+						Value:       "tk_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123",
+						Label:       "",
+						Provisioned: true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "single token with label",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:tk_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123:My Phone"},
+			expected: map[string][]*user.Token{
+				"alice": {
+					{
+						Value:       "tk_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123",
+						Label:       "My Phone",
+						Provisioned: true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "multiple tokens for same user",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{
+				"alice:tk_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123:Phone",
+				"alice:tk_zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba987:Laptop",
+			},
+			expected: map[string][]*user.Token{
+				"alice": {
+					{
+						Value:       "tk_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123",
+						Label:       "Phone",
+						Provisioned: true,
+					},
+					{
+						Value:       "tk_zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba987",
+						Label:       "Laptop",
+						Provisioned: true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "tokens for multiple users",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{
+				"alice:tk_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123:Phone",
+				"bob:tk_zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba987:Tablet",
+			},
+			expected: map[string][]*user.Token{
+				"alice": {
+					{
+						Value:       "tk_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123",
+						Label:       "Phone",
+						Provisioned: true,
+					},
+				},
+				"bob": {
+					{
+						Value:       "tk_zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba987",
+						Label:       "Tablet",
+						Provisioned: true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "empty input",
+			users:    users,
+			input:    []string{},
+			expected: map[string][]*user.Token{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := parseTokens(tt.users, tt.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseTokens_Errors(t *testing.T) {
+	users := []*user.User{
+		{Name: "alice"},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		users []*user.User
+		input []string
+		error string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "invalid format - too few parts",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice"},
+			error: "invalid auth-tokens: alice, expected format: 'user:token[:label]'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "invalid format - too many parts",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:token:label:extra:parts"},
+			error: "invalid auth-tokens: alice:token:label:extra:parts, expected format: 'user:token[:label]'",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "user not provisioned",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"charlie:tk_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123"},
+			error: "invalid auth-tokens: charlie:tk_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz123, user charlie is not provisioned",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "invalid token format",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:invalid-token"},
+			error: "invalid auth-tokens: alice:invalid-token, token invalid-token invalid, use 'ntfy token generate' to generate a random token",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "token too short",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:tk_short"},
+			error: "invalid auth-tokens: alice:tk_short, token tk_short invalid, use 'ntfy token generate' to generate a random token",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "token without prefix",
+			users: users,
+			input: []string{"alice:abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz12345"},
+			error: "invalid auth-tokens: alice:abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz12345, token abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz12345 invalid, use 'ntfy token generate' to generate a random token",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := parseTokens(tt.users, tt.input)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			require.Nil(t, result)
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.error)
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func TestCLI_Serve_Unix_Curl(t *testing.T) {

cmd/serve_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+//go:build (darwin || linux || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd) && !noserver
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2/altsrc"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/server"
+)
+
+func sigHandlerConfigReload(config string) {
+	sigs := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	signal.Notify(sigs, syscall.SIGHUP)
+	for range sigs {
+		log.Info("Partially hot reloading configuration ...")
+		inputSource, err := newYamlSourceFromFile(config, flagsServe)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warn("Hot reload failed: %s", err.Error())
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := reloadLogLevel(inputSource); err != nil {
+			log.Warn("Reloading log level failed: %s", err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func reloadLogLevel(inputSource altsrc.InputSourceContext) error {
+	newLevelStr, err := inputSource.String("log-level")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	overrides, err := inputSource.StringSlice("log-level-overrides")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	log.ResetLevelOverrides()
+	if err := applyLogLevelOverrides(overrides); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	log.SetLevel(log.ToLevel(newLevelStr))
+	if len(overrides) > 0 {
+		log.Info("Log level is %v, %d override(s) in place", newLevelStr, len(overrides))
+	} else {
+		log.Info("Log level is %v", newLevelStr)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func maybeRunAsService(conf *server.Config) (bool, error) {
+	return false, nil
+}

cmd/serve_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+//go:build windows && !noserver
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows/svc"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/server"
+)
+
+const serviceName = "ntfy"
+
+// sigHandlerConfigReload is a no-op on Windows since SIGHUP is not available.
+// Windows users can restart the service to reload configuration.
+func sigHandlerConfigReload(config string) {
+	log.Debug("Config hot-reload via SIGHUP is not supported on Windows")
+}
+
+// runAsWindowsService runs the ntfy server as a Windows service
+func runAsWindowsService(conf *server.Config) error {
+	return svc.Run(serviceName, &windowsService{conf: conf})
+}
+
+// windowsService implements the svc.Handler interface
+type windowsService struct {
+	conf   *server.Config
+	server *server.Server
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+}
+
+// Execute is the main entry point for the Windows service
+func (s *windowsService) Execute(args []string, requests <-chan svc.ChangeRequest, status chan<- svc.Status) (bool, uint32) {
+	const cmdsAccepted = svc.AcceptStop | svc.AcceptShutdown
+	status <- svc.Status{State: svc.StartPending}
+
+	// Create and start the server
+	var err error
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.server, err = server.New(s.conf)
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("Failed to create server: %s", err.Error())
+		return true, 1
+	}
+
+	// Start server in a goroutine
+	serverErrChan := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		serverErrChan <- s.server.Run()
+	}()
+
+	status <- svc.Status{State: svc.Running, Accepts: cmdsAccepted}
+	log.Info("Windows service started")
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case err := <-serverErrChan:
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("Server error: %s", err.Error())
+				return true, 1
+			}
+			return false, 0
+		case req := <-requests:
+			switch req.Cmd {
+			case svc.Interrogate:
+				status <- req.CurrentStatus
+			case svc.Stop, svc.Shutdown:
+				log.Info("Windows service stopping...")
+				status <- svc.Status{State: svc.StopPending}
+				s.mu.Lock()
+				if s.server != nil {
+					s.server.Stop()
+				}
+				s.mu.Unlock()
+				return false, 0
+			default:
+				log.Warn("Unexpected service control request: %d", req.Cmd)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// maybeRunAsService checks if the process is running as a Windows service,
+// and if so, runs the server as a service. Returns true if it ran as a service.
+func maybeRunAsService(conf *server.Config) (bool, error) {
+	isService, err := svc.IsWindowsService()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to detect Windows service mode: %w", err)
+	} else if !isService {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	log.Info("Running as Windows service")
+	if err := runAsWindowsService(conf); err != nil {
+		return true, fmt.Errorf("failed to run as Windows service: %w", err)
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}

cmd/subscribe.go

@@ -3,33 +3,27 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/client"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/log"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
-	"os/user"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/client"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 )
 
 func init() {
 	commands = append(commands, cmdSubscribe)
 }
 
-const (
-	clientRootConfigFileUnixAbsolute    = "/etc/ntfy/client.yml"
-	clientUserConfigFileUnixRelative    = "ntfy/client.yml"
-	clientUserConfigFileWindowsRelative = "ntfy\\client.yml"
-)
-
 var flagsSubscribe = append(
 	append([]cli.Flag{}, flagsDefault...),
 	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "config", Aliases: []string{"c"}, Usage: "client config file"},
 	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "since", Aliases: []string{"s"}, Usage: "return events since `SINCE` (Unix timestamp, or all)"},
 	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "user", Aliases: []string{"u"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_USER"}, Usage: "username[:password] used to auth against the server"},
+	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "token", Aliases: []string{"k"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_TOKEN"}, Usage: "access token used to auth against the server"},
 	&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "from-config", Aliases: []string{"from_config", "C"}, Usage: "read subscriptions from config file (service mode)"},
 	&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "poll", Aliases: []string{"p"}, Usage: "return events and exit, do not listen for new events"},
 	&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "scheduled", Aliases: []string{"sched", "S"}, Usage: "also return scheduled/delayed events"},
@@ -71,7 +65,7 @@ ntfy subscribe TOPIC COMMAND
     $NTFY_TITLE     $title, $t            Message title
     $NTFY_PRIORITY  $priority, $prio, $p  Message priority (1=min, 5=max)
     $NTFY_TAGS      $tags, $tag, $ta      Message tags (comma separated list)
-	$NTFY_RAW       $raw                  Raw JSON message
+    $NTFY_RAW       $raw                  Raw JSON message
 
   Examples:
     ntfy sub mytopic 'notify-send "$m"'    # Execute command for incoming messages
@@ -97,11 +91,18 @@ func execSubscribe(c *cli.Context) error {
 	cl := client.New(conf)
 	since := c.String("since")
 	user := c.String("user")
+	token := c.String("token")
 	poll := c.Bool("poll")
 	scheduled := c.Bool("scheduled")
 	fromConfig := c.Bool("from-config")
 	topic := c.Args().Get(0)
 	command := c.Args().Get(1)
+
+	// Checks
+	if user != "" && token != "" {
+		return errors.New("cannot set both --user and --token")
+	}
+
 	if !fromConfig {
 		conf.Subscribe = nil // wipe if --from-config not passed
 	}
@@ -109,7 +110,9 @@ func execSubscribe(c *cli.Context) error {
 	if since != "" {
 		options = append(options, client.WithSince(since))
 	}
-	if user != "" {
+	if token != "" {
+		options = append(options, client.WithBearerAuth(token))
+	} else if user != "" {
 		var pass string
 		parts := strings.SplitN(user, ":", 2)
 		if len(parts) == 2 {
@@ -125,9 +128,10 @@ func execSubscribe(c *cli.Context) error {
 			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "\r%s\r", strings.Repeat(" ", 20))
 		}
 		options = append(options, client.WithBasicAuth(user, pass))
-	}
-	if poll {
-		options = append(options, client.WithPoll())
+	} else if conf.DefaultToken != "" {
+		options = append(options, client.WithBearerAuth(conf.DefaultToken))
+	} else if conf.DefaultUser != "" && conf.DefaultPassword != nil {
+		options = append(options, client.WithBasicAuth(conf.DefaultUser, *conf.DefaultPassword))
 	}
 	if scheduled {
 		options = append(options, client.WithScheduled())
@@ -145,6 +149,9 @@ func execSubscribe(c *cli.Context) error {
 
 func doPoll(c *cli.Context, cl *client.Client, conf *client.Config, topic, command string, options ...client.SubscribeOption) error {
 	for _, s := range conf.Subscribe { // may be nil
+		if auth := maybeAddAuthHeader(s, conf); auth != nil {
+			options = append(options, auth)
+		}
 		if err := doPollSingle(c, cl, s.Topic, s.Command, options...); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -175,22 +182,15 @@ func doSubscribe(c *cli.Context, cl *client.Client, conf *client.Config, topic,
 		for filter, value := range s.If {
 			topicOptions = append(topicOptions, client.WithFilter(filter, value))
 		}
-		var user string
-		var password *string
-		if s.User != "" {
-			user = s.User
-		} else if conf.DefaultUser != "" {
-			user = conf.DefaultUser
+
+		if auth := maybeAddAuthHeader(s, conf); auth != nil {
+			topicOptions = append(topicOptions, auth)
 		}
-		if s.Password != nil {
-			password = s.Password
-		} else if conf.DefaultPassword != nil {
-			password = conf.DefaultPassword
+
+		subscriptionID, err := cl.Subscribe(s.Topic, topicOptions...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-		if user != "" && password != nil {
-			topicOptions = append(topicOptions, client.WithBasicAuth(user, *password))
-		}
-		subscriptionID := cl.Subscribe(s.Topic, topicOptions...)
 		if s.Command != "" {
 			cmds[subscriptionID] = s.Command
 		} else if conf.DefaultCommand != "" {
@@ -200,7 +200,10 @@ func doSubscribe(c *cli.Context, cl *client.Client, conf *client.Config, topic,
 		}
 	}
 	if topic != "" {
-		subscriptionID := cl.Subscribe(topic, options...)
+		subscriptionID, err := cl.Subscribe(topic, options...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 		cmds[subscriptionID] = command
 	}
 	for m := range cl.Messages {
@@ -214,6 +217,30 @@ func doSubscribe(c *cli.Context, cl *client.Client, conf *client.Config, topic,
 	return nil
 }
 
+func maybeAddAuthHeader(s client.Subscribe, conf *client.Config) client.SubscribeOption {
+	// if an explicit empty token or empty user:pass is given, exit without auth
+	if (s.Token != nil && *s.Token == "") || (s.User != nil && *s.User == "" && s.Password != nil && *s.Password == "") {
+		return client.WithEmptyAuth()
+	}
+
+	// check for subscription token then subscription user:pass
+	if s.Token != nil && *s.Token != "" {
+		return client.WithBearerAuth(*s.Token)
+	}
+	if s.User != nil && *s.User != "" && s.Password != nil {
+		return client.WithBasicAuth(*s.User, *s.Password)
+	}
+
+	// if no subscription token nor subscription user:pass, check for default token then default user:pass
+	if conf.DefaultToken != "" {
+		return client.WithBearerAuth(conf.DefaultToken)
+	}
+	if conf.DefaultUser != "" && conf.DefaultPassword != nil {
+		return client.WithBasicAuth(conf.DefaultUser, *conf.DefaultPassword)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func printMessageOrRunCommand(c *cli.Context, m *client.Message, command string) {
 	if command != "" {
 		runCommand(c, command, m)
@@ -276,30 +303,16 @@ func loadConfig(c *cli.Context) (*client.Config, error) {
 	if filename != "" {
 		return client.LoadConfig(filename)
 	}
-	configFile := defaultClientConfigFile()
-	if s, _ := os.Stat(configFile); s != nil {
-		return client.LoadConfig(configFile)
+	if client.DefaultConfigFile != "" {
+		if s, _ := os.Stat(client.DefaultConfigFile); s != nil {
+			return client.LoadConfig(client.DefaultConfigFile)
+		}
+		log.Debug("Config file %s not found", client.DefaultConfigFile)
 	}
+	log.Debug("Loading default config")
 	return client.NewConfig(), nil
 }
 
-//lint:ignore U1000 Conditionally used in different builds
-func defaultClientConfigFileUnix() string {
-	u, _ := user.Current()
-	configFile := clientRootConfigFileUnixAbsolute
-	if u.Uid != "0" {
-		homeDir, _ := os.UserConfigDir()
-		return filepath.Join(homeDir, clientUserConfigFileUnixRelative)
-	}
-	return configFile
-}
-
-//lint:ignore U1000 Conditionally used in different builds
-func defaultClientConfigFileWindows() string {
-	homeDir, _ := os.UserConfigDir()
-	return filepath.Join(homeDir, clientUserConfigFileWindowsRelative)
-}
-
 func logMessagePrefix(m *client.Message) string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", util.ShortTopicURL(m.TopicURL), m.ID)
 }

cmd/subscribe_darwin.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
 package cmd
 
 const (
@@ -10,7 +12,3 @@ or "~/Library/Application Support/ntfy/client.yml" for all other users.`
 var (
 	scriptLauncher = []string{"sh", "-c"}
 )
-
-func defaultClientConfigFile() string {
-	return defaultClientConfigFileUnix()
-}

cmd/subscribe_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_UserPass_Subscription_Token(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Bearer tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-user: philipp
+default-password: mypass
+subscribe:
+  - topic: mytopic
+    token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_Token_Subscription_UserPass(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Basic cGhpbGlwcDpteXBhc3M=", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
+subscribe:
+  - topic: mytopic
+    user: philipp
+    password: mypass
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_Token_Subscription_Token(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Bearer tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-token: tk_FAKETOKEN01234567890FAKETOKEN
+subscribe:
+  - topic: mytopic
+    token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_UserPass_Subscription_UserPass(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Basic cGhpbGlwcDpteXBhc3M=", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-user: fake
+default-password: password
+subscribe:
+  - topic: mytopic
+    user: philipp
+    password: mypass
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_Token_Subscription_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Bearer tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
+subscribe:
+  - topic: mytopic
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_UserPass_Subscription_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Basic cGhpbGlwcDpteXBhc3M=", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-user: philipp
+default-password: mypass
+subscribe:
+  - topic: mytopic
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_Empty_Subscription_Token(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Bearer tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+subscribe:
+  - topic: mytopic
+    token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_Empty_Subscription_UserPass(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Basic cGhpbGlwcDpteXBhc3M=", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+subscribe:
+  - topic: mytopic
+    user: philipp
+    password: mypass
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_Token_CLI_Token(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Bearer tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-token: tk_FAKETOKEN0123456789FAKETOKEN
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename, "--token", "tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", "mytopic"}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_Token_CLI_UserPass(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Basic cGhpbGlwcDpteXBhc3M=", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename, "--user", "philipp:mypass", "mytopic"}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_Token_Subscription_Token_CLI_UserPass(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Bearer tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-token: tk_FAKETOKEN01234567890FAKETOKEN
+subscribe:
+  - topic: mytopic
+    token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename, "--user", "philipp:mypass"}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Token_And_UserPass(t *testing.T) {
+	app, _, _, _ := newTestApp()
+	err := app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--token", "tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", "--user", "philipp:mypass", "mytopic", "triggered"})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "cannot set both --user and --token", err.Error())
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_Token(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Bearer tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename, "mytopic"}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Default_UserPass(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "Basic cGhpbGlwcDpteXBhc3M=", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-user: philipp
+default-password: mypass
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename, "mytopic"}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Override_Default_UserPass_With_Empty_UserPass(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-user: philipp
+default-password: mypass
+subscribe:
+  - topic: mytopic
+    user: ""
+    password: ""
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}
+
+func TestCLI_Subscribe_Override_Default_Token_With_Empty_Token(t *testing.T) {
+	message := `{"id":"RXIQBFaieLVr","time":124,"expires":1124,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic","message":"triggered"}`
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		require.Equal(t, "/mytopic/json", r.URL.Path)
+		require.Equal(t, "", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write([]byte(message))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	filename := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "client.yml")
+	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(filename, []byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
+default-host: %s
+default-token: tk_AgQdq7mVBoFD37zQVN29RhuMzNIz2
+subscribe:
+  - topic: mytopic
+    token: ""
+`, server.URL)), 0600))
+
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+
+	require.Nil(t, app.Run([]string{"ntfy", "subscribe", "--poll", "--from-config", "--config=" + filename}))
+
+	require.Equal(t, message, strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()))
+}

cmd/subscribe_unix.go

@@ -12,7 +12,3 @@ or ~/.config/ntfy/client.yml for all other users.`
 var (
 	scriptLauncher = []string{"sh", "-c"}
 )
-
-func defaultClientConfigFile() string {
-	return defaultClientConfigFileUnix()
-}

cmd/subscribe_windows.go

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build windows
+
 package cmd
 
 const (
@@ -9,7 +11,3 @@ const (
 var (
 	scriptLauncher = []string{"cmd.exe", "/Q", "/C"}
 )
-
-func defaultClientConfigFile() string {
-	return defaultClientConfigFileWindows()
-}

cmd/tier.go

@@ -6,9 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/user"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
-	"time"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/user"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -17,12 +16,13 @@ func init() {
 
 const (
 	defaultMessageLimit             = 5000
-	defaultMessageExpiryDuration    = 12 * time.Hour
+	defaultMessageExpiryDuration    = "12h"
 	defaultEmailLimit               = 20
+	defaultCallLimit                = 0
 	defaultReservationLimit         = 3
 	defaultAttachmentFileSizeLimit  = "15M"
 	defaultAttachmentTotalSizeLimit = "100M"
-	defaultAttachmentExpiryDuration = 6 * time.Hour
+	defaultAttachmentExpiryDuration = "6h"
 	defaultAttachmentBandwidthLimit = "1G"
 )
 
@@ -47,14 +47,16 @@ var cmdTier = &cli.Command{
 			Flags: []cli.Flag{
 				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "name", Usage: "tier name"},
 				&cli.Int64Flag{Name: "message-limit", Value: defaultMessageLimit, Usage: "daily message limit"},
-				&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "message-expiry-duration", Value: defaultMessageExpiryDuration, Usage: "duration after which messages are deleted"},
+				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "message-expiry-duration", Value: defaultMessageExpiryDuration, Usage: "duration after which messages are deleted"},
 				&cli.Int64Flag{Name: "email-limit", Value: defaultEmailLimit, Usage: "daily email limit"},
+				&cli.Int64Flag{Name: "call-limit", Value: defaultCallLimit, Usage: "daily phone call limit"},
 				&cli.Int64Flag{Name: "reservation-limit", Value: defaultReservationLimit, Usage: "topic reservation limit"},
 				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-file-size-limit", Value: defaultAttachmentFileSizeLimit, Usage: "per-attachment file size limit"},
 				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-total-size-limit", Value: defaultAttachmentTotalSizeLimit, Usage: "total size limit of attachments for the user"},
-				&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "attachment-expiry-duration", Value: defaultAttachmentExpiryDuration, Usage: "duration after which attachments are deleted"},
+				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-expiry-duration", Value: defaultAttachmentExpiryDuration, Usage: "duration after which attachments are deleted"},
 				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-bandwidth-limit", Value: defaultAttachmentBandwidthLimit, Usage: "daily bandwidth limit for attachment uploads/downloads"},
-				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "stripe-price-id", Usage: "Stripe price ID for paid tiers (e.g. price_12345)"},
+				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "stripe-monthly-price-id", Usage: "Monthly Stripe price ID for paid tiers (e.g. price_12345)"},
+				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "stripe-yearly-price-id", Usage: "Yearly Stripe price ID for paid tiers (e.g. price_12345)"},
 				&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "ignore-exists", Usage: "if the tier already exists, perform no action and exit"},
 			},
 			Description: `Add a new tier to the ntfy user database.
@@ -89,14 +91,16 @@ Examples:
 			Flags: []cli.Flag{
 				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "name", Usage: "tier name"},
 				&cli.Int64Flag{Name: "message-limit", Usage: "daily message limit"},
-				&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "message-expiry-duration", Usage: "duration after which messages are deleted"},
+				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "message-expiry-duration", Usage: "duration after which messages are deleted"},
 				&cli.Int64Flag{Name: "email-limit", Usage: "daily email limit"},
+				&cli.Int64Flag{Name: "call-limit", Usage: "daily phone call limit"},
 				&cli.Int64Flag{Name: "reservation-limit", Usage: "topic reservation limit"},
 				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-file-size-limit", Usage: "per-attachment file size limit"},
 				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-total-size-limit", Usage: "total size limit of attachments for the user"},
-				&cli.DurationFlag{Name: "attachment-expiry-duration", Usage: "duration after which attachments are deleted"},
+				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-expiry-duration", Usage: "duration after which attachments are deleted"},
 				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "attachment-bandwidth-limit", Usage: "daily bandwidth limit for attachment uploads/downloads"},
-				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "stripe-price-id", Usage: "Stripe price ID for paid tiers (e.g. price_12345)"},
+				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "stripe-monthly-price-id", Usage: "Monthly Stripe price ID for paid tiers (e.g. price_12345)"},
+				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "stripe-yearly-price-id", Usage: "Yearly Stripe price ID for paid tiers (e.g. price_12345)"},
 			},
 			Description: `Updates a tier to change the limits.
 
@@ -110,7 +114,8 @@ Examples:
   ntfy tier change --name="Pro" pro        # Update the name of an existing tier
   ntfy tier change \                       # Update multiple limits and fields
     --message-expiry-duration=24h \
-    --stripe-price-id=price_1234 \
+    --stripe-monthly-price-id=price_1234 \
+    --stripe-monthly-price-id=price_5678 \
     pro
 `,
 		},
@@ -166,6 +171,10 @@ func execTierAdd(c *cli.Context) error {
 		return errors.New("tier code expected, type 'ntfy tier add --help' for help")
 	} else if !user.AllowedTier(code) {
 		return errors.New("tier code must consist only of numbers and letters")
+	} else if c.String("stripe-monthly-price-id") != "" && c.String("stripe-yearly-price-id") == "" {
+		return errors.New("if stripe-monthly-price-id is set, stripe-yearly-price-id must also be set")
+	} else if c.String("stripe-monthly-price-id") == "" && c.String("stripe-yearly-price-id") != "" {
+		return errors.New("if stripe-yearly-price-id is set, stripe-monthly-price-id must also be set")
 	}
 	manager, err := createUserManager(c)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -173,7 +182,7 @@ func execTierAdd(c *cli.Context) error {
 	}
 	if tier, _ := manager.Tier(code); tier != nil {
 		if c.Bool("ignore-exists") {
-			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "tier %s already exists (exited successfully)\n", code)
+			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "tier %s already exists (exited successfully)\n", code)
 			return nil
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("tier %s already exists", code)
@@ -182,6 +191,10 @@ func execTierAdd(c *cli.Context) error {
 	if name == "" {
 		name = code
 	}
+	messageExpiryDuration, err := util.ParseDuration(c.String("message-expiry-duration"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	attachmentFileSizeLimit, err := util.ParseSize(c.String("attachment-file-size-limit"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -194,19 +207,25 @@ func execTierAdd(c *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	attachmentExpiryDuration, err := util.ParseDuration(c.String("attachment-expiry-duration"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	tier := &user.Tier{
 		ID:                       "", // Generated
 		Code:                     code,
 		Name:                     name,
 		MessageLimit:             c.Int64("message-limit"),
-		MessageExpiryDuration:    c.Duration("message-expiry-duration"),
+		MessageExpiryDuration:    messageExpiryDuration,
 		EmailLimit:               c.Int64("email-limit"),
+		CallLimit:                c.Int64("call-limit"),
 		ReservationLimit:         c.Int64("reservation-limit"),
 		AttachmentFileSizeLimit:  attachmentFileSizeLimit,
 		AttachmentTotalSizeLimit: attachmentTotalSizeLimit,
-		AttachmentExpiryDuration: c.Duration("attachment-expiry-duration"),
+		AttachmentExpiryDuration: attachmentExpiryDuration,
 		AttachmentBandwidthLimit: attachmentBandwidthLimit,
-		StripePriceID:            c.String("stripe-price-id"),
+		StripeMonthlyPriceID:     c.String("stripe-monthly-price-id"),
+		StripeYearlyPriceID:      c.String("stripe-yearly-price-id"),
 	}
 	if err := manager.AddTier(tier); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -215,7 +234,7 @@ func execTierAdd(c *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "tier added\n\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "tier added\n\n")
 	printTier(c, tier)
 	return nil
 }
@@ -244,11 +263,17 @@ func execTierChange(c *cli.Context) error {
 		tier.MessageLimit = c.Int64("message-limit")
 	}
 	if c.IsSet("message-expiry-duration") {
-		tier.MessageExpiryDuration = c.Duration("message-expiry-duration")
+		tier.MessageExpiryDuration, err = util.ParseDuration(c.String("message-expiry-duration"))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	if c.IsSet("email-limit") {
 		tier.EmailLimit = c.Int64("email-limit")
 	}
+	if c.IsSet("call-limit") {
+		tier.CallLimit = c.Int64("call-limit")
+	}
 	if c.IsSet("reservation-limit") {
 		tier.ReservationLimit = c.Int64("reservation-limit")
 	}
@@ -265,7 +290,10 @@ func execTierChange(c *cli.Context) error {
 		}
 	}
 	if c.IsSet("attachment-expiry-duration") {
-		tier.AttachmentExpiryDuration = c.Duration("attachment-expiry-duration")
+		tier.AttachmentExpiryDuration, err = util.ParseDuration(c.String("attachment-expiry-duration"))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	if c.IsSet("attachment-bandwidth-limit") {
 		tier.AttachmentBandwidthLimit, err = util.ParseSize(c.String("attachment-bandwidth-limit"))
@@ -273,13 +301,21 @@ func execTierChange(c *cli.Context) error {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	if c.IsSet("stripe-price-id") {
-		tier.StripePriceID = c.String("stripe-price-id")
+	if c.IsSet("stripe-monthly-price-id") {
+		tier.StripeMonthlyPriceID = c.String("stripe-monthly-price-id")
+	}
+	if c.IsSet("stripe-yearly-price-id") {
+		tier.StripeYearlyPriceID = c.String("stripe-yearly-price-id")
+	}
+	if tier.StripeMonthlyPriceID != "" && tier.StripeYearlyPriceID == "" {
+		return errors.New("if stripe-monthly-price-id is set, stripe-yearly-price-id must also be set")
+	} else if tier.StripeMonthlyPriceID == "" && tier.StripeYearlyPriceID != "" {
+		return errors.New("if stripe-yearly-price-id is set, stripe-monthly-price-id must also be set")
 	}
 	if err := manager.UpdateTier(tier); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "tier updated\n\n")
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "tier updated\n\n")
 	printTier(c, tier)
 	return nil
 }
@@ -299,7 +335,7 @@ func execTierDel(c *cli.Context) error {
 	if err := manager.RemoveTier(code); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "tier %s removed\n", code)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "tier %s removed\n", code)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -319,19 +355,20 @@ func execTierList(c *cli.Context) error {
 }
 
 func printTier(c *cli.Context, tier *user.Tier) {
-	stripePriceID := tier.StripePriceID
-	if stripePriceID == "" {
-		stripePriceID = "(none)"
+	prices := "(none)"
+	if tier.StripeMonthlyPriceID != "" && tier.StripeYearlyPriceID != "" {
+		prices = fmt.Sprintf("%s / %s", tier.StripeMonthlyPriceID, tier.StripeYearlyPriceID)
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "tier %s (id: %s)\n", tier.Code, tier.ID)
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- Name: %s\n", tier.Name)
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- Message limit: %d\n", tier.MessageLimit)
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- Message expiry duration: %s (%d seconds)\n", tier.MessageExpiryDuration.String(), int64(tier.MessageExpiryDuration.Seconds()))
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- Email limit: %d\n", tier.EmailLimit)
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- Reservation limit: %d\n", tier.ReservationLimit)
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- Attachment file size limit: %s\n", util.FormatSize(tier.AttachmentFileSizeLimit))
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- Attachment total size limit: %s\n", util.FormatSize(tier.AttachmentTotalSizeLimit))
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- Attachment expiry duration: %s (%d seconds)\n", tier.AttachmentExpiryDuration.String(), int64(tier.AttachmentExpiryDuration.Seconds()))
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- Attachment daily bandwidth limit: %s\n", util.FormatSize(tier.AttachmentBandwidthLimit))
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- Stripe price: %s\n", stripePriceID)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "tier %s (id: %s)\n", tier.Code, tier.ID)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- Name: %s\n", tier.Name)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- Message limit: %d\n", tier.MessageLimit)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- Message expiry duration: %s (%d seconds)\n", tier.MessageExpiryDuration.String(), int64(tier.MessageExpiryDuration.Seconds()))
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- Email limit: %d\n", tier.EmailLimit)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- Phone call limit: %d\n", tier.CallLimit)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- Reservation limit: %d\n", tier.ReservationLimit)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- Attachment file size limit: %s\n", util.FormatSizeHuman(tier.AttachmentFileSizeLimit))
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- Attachment total size limit: %s\n", util.FormatSizeHuman(tier.AttachmentTotalSizeLimit))
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- Attachment expiry duration: %s (%d seconds)\n", tier.AttachmentExpiryDuration.String(), int64(tier.AttachmentExpiryDuration.Seconds()))
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- Attachment daily bandwidth limit: %s\n", util.FormatSizeHuman(tier.AttachmentBandwidthLimit))
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- Stripe prices (monthly/yearly): %s\n", prices)
 }

cmd/tier_test.go

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/server"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/test"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/server"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/test"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -12,45 +12,46 @@ func TestCLI_Tier_AddListChangeDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	s, conf, port := newTestServerWithAuth(t)
 	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
 
-	app, _, _, stderr := newTestApp()
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, runTierCommand(app, conf, "add", "--name", "Pro", "--message-limit", "1234", "pro"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "tier added\n\ntier pro (id: ti_")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "tier added\n\ntier pro (id: ti_")
 
 	err := runTierCommand(app, conf, "add", "pro")
 	require.NotNil(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, "tier pro already exists", err.Error())
 
-	app, _, _, stderr = newTestApp()
+	app, _, stdout, _ = newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, runTierCommand(app, conf, "list"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "tier pro (id: ti_")
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "- Name: Pro")
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "- Message limit: 1234")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "tier pro (id: ti_")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "- Name: Pro")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "- Message limit: 1234")
 
-	app, _, _, stderr = newTestApp()
+	app, _, stdout, _ = newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, runTierCommand(app, conf, "change",
 		"--message-limit=999",
-		"--message-expiry-duration=99h",
+		"--message-expiry-duration=2d",
 		"--email-limit=91",
 		"--reservation-limit=98",
 		"--attachment-file-size-limit=100m",
-		"--attachment-expiry-duration=7h",
+		"--attachment-expiry-duration=1d",
 		"--attachment-total-size-limit=10G",
 		"--attachment-bandwidth-limit=100G",
-		"--stripe-price-id=price_991",
+		"--stripe-monthly-price-id=price_991",
+		"--stripe-yearly-price-id=price_992",
 		"pro",
 	))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "- Message limit: 999")
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "- Message expiry duration: 99h")
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "- Email limit: 91")
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "- Reservation limit: 98")
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "- Attachment file size limit: 100.0 MB")
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "- Attachment expiry duration: 7h")
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "- Attachment total size limit: 10.0 GB")
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "- Stripe price: price_991")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "- Message limit: 999")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "- Message expiry duration: 48h")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "- Email limit: 91")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "- Reservation limit: 98")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "- Attachment file size limit: 100.0 MB")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "- Attachment expiry duration: 24h")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "- Attachment total size limit: 10.0 GB")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "- Stripe prices (monthly/yearly): price_991 / price_992")
 
-	app, _, _, stderr = newTestApp()
+	app, _, stdout, _ = newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, runTierCommand(app, conf, "remove", "pro"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "tier pro removed")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "tier pro removed")
 }
 
 func runTierCommand(app *cli.App, conf *server.Config, args ...string) error {

cmd/token.go

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/user"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/user"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 	"net/netip"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -72,6 +72,15 @@ Example:
 This is a server-only command. It directly reads from user.db as defined in the server config
 file server.yml. The command only works if 'auth-file' is properly defined.`,
 		},
+		{
+			Name:   "generate",
+			Usage:  "Generates a random token",
+			Action: execTokenGenerate,
+			Description: `Randomly generate a token to be used in provisioned tokens.
+
+This command only generates the token value, but does not persist it anywhere.
+The output can be used in the 'auth-tokens' config option.`,
+		},
 	},
 	Description: `Manage access tokens for individual users.
 
@@ -112,19 +121,19 @@ func execTokenAdd(c *cli.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	u, err := manager.User(username)
-	if err == user.ErrUserNotFound {
+	if errors.Is(err, user.ErrUserNotFound) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("user %s does not exist", username)
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	token, err := manager.CreateToken(u.ID, label, expires, netip.IPv4Unspecified())
+	token, err := manager.CreateToken(u.ID, label, expires, netip.IPv4Unspecified(), false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if expires.Unix() == 0 {
-		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "token %s created for user %s, never expires\n", token.Value, u.Name)
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "token %s created for user %s, never expires\n", token.Value, u.Name)
 	} else {
-		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "token %s created for user %s, expires %v\n", token.Value, u.Name, expires.Format(time.UnixDate))
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "token %s created for user %s, expires %v\n", token.Value, u.Name, expires.Format(time.UnixDate))
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -141,7 +150,7 @@ func execTokenDel(c *cli.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	u, err := manager.User(username)
-	if err == user.ErrUserNotFound {
+	if errors.Is(err, user.ErrUserNotFound) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("user %s does not exist", username)
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -149,7 +158,7 @@ func execTokenDel(c *cli.Context) error {
 	if err := manager.RemoveToken(u.ID, token); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "token %s for user %s removed\n", token, username)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "token %s for user %s removed\n", token, username)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -165,7 +174,7 @@ func execTokenList(c *cli.Context) error {
 	var users []*user.User
 	if username != "" {
 		u, err := manager.User(username)
-		if err == user.ErrUserNotFound {
+		if errors.Is(err, user.ErrUserNotFound) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("user %s does not exist", username)
 		} else if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -183,15 +192,15 @@ func execTokenList(c *cli.Context) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		} else if len(tokens) == 0 && username != "" {
-			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "user %s has no access tokens\n", username)
+			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "user %s has no access tokens\n", username)
 			return nil
 		} else if len(tokens) == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
 		usersWithTokens++
-		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "user %s\n", u.Name)
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "user %s\n", u.Name)
 		for _, t := range tokens {
-			var label, expires string
+			var label, expires, provisioned string
 			if t.Label != "" {
 				label = fmt.Sprintf(" (%s)", t.Label)
 			}
@@ -200,11 +209,19 @@ func execTokenList(c *cli.Context) error {
 			} else {
 				expires = fmt.Sprintf("expires %s", t.Expires.Format(time.RFC822))
 			}
-			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "- %s%s, %s, accessed from %s at %s\n", t.Value, label, expires, t.LastOrigin.String(), t.LastAccess.Format(time.RFC822))
+			if t.Provisioned {
+				provisioned = " (server config)"
+			}
+			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "- %s%s, %s, accessed from %s at %s%s\n", t.Value, label, expires, t.LastOrigin.String(), t.LastAccess.Format(time.RFC822), provisioned)
 		}
 	}
 	if usersWithTokens == 0 {
-		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "no users with tokens\n")
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "no users with tokens\n")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+func execTokenGenerate(c *cli.Context) error {
+	fmt.Fprintln(c.App.Writer, user.GenerateToken())
+	return nil
+}

cmd/token_test.go

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/server"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/test"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/server"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/test"
 	"regexp"
 	"testing"
 )
@@ -14,28 +14,28 @@ func TestCLI_Token_AddListRemove(t *testing.T) {
 	s, conf, port := newTestServerWithAuth(t)
 	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
 
-	app, stdin, _, stderr := newTestApp()
+	app, stdin, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
 	stdin.WriteString("mypass\nmypass")
 	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "add", "phil"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "user phil added with role user")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "user phil added with role user")
 
-	app, _, _, stderr = newTestApp()
+	app, _, stdout, _ = newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, runTokenCommand(app, conf, "add", "phil"))
-	require.Regexp(t, `token tk_.+ created for user phil, never expires`, stderr.String())
+	require.Regexp(t, `token tk_.+ created for user phil, never expires`, stdout.String())
 
-	app, _, _, stderr = newTestApp()
+	app, _, stdout, _ = newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, runTokenCommand(app, conf, "list", "phil"))
-	require.Regexp(t, `user phil\n- tk_.+, never expires, accessed from 0.0.0.0 at .+`, stderr.String())
+	require.Regexp(t, `user phil\n- tk_.+, never expires, accessed from 0.0.0.0 at .+`, stdout.String())
 	re := regexp.MustCompile(`tk_\w+`)
-	token := re.FindString(stderr.String())
+	token := re.FindString(stdout.String())
 
-	app, _, _, stderr = newTestApp()
+	app, _, stdout, _ = newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, runTokenCommand(app, conf, "remove", "phil", token))
-	require.Regexp(t, fmt.Sprintf("token %s for user phil removed", token), stderr.String())
+	require.Regexp(t, fmt.Sprintf("token %s for user phil removed", token), stdout.String())
 
-	app, _, _, stderr = newTestApp()
+	app, _, stdout, _ = newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, runTokenCommand(app, conf, "list"))
-	require.Equal(t, "no users with tokens\n", stderr.String())
+	require.Equal(t, "no users with tokens\n", stdout.String())
 }
 
 func runTokenCommand(app *cli.App, conf *server.Config, args ...string) error {

cmd/user.go

@@ -6,13 +6,18 @@ import (
 	"crypto/subtle"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/user"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2/altsrc"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/util"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/db"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/db/pg"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/mail"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/server"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/user"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -25,15 +30,21 @@ func init() {
 
 var flagsUser = append(
 	append([]cli.Flag{}, flagsDefault...),
-	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "config", Aliases: []string{"c"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_CONFIG_FILE"}, Value: defaultServerConfigFile, DefaultText: defaultServerConfigFile, Usage: "config file"},
+	&cli.StringFlag{Name: "config", Aliases: []string{"c"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_CONFIG_FILE"}, Value: server.DefaultConfigFile, DefaultText: server.DefaultConfigFile, Usage: "config file"},
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "auth-file", Aliases: []string{"auth_file", "H"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_AUTH_FILE"}, Usage: "auth database file used for access control"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "auth-default-access", Aliases: []string{"auth_default_access", "p"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_AUTH_DEFAULT_ACCESS"}, Value: "read-write", Usage: "default permissions if no matching entries in the auth database are found"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "database-url", Aliases: []string{"database_url"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_DATABASE_URL"}, Usage: "PostgreSQL connection string for database-backed stores"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "base-url", Aliases: []string{"base_url", "B"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_BASE_URL"}, Usage: "externally visible base URL for this host (e.g. https://ntfy.sh)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "smtp-sender-addr", Aliases: []string{"smtp_sender_addr"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_ADDR"}, Usage: "SMTP server address (host:port) for outgoing emails"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "smtp-sender-user", Aliases: []string{"smtp_sender_user"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_USER"}, Usage: "SMTP user (if e-mail sending is enabled)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "smtp-sender-pass", Aliases: []string{"smtp_sender_pass"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_PASS"}, Usage: "SMTP password (if e-mail sending is enabled)"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "smtp-sender-from", Aliases: []string{"smtp_sender_from"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_SMTP_SENDER_FROM"}, Usage: "SMTP sender address (if e-mail sending is enabled)"}),
 )
 
 var cmdUser = &cli.Command{
 	Name:      "user",
 	Usage:     "Manage/show users",
-	UsageText: "ntfy user [list|add|remove|change-pass|change-role] ...",
+	UsageText: "ntfy user [list|add|remove|change-pass|reset-pass|change-role] ...",
 	Flags:     flagsUser,
 	Before:    initConfigFileInputSourceFunc("config", flagsUser, initLogFunc),
 	Category:  categoryServer,
@@ -42,7 +53,7 @@ var cmdUser = &cli.Command{
 			Name:      "add",
 			Aliases:   []string{"a"},
 			Usage:     "Adds a new user",
-			UsageText: "ntfy user add [--role=admin|user] USERNAME\nNTFY_PASSWORD=... ntfy user add [--role=admin|user] USERNAME",
+			UsageText: "ntfy user add [--role=admin|user] USERNAME\nNTFY_PASSWORD=... ntfy user add [--role=admin|user] USERNAME\nNTFY_PASSWORD_HASH=... ntfy user add [--role=admin|user] USERNAME",
 			Action:    execUserAdd,
 			Flags: []cli.Flag{
 				&cli.StringFlag{Name: "role", Aliases: []string{"r"}, Value: string(user.RoleUser), Usage: "user role"},
@@ -55,12 +66,13 @@ granted otherwise by the auth-default-access setting). An admin user has read an
 topics.
 
 Examples:
-  ntfy user add phil                     # Add regular user phil  
-  ntfy user add --role=admin phil        # Add admin user phil
-  NTFY_PASSWORD=... ntfy user add phil   # Add user, using env variable to set password (for scripts)
+  ntfy user add phil                          # Add regular user phil
+  ntfy user add --role=admin phil             # Add admin user phil
+  NTFY_PASSWORD=... ntfy user add phil        # Add user, using env variable to set password (for scripts)
+  NTFY_PASSWORD_HASH=... ntfy user add phil   # Add user, using env variable to set password hash (for scripts)
 
-You may set the NTFY_PASSWORD environment variable to pass the password. This is useful if 
-you are creating users via scripts.
+You may set the NTFY_PASSWORD environment variable to pass the password, or NTFY_PASSWORD_HASH to pass
+directly the bcrypt hash. This is useful if you are creating users via scripts.
 `,
 		},
 		{
@@ -79,7 +91,7 @@ Example:
 			Name:      "change-pass",
 			Aliases:   []string{"chp"},
 			Usage:     "Changes a user's password",
-			UsageText: "ntfy user change-pass USERNAME\nNTFY_PASSWORD=... ntfy user change-pass USERNAME",
+			UsageText: "ntfy user change-pass USERNAME\nNTFY_PASSWORD=... ntfy user change-pass USERNAME\nNTFY_PASSWORD_HASH=... ntfy user change-pass USERNAME",
 			Action:    execUserChangePass,
 			Description: `Change the password for the given user.
 
@@ -89,10 +101,34 @@ it twice.
 Example:
   ntfy user change-pass phil
   NTFY_PASSWORD=.. ntfy user change-pass phil
+  NTFY_PASSWORD_HASH=.. ntfy user change-pass phil
 
-You may set the NTFY_PASSWORD environment variable to pass the new password. This is 
-useful if you are updating users via scripts.
+You may set the NTFY_PASSWORD environment variable to pass the new password or NTFY_PASSWORD_HASH to pass
+directly the bcrypt hash. This is useful if you are updating users via scripts.
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "reset-pass",
+			Aliases:   []string{"rp"},
+			Usage:     "Generates a password reset link for a user",
+			UsageText: "ntfy user reset-pass [--send-email] USERNAME",
+			Action:    execUserResetPass,
+			Flags: []cli.Flag{
+				&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "send-email", Aliases: []string{"e"}, Usage: "also email the reset link to the user's primary email"},
+			},
+			Description: `Generate a password reset link for the given user and print it to stdout.
 
+The user completes the reset by opening the link in a browser and choosing a new password;
+the admin never learns or chooses the new password. The link is single-use and expires after
+one hour. This is an admin override of the self-service reset flow -- unlike self-service, it
+does not require the user to have a verified primary email (the token is bound to the user).
+
+With --send-email, the link is additionally emailed to the user's primary email address (this
+requires SMTP to be configured and the user to have a verified primary email).
+
+Example:
+  ntfy user reset-pass phil               # Print a reset link for user phil
+  ntfy user reset-pass --send-email phil  # Print and email the reset link
 `,
 		},
 		{
@@ -131,6 +167,22 @@ as messages per day, attachment file sizes, etc.
 Example:
   ntfy user change-tier phil pro   # Change tier to "pro" for user "phil"  
   ntfy user change-tier phil -     # Remove tier from user "phil" entirely 
+`,
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "hash",
+			Usage:     "Create password hash for a predefined user",
+			UsageText: "ntfy user hash",
+			Action:    execUserHash,
+			Description: `Asks for a password and creates a bcrypt password hash.
+
+This command is useful to create a password hash for a user, which can then be used
+for predefined users in the server config file, in auth-users.
+
+Example:
+  $ ntfy user hash
+  (asks for password and confirmation)
+  $2a$10$YLiO8U21sX1uhZamTLJXHuxgVC0Z/GKISibrKCLohPgtG7yIxSk4C
 `,
 		},
 		{
@@ -174,7 +226,12 @@ variable to pass the new password. This is useful if you are creating/updating u
 func execUserAdd(c *cli.Context) error {
 	username := c.Args().Get(0)
 	role := user.Role(c.String("role"))
-	password := os.Getenv("NTFY_PASSWORD")
+	password, hashed := os.LookupEnv("NTFY_PASSWORD_HASH")
+
+	if !hashed {
+		password = os.Getenv("NTFY_PASSWORD")
+	}
+
 	if username == "" {
 		return errors.New("username expected, type 'ntfy user add --help' for help")
 	} else if username == userEveryone || username == user.Everyone {
@@ -188,7 +245,7 @@ func execUserAdd(c *cli.Context) error {
 	}
 	if user, _ := manager.User(username); user != nil {
 		if c.Bool("ignore-exists") {
-			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "user %s already exists (exited successfully)\n", username)
+			fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "user %s already exists (exited successfully)\n", username)
 			return nil
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("user %s already exists", username)
@@ -198,13 +255,12 @@ func execUserAdd(c *cli.Context) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-
 		password = p
 	}
-	if err := manager.AddUser(username, password, role); err != nil {
+	if err := manager.AddUser(username, password, role, hashed); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "user %s added with role %s\n", username, role)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "user %s added with role %s\n", username, role)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -219,19 +275,22 @@ func execUserDel(c *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if _, err := manager.User(username); err == user.ErrUserNotFound {
+	if _, err := manager.User(username); errors.Is(err, user.ErrUserNotFound) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("user %s does not exist", username)
 	}
 	if err := manager.RemoveUser(username); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "user %s removed\n", username)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "user %s removed\n", username)
 	return nil
 }
 
 func execUserChangePass(c *cli.Context) error {
 	username := c.Args().Get(0)
-	password := os.Getenv("NTFY_PASSWORD")
+	password, hashed := os.LookupEnv("NTFY_PASSWORD_HASH")
+	if !hashed {
+		password = os.Getenv("NTFY_PASSWORD")
+	}
 	if username == "" {
 		return errors.New("username expected, type 'ntfy user change-pass --help' for help")
 	} else if username == userEveryone || username == user.Everyone {
@@ -241,7 +300,7 @@ func execUserChangePass(c *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if _, err := manager.User(username); err == user.ErrUserNotFound {
+	if _, err := manager.User(username); errors.Is(err, user.ErrUserNotFound) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("user %s does not exist", username)
 	}
 	if password == "" {
@@ -250,10 +309,65 @@ func execUserChangePass(c *cli.Context) error {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	if err := manager.ChangePassword(username, password); err != nil {
+	if err := manager.ChangePassword(username, password, hashed); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "changed password for user %s\n", username)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "changed password for user %s\n", username)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func execUserResetPass(c *cli.Context) error {
+	username := c.Args().Get(0)
+	sendEmail := c.Bool("send-email")
+	baseURL := strings.TrimSuffix(c.String("base-url"), "/")
+	if username == "" {
+		return errors.New("username expected, type 'ntfy user reset-pass --help' for help")
+	} else if username == userEveryone || username == user.Everyone {
+		return errors.New("username not allowed")
+	} else if baseURL == "" {
+		return errors.New("base-url must be configured to generate a reset link")
+	}
+	manager, err := createUserManager(c)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	u, err := manager.User(username)
+	if errors.Is(err, user.ErrUserNotFound) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("user %s does not exist", username)
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if u.Provisioned {
+		return fmt.Errorf("user %s is provisioned in the config file; its password cannot be reset", username)
+	}
+	// Resolve the primary email up front if we need to send -- fail before creating a token
+	var primaryEmail string
+	if sendEmail {
+		primaryEmail, err = manager.PrimaryEmail(u.ID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		} else if primaryEmail == "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("user %s has no primary email; cannot send reset link (omit --send-email to just print it)", username)
+		}
+	}
+	// The reset token is bound to the user, not an email -- so this works even with no SMTP
+	token, err := manager.AddMagicLink(user.MagicLinkKindPasswordReset, u.ID, "", time.Hour)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	link := baseURL + "/account/password/reset/" + token
+	fmt.Fprintln(c.App.Writer, link)
+	if sendEmail {
+		sender := mail.NewSender(&mail.Config{
+			SMTPAddr: c.String("smtp-sender-addr"),
+			SMTPUser: c.String("smtp-sender-user"),
+			SMTPPass: c.String("smtp-sender-pass"),
+			From:     c.String("smtp-sender-from"),
+		})
+		if err := sender.SendPasswordReset(primaryEmail, link); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to send reset email to %s: %w", primaryEmail, err)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "reset link emailed to %s\n", primaryEmail)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -269,13 +383,26 @@ func execUserChangeRole(c *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if _, err := manager.User(username); err == user.ErrUserNotFound {
+	if _, err := manager.User(username); errors.Is(err, user.ErrUserNotFound) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("user %s does not exist", username)
 	}
 	if err := manager.ChangeRole(username, role); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "changed role for user %s to %s\n", username, role)
+	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "changed role for user %s to %s\n", username, role)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func execUserHash(c *cli.Context) error {
+	password, err := readPasswordAndConfirm(c)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	hash, err := user.HashPassword(password, user.DefaultUserPasswordBcryptCost)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to hash password: %w", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(c.App.Writer, hash)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -293,19 +420,19 @@ func execUserChangeTier(c *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if _, err := manager.User(username); err == user.ErrUserNotFound {
+	if _, err := manager.User(username); errors.Is(err, user.ErrUserNotFound) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("user %s does not exist", username)
 	}
 	if tier == tierReset {
 		if err := manager.ResetTier(username); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "removed tier from user %s\n", username)
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "removed tier from user %s\n", username)
 	} else {
 		if err := manager.ChangeTier(username, tier); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "changed tier for user %s to %s\n", username, tier)
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "changed tier for user %s to %s\n", username, tier)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -326,16 +453,31 @@ func createUserManager(c *cli.Context) (*user.Manager, error) {
 	authFile := c.String("auth-file")
 	authStartupQueries := c.String("auth-startup-queries")
 	authDefaultAccess := c.String("auth-default-access")
-	if authFile == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("option auth-file not set; auth is unconfigured for this server")
-	} else if !util.FileExists(authFile) {
-		return nil, errors.New("auth-file does not exist; please start the server at least once to create it")
-	}
+	databaseURL := c.String("database-url")
 	authDefault, err := user.ParsePermission(authDefaultAccess)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("if set, auth-default-access must start set to 'read-write', 'read-only', 'write-only' or 'deny-all'")
 	}
-	return user.NewManager(authFile, authStartupQueries, authDefault, user.DefaultUserPasswordBcryptCost, user.DefaultUserStatsQueueWriterInterval)
+	authConfig := &user.Config{
+		DefaultAccess:       authDefault,
+		ProvisionEnabled:    false, // Hack: Do not re-provision users on manager initialization
+		BcryptCost:          user.DefaultUserPasswordBcryptCost,
+		QueueWriterInterval: user.DefaultUserStatsQueueWriterInterval,
+		AccessCacheEnabled:  false, // Do not cache for CLI commands
+	}
+	if databaseURL != "" {
+		host, dbErr := pg.Open(databaseURL)
+		if dbErr != nil {
+			return nil, dbErr
+		}
+		return user.NewPostgresManager(db.New(host, nil), authConfig)
+	} else if authFile != "" {
+		if !util.FileExists(authFile) {
+			return nil, errors.New("auth-file does not exist; please start the server at least once to create it")
+		}
+		return user.NewSQLiteManager(authFile, authStartupQueries, authConfig)
+	}
+	return nil, errors.New("option database-url or auth-file not set; auth is unconfigured for this server")
 }
 
 func readPasswordAndConfirm(c *cli.Context) (string, error) {
@@ -343,6 +485,8 @@ func readPasswordAndConfirm(c *cli.Context) (string, error) {
 	password, err := util.ReadPassword(c.App.Reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
+	} else if len(password) == 0 {
+		return "", errors.New("password cannot be empty")
 	}
 	fmt.Fprintf(c.App.ErrWriter, "\r%s\rconfirm: ", strings.Repeat(" ", 25))
 	confirm, err := util.ReadPassword(c.App.Reader)

cmd/user_test.go

@@ -1,34 +1,35 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/server"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/test"
-	"heckel.io/ntfy/user"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/server"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/test"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/user"
 )
 
 func TestCLI_User_Add(t *testing.T) {
 	s, conf, port := newTestServerWithAuth(t)
 	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
 
-	app, stdin, _, stderr := newTestApp()
+	app, stdin, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
 	stdin.WriteString("mypass\nmypass")
 	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "add", "phil"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "user phil added with role user")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "user phil added with role user")
 }
 
 func TestCLI_User_Add_Exists(t *testing.T) {
 	s, conf, port := newTestServerWithAuth(t)
 	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
 
-	app, stdin, _, stderr := newTestApp()
+	app, stdin, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
 	stdin.WriteString("mypass\nmypass")
 	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "add", "phil"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "user phil added with role user")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "user phil added with role user")
 
 	app, stdin, _, _ = newTestApp()
 	stdin.WriteString("mypass\nmypass")
@@ -41,10 +42,10 @@ func TestCLI_User_Add_Admin(t *testing.T) {
 	s, conf, port := newTestServerWithAuth(t)
 	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
 
-	app, stdin, _, stderr := newTestApp()
+	app, stdin, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
 	stdin.WriteString("mypass\nmypass")
 	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "add", "--role=admin", "phil"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "user phil added with role admin")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "user phil added with role admin")
 }
 
 func TestCLI_User_Add_Password_Mismatch(t *testing.T) {
@@ -60,19 +61,27 @@ func TestCLI_User_Add_Password_Mismatch(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCLI_User_ChangePass(t *testing.T) {
 	s, conf, port := newTestServerWithAuth(t)
+	conf.AuthUsers = []*user.User{
+		{Name: "philuser", Hash: "$2a$10$U4WSIYY6evyGmZaraavM2e2JeVG6EMGUKN1uUwufUeeRd4Jpg6cGC", Role: user.RoleUser}, // philuser:philpass
+	}
 	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
 
 	// Add user
-	app, stdin, _, stderr := newTestApp()
+	app, stdin, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
 	stdin.WriteString("mypass\nmypass")
 	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "add", "phil"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "user phil added with role user")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "user phil added with role user")
 
 	// Change pass
-	app, stdin, _, stderr = newTestApp()
+	app, stdin, stdout, _ = newTestApp()
 	stdin.WriteString("newpass\nnewpass")
 	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "change-pass", "phil"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "changed password for user phil")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "changed password for user phil")
+
+	// Cannot change provisioned user's pass
+	app, stdin, _, _ = newTestApp()
+	stdin.WriteString("newpass\nnewpass")
+	require.Error(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "change-pass", "philuser"))
 }
 
 func TestCLI_User_ChangeRole(t *testing.T) {
@@ -80,15 +89,15 @@ func TestCLI_User_ChangeRole(t *testing.T) {
 	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
 
 	// Add user
-	app, stdin, _, stderr := newTestApp()
+	app, stdin, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
 	stdin.WriteString("mypass\nmypass")
 	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "add", "phil"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "user phil added with role user")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "user phil added with role user")
 
 	// Change role
-	app, _, _, stderr = newTestApp()
+	app, _, stdout, _ = newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "change-role", "phil", "admin"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "changed role for user phil to admin")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "changed role for user phil to admin")
 }
 
 func TestCLI_User_Delete(t *testing.T) {
@@ -96,15 +105,15 @@ func TestCLI_User_Delete(t *testing.T) {
 	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
 
 	// Add user
-	app, stdin, _, stderr := newTestApp()
+	app, stdin, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
 	stdin.WriteString("mypass\nmypass")
 	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "add", "phil"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "user phil added with role user")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "user phil added with role user")
 
 	// Delete user
-	app, _, _, stderr = newTestApp()
+	app, _, stdout, _ = newTestApp()
 	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "del", "phil"))
-	require.Contains(t, stderr.String(), "user phil removed")
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "user phil removed")
 
 	// Delete user again (does not exist)
 	app, _, _, _ = newTestApp()
@@ -113,6 +122,69 @@ func TestCLI_User_Delete(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "user phil does not exist")
 }
 
+func TestCLI_User_ResetPass(t *testing.T) {
+	s, conf, port := newTestServerWithAuth(t)
+	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
+
+	app, stdin, _, _ := newTestApp()
+	stdin.WriteString("mypass\nmypass")
+	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "add", "phil"))
+
+	// Prints a working-looking reset link when base-url is set
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "--base-url=https://ntfy.example.com", "reset-pass", "phil"))
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "https://ntfy.example.com/account/password/reset/")
+}
+
+func TestCLI_User_ResetPass_NoBaseURL(t *testing.T) {
+	s, conf, port := newTestServerWithAuth(t)
+	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
+
+	app, stdin, _, _ := newTestApp()
+	stdin.WriteString("mypass\nmypass")
+	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "add", "phil"))
+
+	app, _, _, _ = newTestApp()
+	err := runUserCommand(app, conf, "reset-pass", "phil")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "base-url")
+}
+
+func TestCLI_User_ResetPass_SendEmailNoPrimary(t *testing.T) {
+	s, conf, port := newTestServerWithAuth(t)
+	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
+
+	app, stdin, _, _ := newTestApp()
+	stdin.WriteString("mypass\nmypass")
+	require.Nil(t, runUserCommand(app, conf, "add", "phil"))
+
+	// --send-email requires a primary email; phil has none
+	app, _, _, _ = newTestApp()
+	err := runUserCommand(app, conf, "--base-url=https://ntfy.example.com", "reset-pass", "--send-email", "phil")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "no primary email")
+}
+
+func TestCLI_User_ResetPass_ProvisionedRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	s, conf, port := newTestServerWithAuth(t)
+	defer test.StopServer(t, s, port)
+
+	// Seed a provisioned user into the auth database via config provisioning
+	m, err := user.NewSQLiteManager(conf.AuthFile, "", &user.Config{
+		ProvisionEnabled: true,
+		Users: []*user.User{
+			{Name: "provuser", Hash: "$2a$10$YLiO8U21sX1uhZamTLJXHuxgVC0Z/GKISibrKCLohPgtG7yIxSk4C", Role: user.RoleUser},
+		},
+	})
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, m.Close())
+
+	app, _, _, _ := newTestApp()
+	err = runUserCommand(app, conf, "--base-url=https://ntfy.example.com", "reset-pass", "provuser")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "provisioned")
+}
+
 func newTestServerWithAuth(t *testing.T) (s *server.Server, conf *server.Config, port int) {
 	configFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "server-dummy.yml")
 	require.Nil(t, os.WriteFile(configFile, []byte(""), 0600)) // Dummy config file to avoid lookup of real server.yml
@@ -120,6 +192,7 @@ func newTestServerWithAuth(t *testing.T) (s *server.Server, conf *server.Config,
 	conf.File = configFile
 	conf.AuthFile = filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "user.db")
 	conf.AuthDefault = user.PermissionDenyAll
+	conf.AuthAccessCacheEnabled = false
 	s, port = test.StartServerWithConfig(t, conf)
 	return
 }

cmd/webpush.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+//go:build !noserver && !nowebpush
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/SherClockHolmes/webpush-go"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2/altsrc"
+)
+
+var flagsWebPush = append(
+	[]cli.Flag{},
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "output-file", Aliases: []string{"f"}, Usage: "write VAPID keys to this file"}),
+)
+
+func init() {
+	commands = append(commands, cmdWebPush)
+}
+
+var cmdWebPush = &cli.Command{
+	Name:      "webpush",
+	Usage:     "Generate keys, in the future manage web push subscriptions",
+	UsageText: "ntfy webpush [keys]",
+	Category:  categoryServer,
+
+	Subcommands: []*cli.Command{
+		{
+			Action:    generateWebPushKeys,
+			Name:      "keys",
+			Usage:     "Generate VAPID keys to enable browser background push notifications",
+			UsageText: "ntfy webpush keys",
+			Category:  categoryServer,
+			Flags:     flagsWebPush,
+		},
+	},
+}
+
+func generateWebPushKeys(c *cli.Context) error {
+	privateKey, publicKey, err := webpush.GenerateVAPIDKeys()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if outputFile := c.String("output-file"); outputFile != "" {
+		contents := fmt.Sprintf(`---
+web-push-public-key: %s
+web-push-private-key: %s
+`, publicKey, privateKey)
+		err = os.WriteFile(outputFile, []byte(contents), 0660)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, "Web Push keys written to %s.\n", outputFile)
+	} else {
+		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(c.App.Writer, `Web Push keys generated. Add the following lines to your config file:
+
+web-push-public-key: %s
+web-push-private-key: %s
+web-push-file: /var/cache/ntfy/webpush.db # or similar
+web-push-email-address: <email address>
+
+See https://ntfy.sh/docs/config/#web-push for details.
+`, publicKey, privateKey)
+	}
+	return err
+}

cmd/webpush_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/server"
+)
+
+func TestCLI_WebPush_GenerateKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+	require.Nil(t, runWebPushCommand(app, server.NewConfig(), "keys"))
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "Web Push keys generated.")
+}
+
+func TestCLI_WebPush_WriteKeysToFile(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Chdir(tempDir)
+	app, _, stdout, _ := newTestApp()
+	require.Nil(t, runWebPushCommand(app, server.NewConfig(), "keys", "--output-file=key-file.yaml"))
+	require.Contains(t, stdout.String(), "Web Push keys written to key-file.yaml")
+	require.FileExists(t, filepath.Join(tempDir, "key-file.yaml"))
+}
+
+func runWebPushCommand(app *cli.App, conf *server.Config, args ...string) error {
+	webPushArgs := []string{
+		"ntfy",
+		"--log-level=ERROR",
+		"webpush",
+	}
+	return app.Run(append(webPushArgs, args...))
+}

db/db.go

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+package db
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
+)
+
+const (
+	tag                            = "db"
+	replicaHealthCheckInitialDelay = 5 * time.Second
+	replicaHealthCheckInterval     = 30 * time.Second
+	replicaHealthCheckTimeout      = 10 * time.Second
+)
+
+// DB wraps a primary *sql.DB and optional read replicas. All standard query/exec methods
+// delegate to the primary. The ReadOnly() method returns a *sql.DB from a healthy replica
+// (round-robin), falling back to the primary if no replicas are configured or all are unhealthy.
+type DB struct {
+	primary  *Host
+	replicas []*Host
+	counter  atomic.Uint64
+	cancel   context.CancelFunc
+}
+
+// New creates a new DB that wraps the given primary and optional replica connections.
+// If replicas is nil or empty, ReadOnly() simply returns the primary.
+// Replicas start unhealthy and are checked immediately by a background goroutine.
+func New(primary *Host, replicas []*Host) *DB {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	d := &DB{
+		primary:  primary,
+		replicas: replicas,
+		cancel:   cancel,
+	}
+	if len(d.replicas) > 0 {
+		go d.healthCheckLoop(ctx)
+	}
+	return d
+}
+
+// Query delegates to the primary database.
+func (d *DB) Query(query string, args ...any) (*sql.Rows, error) {
+	return d.primary.DB.Query(query, args...)
+}
+
+// QueryRow delegates to the primary database.
+func (d *DB) QueryRow(query string, args ...any) *sql.Row {
+	return d.primary.DB.QueryRow(query, args...)
+}
+
+// Exec delegates to the primary database.
+func (d *DB) Exec(query string, args ...any) (sql.Result, error) {
+	return d.primary.DB.Exec(query, args...)
+}
+
+// Begin delegates to the primary database.
+func (d *DB) Begin() (*sql.Tx, error) {
+	return d.primary.DB.Begin()
+}
+
+// Ping delegates to the primary database.
+func (d *DB) Ping() error {
+	return d.primary.DB.Ping()
+}
+
+// Primary returns the underlying primary *sql.DB. This is only intended for
+// one-time schema setup during store initialization, not for regular queries.
+func (d *DB) Primary() *sql.DB {
+	return d.primary.DB
+}
+
+// ReadOnly returns a *sql.DB suitable for read-only queries. It round-robins across healthy
+// replicas. If all replicas are unhealthy or none are configured, the primary is returned.
+func (d *DB) ReadOnly() *sql.DB {
+	if len(d.replicas) == 0 {
+		return d.primary.DB
+	}
+	n := len(d.replicas)
+	start := int(d.counter.Add(1) - 1)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		r := d.replicas[(start+i)%n]
+		if r.healthy.Load() {
+			return r.DB
+		}
+	}
+	return d.primary.DB
+}
+
+// MarkReplicasHealthyForTest immediately marks all configured replicas as healthy, bypassing the
+// async health-check loop's initial delay. It exists so tests can deterministically route
+// ReadOnly() to a replica without waiting; it is not used in production code.
+func (d *DB) MarkReplicasHealthyForTest() {
+	for _, r := range d.replicas {
+		r.healthy.Store(true)
+	}
+}
+
+// Close closes the primary database and all replicas, and stops the health-check goroutine.
+func (d *DB) Close() error {
+	d.cancel()
+	for _, r := range d.replicas {
+		r.DB.Close()
+	}
+	return d.primary.DB.Close()
+}
+
+// healthCheckLoop checks replicas immediately, then periodically on a ticker.
+func (d *DB) healthCheckLoop(ctx context.Context) {
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return
+	case <-time.After(replicaHealthCheckInitialDelay):
+		d.checkReplicas(ctx)
+	}
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-time.After(replicaHealthCheckInterval):
+			d.checkReplicas(ctx)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// checkReplicas pings each replica with a timeout and updates its health status.
+func (d *DB) checkReplicas(ctx context.Context) {
+	for _, r := range d.replicas {
+		wasHealthy := r.healthy.Load()
+		pingCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, replicaHealthCheckTimeout)
+		err := r.DB.PingContext(pingCtx)
+		cancel()
+		if err != nil {
+			r.healthy.Store(false)
+			log.Tag(tag).Error("Database replica %s is unhealthy: %s", r.Addr, err)
+		} else {
+			r.healthy.Store(true)
+			if !wasHealthy {
+				log.Tag(tag).Info("Database replica %s is healthy", r.Addr)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

db/pg/pg.go

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package pg
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	_ "github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/stdlib" // PostgreSQL driver
+
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/db"
+)
+
+// Advisory lock keys. PostgreSQL advisory locks share one database-wide key space, so every
+// ntfy key is defined here, following the "ntfy"+2586+letter scheme
+const (
+	SchemaLockKey = int64(0x6e7466792586a) // Schema setup serialization (transaction-scoped, see db/schema)
+)
+
+// Open opens a PostgreSQL connection pool for a primary database. It pings the database
+// to verify connectivity before returning.
+func Open(dsn string) (*db.Host, error) {
+	d, err := open(dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open database: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := d.DB.Ping(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("database ping failed on %v: %w", d.Addr, err)
+	}
+	return d, nil
+}
+
+// OpenReplica opens a PostgreSQL connection pool for a read replica. Unlike Open, it does
+// not ping the database, since replicas are health-checked in the background by db.DB.
+func OpenReplica(dsn string) (*db.Host, error) {
+	return open(dsn)
+}
+
+// open opens a PostgreSQL database connection pool from a DSN string. It supports custom
+// query parameters for pool configuration: pool_max_conns (default 10), pool_max_idle_conns,
+// pool_conn_max_lifetime, and pool_conn_max_idle_time. These parameters are stripped from
+// the DSN before passing it to the driver.
+func open(dsn string) (*db.Host, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid database URL: %w", err)
+	}
+	switch u.Scheme {
+	case "postgres", "postgresql":
+		// OK
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid database URL scheme %q, must be \"postgres\" or \"postgresql\" (URL: %s)", u.Scheme, censorPassword(u))
+	}
+	q := u.Query()
+	maxOpenConns, err := extractIntParam(q, "pool_max_conns", 10)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	maxIdleConns, err := extractIntParam(q, "pool_max_idle_conns", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	connMaxLifetime, err := extractDurationParam(q, "pool_conn_max_lifetime", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	connMaxIdleTime, err := extractDurationParam(q, "pool_conn_max_idle_time", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+	d, err := sql.Open("pgx", u.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	d.SetMaxOpenConns(maxOpenConns)
+	if maxIdleConns > 0 {
+		d.SetMaxIdleConns(maxIdleConns)
+	}
+	if connMaxLifetime > 0 {
+		d.SetConnMaxLifetime(connMaxLifetime)
+	}
+	if connMaxIdleTime > 0 {
+		d.SetConnMaxIdleTime(connMaxIdleTime)
+	}
+	return &db.Host{
+		Addr: u.Host,
+		DB:   d,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func extractIntParam(q url.Values, key string, defaultValue int) (int, error) {
+	s := q.Get(key)
+	if s == "" {
+		return defaultValue, nil
+	}
+	q.Del(key)
+	v, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid %s value %q: %w", key, s, err)
+	}
+	return v, nil
+}
+
+// censorPassword returns a string representation of the URL with the password replaced by "*****".
+func censorPassword(u *url.URL) string {
+	if password, hasPassword := u.User.Password(); hasPassword {
+		return strings.Replace(u.String(), ":"+password+"@", ":*****@", 1)
+	}
+	return u.String()
+}
+
+func extractDurationParam(q url.Values, key string, defaultValue time.Duration) (time.Duration, error) {
+	s := q.Get(key)
+	if s == "" {
+		return defaultValue, nil
+	}
+	q.Del(key)
+	d, err := time.ParseDuration(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid %s value %q: %w", key, s, err)
+	}
+	return d, nil
+}

db/pg/pg_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package pg
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestOpen_InvalidScheme(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := Open("postgresql+psycopg2://user:pass@localhost/db")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), `invalid database URL scheme "postgresql+psycopg2"`)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "*****")
+	require.NotContains(t, err.Error(), "pass")
+}
+
+func TestOpen_InvalidURL(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := Open("not a valid url\x00")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid database URL")
+}
+
+func TestCensorPassword(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		url      string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "with password",
+			url:      "postgres://user:secret@localhost/db",
+			expected: "postgres://user:*****@localhost/db",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "without password",
+			url:      "postgres://localhost/db",
+			expected: "postgres://localhost/db",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "user only",
+			url:      "postgres://user@localhost/db",
+			expected: "postgres://user@localhost/db",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			u, err := url.Parse(tt.url)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.expected, censorPassword(u))
+		})
+	}
+}

db/schema/schema.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Package schema tracks and migrates database schemas, and Migrate creates or upgrades a
+// store's schema inside a single transaction. On PostgreSQL, all stores share one database, so
+// versions live in a shared schema_version table keyed by store name. On SQLite, every store is
+// its own database file, so the version lives in the schemaVersion table keyed by id = 1.
+package schema
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/db/pg"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/log"
+)
+
+const (
+	tag = "schema"
+)
+
+const (
+	sqliteCreateVersionTableQuery = `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS schemaVersion (id INT PRIMARY KEY, version INT NOT NULL)`
+	sqliteSelectVersionQuery      = `SELECT version FROM schemaVersion WHERE id = 1`
+	sqliteUpsertVersionQuery      = `INSERT INTO schemaVersion (id, version) VALUES (1, ?) ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE SET version = excluded.version`
+
+	postgresCreateVersionTableQuery = `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS schema_version (store TEXT PRIMARY KEY, version INT NOT NULL)`
+	postgresSelectVersionQuery      = `SELECT version FROM schema_version WHERE store = $1`
+	postgresUpsertVersionQuery      = `INSERT INTO schema_version (store, version) VALUES ($1, $2) ON CONFLICT (store) DO UPDATE SET version = EXCLUDED.version`
+	postgresAdvisoryLockQuery       = `SELECT pg_advisory_xact_lock($1)` // Transaction-scoped lock to avoid migration races
+)
+
+// Migrate creates or upgrades the named store's schema to targetVersion in one transaction, or
+// creates a new database using the "create" function.
+func Migrate(db *sql.DB, dialect Dialect, store string, targetVersion int, create MigrateFunc, migrations map[int]MigrateFunc) error {
+	if dialect != Postgres && dialect != SQLite {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported schema dialect %d", dialect)
+	}
+	tx, err := db.Begin()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot begin %s schema transaction: %w", store, err)
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+	if dialect == Postgres {
+		// Serialize setup across nodes: CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS is not atomic, and
+		// concurrently cold-booting nodes would otherwise race on DDL and crash
+		if _, err := tx.Exec(postgresAdvisoryLockQuery, pg.SchemaLockKey); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot acquire %s schema advisory lock: %w", store, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := tx.Exec(createVersionTableQuery(dialect)); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot create schema version table: %w", err)
+	}
+	version, err := readVersion(tx, dialect, store)
+	if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
+		// Fresh database: create the store's tables at the target version
+		if err := create(tx); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot create %s schema: %w", store, err)
+		}
+		if err := writeVersion(tx, dialect, store, targetVersion); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot write %s schema version: %w", store, err)
+		}
+		return tx.Commit()
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot read %s schema version: %w", store, err)
+	}
+	if version == targetVersion {
+		return tx.Commit()
+	}
+	if version > targetVersion {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected %s schema version %d, this version of ntfy supports up to %d", store, version, targetVersion)
+	}
+	for v := version; v < targetVersion; v++ {
+		migrate, ok := migrations[v]
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot find %s migration step from version %d to %d", store, v, v+1)
+		}
+		log.Tag(tag).Info("Migrating %s database schema: from %d to %d", store, v, v+1)
+		if err := migrate(tx); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s migration step from version %d to %d failed: %w", store, v, v+1, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := writeVersion(tx, dialect, store, targetVersion); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot write %s schema version: %w", store, err)
+	}
+	return tx.Commit()
+}
+
+func createVersionTableQuery(dialect Dialect) string {
+	if dialect == Postgres {
+		return postgresCreateVersionTableQuery
+	}
+	return sqliteCreateVersionTableQuery
+}
+
+func readVersion(tx *sql.Tx, dialect Dialect, store string) (version int, err error) {
+	if dialect == Postgres {
+		err = tx.QueryRow(postgresSelectVersionQuery, store).Scan(&version)
+	} else {
+		err = tx.QueryRow(sqliteSelectVersionQuery).Scan(&version)
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func writeVersion(tx *sql.Tx, dialect Dialect, store string, version int) error {
+	var err error
+	if dialect == Postgres {
+		_, err = tx.Exec(postgresUpsertVersionQuery, store, version)
+	} else {
+		_, err = tx.Exec(sqliteUpsertVersionQuery, version)
+	}
+	return err
+}

db/schema/schema_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+package schema_test
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/db/pg"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/db/schema"
+	dbtest "heckel.io/ntfy/v2/db/test"
+
+	_ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
+)
+
+const testCreateQuery = `CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS things (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL)`
+
+func testCreate(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+	_, err := tx.Exec(testCreateQuery)
+	return err
+}
+
+func openTestPostgres(t *testing.T) *sql.DB {
+	t.Helper()
+	host, err := pg.Open(dbtest.CreateTestPostgresSchema(t))
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { host.DB.Close() })
+	return host.DB
+}
+
+func openTestSQLite(t *testing.T) *sql.DB {
+	t.Helper()
+	d, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "test.db"))
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { d.Close() })
+	return d
+}
+
+func forEachDialect(t *testing.T, f func(t *testing.T, d *sql.DB, dialect schema.Dialect)) {
+	t.Run("postgres", func(t *testing.T) {
+		f(t, openTestPostgres(t), schema.Postgres)
+	})
+	t.Run("sqlite", func(t *testing.T) {
+		f(t, openTestSQLite(t), schema.SQLite)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMigrate_FreshCreate(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachDialect(t, func(t *testing.T, d *sql.DB, dialect schema.Dialect) {
+		// A fresh database jumps straight to the target version; migration steps are not consulted
+		require.Nil(t, schema.Migrate(d, dialect, "things", 3, testCreate, nil))
+		_, err := d.Exec(`INSERT INTO things (id, name) VALUES ('a', 'thing a')`)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 3, storeVersion(t, d, dialect, "things"))
+		// Idempotent: a second node boots against the migrated schema
+		require.Nil(t, schema.Migrate(d, dialect, "things", 3, testCreate, nil))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMigrate_AppliesMigrationSteps(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachDialect(t, func(t *testing.T, d *sql.DB, dialect schema.Dialect) {
+		require.Nil(t, schema.Migrate(d, dialect, "things", 1, testCreate, nil))
+		// A newer version of the code migrates 1 -> 3 step by step, in order
+		migrations := map[int]schema.MigrateFunc{
+			1: func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+				_, err := tx.Exec(`ALTER TABLE things ADD COLUMN color TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''`)
+				return err
+			},
+			2: func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+				_, err := tx.Exec(`ALTER TABLE things ADD COLUMN size INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0`)
+				return err
+			},
+		}
+		require.Nil(t, schema.Migrate(d, dialect, "things", 3, testCreate, migrations))
+		_, err := d.Exec(`INSERT INTO things (id, name, color, size) VALUES ('b', 'thing b', 'red', 2)`)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, 3, storeVersion(t, d, dialect, "things"))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMigrate_ClosureCarriesConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	// Migrations needing config take it via closure at map-construction time; there is no
+	// params plumbing in the framework itself
+	migrationsFor := func(defaultName string) map[int]schema.MigrateFunc {
+		return map[int]schema.MigrateFunc{
+			1: schema.AsMigrateFunc(fmt.Sprintf(`ALTER TABLE things ADD COLUMN nick TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '%s'`, defaultName)),
+		}
+	}
+	forEachDialect(t, func(t *testing.T, d *sql.DB, dialect schema.Dialect) {
+		require.Nil(t, schema.Migrate(d, dialect, "things", 1, testCreate, nil))
+		_, err := d.Exec(`INSERT INTO things (id, name) VALUES ('a', 'thing a')`)
+		require.Nil(t, err)
+		require.Nil(t, schema.Migrate(d, dialect, "things", 2, testCreate, migrationsFor("configured-default")))
+		var nick string
+		require.Nil(t, d.QueryRow(`SELECT nick FROM things WHERE id = 'a'`).Scan(&nick))
+		require.Equal(t, "configured-default", nick)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMigrate_InvalidDialect(t *testing.T) {
+	d := openTestSQLite(t)
+	err := schema.Migrate(d, schema.Dialect(99), "things", 1, testCreate, nil)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestMigrate_RefusesFutureVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachDialect(t, func(t *testing.T, d *sql.DB, dialect schema.Dialect) {
+		require.Nil(t, schema.Migrate(d, dialect, "things", 2, testCreate, map[int]schema.MigrateFunc{}))
+		err := schema.Migrate(d, dialect, "things", 1, testCreate, nil)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMigrate_MissingStepFails(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachDialect(t, func(t *testing.T, d *sql.DB, dialect schema.Dialect) {
+		require.Nil(t, schema.Migrate(d, dialect, "things", 1, testCreate, nil))
+		err := schema.Migrate(d, dialect, "things", 3, testCreate, nil) // No step 1 -> 2 registered
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMigrate_StoresAreIndependent(t *testing.T) {
+	// Postgres only: stores share one database, tracked as rows in schema_version. On SQLite
+	// every store has its own database file, so independence is by file.
+	d := openTestPostgres(t)
+	require.Nil(t, schema.Migrate(d, schema.Postgres, "things", 1, testCreate, nil))
+	require.Nil(t, schema.Migrate(d, schema.Postgres, "gadgets", 4, func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+		_, err := tx.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS gadgets (id TEXT PRIMARY KEY)`)
+		return err
+	}, nil))
+	require.Equal(t, 1, storeVersion(t, d, schema.Postgres, "things"))
+	require.Equal(t, 4, storeVersion(t, d, schema.Postgres, "gadgets"))
+}
+
+func TestMigrate_SQLiteReadsExistingSchemaVersionTable(t *testing.T) {
+	// Existing ntfy SQLite databases (message, user, webpush) track their version in a
+	// schemaVersion (id, version) table keyed by id = 1; the framework uses that table as-is
+	// on SQLite, so existing databases migrate without any adoption step
+	d := openTestSQLite(t)
+	_, err := d.Exec(testCreateQuery)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	_, err = d.Exec(`CREATE TABLE schemaVersion (id INT PRIMARY KEY, version INT NOT NULL)`)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	_, err = d.Exec(`INSERT INTO schemaVersion VALUES (1, 1)`)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	migrations := map[int]schema.MigrateFunc{
+		1: func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+			_, err := tx.Exec(`ALTER TABLE things ADD COLUMN color TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT ''`)
+			return err
+		},
+	}
+	require.Nil(t, schema.Migrate(d, schema.SQLite, "things", 2, testCreate, migrations))
+	_, err = d.Exec(`INSERT INTO things (id, name, color) VALUES ('a', 'thing a', 'red')`)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, storeVersion(t, d, schema.SQLite, "things"))
+}
+
+func TestMigrate_ConcurrentFreshCreate(t *testing.T) {
+	// Postgres only: concurrent cold-boots must not race on DDL (CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS is
+	// not atomic); Migrate serializes via an advisory lock. SQLite has a single writer.
+	schemaDSN := dbtest.CreateTestPostgresSchema(t)
+	const n = 8
+	errs := make(chan error, n)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		go func() {
+			host, err := pg.Open(schemaDSN)
+			if err != nil {
+				errs <- err
+				return
+			}
+			defer host.DB.Close()
+			errs <- schema.Migrate(host.DB, schema.Postgres, "things", 1, testCreate, nil)
+		}()
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		require.Nil(t, <-errs)
+	}
+}
+
+func storeVersion(t *testing.T, d *sql.DB, dialect schema.Dialect, store string) int {
+	t.Helper()
+	var version int
+	if dialect == schema.Postgres {
+		require.Nil(t, d.QueryRow(`SELECT version FROM schema_version WHERE store = $1`, store).Scan(&version), fmt.Sprintf("store %s", store))
+	} else {
+		require.Nil(t, d.QueryRow(`SELECT version FROM schemaVersion WHERE id = 1`).Scan(&version), fmt.Sprintf("store %s", store))
+	}
+	return version
+}

db/schema/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package schema
+
+import "database/sql"
+
+// Dialect selects the SQL flavor Migrate speaks to the version table.
+type Dialect int
+
+// Supported dialects; SQLite is the zero value
+const (
+	SQLite Dialect = iota
+	Postgres
+)
+
+// MigrateFunc applies one schema change inside the setup transaction: the initial creation of
+// a store's tables, or one step upgrading a store from version N to N+1. Migrations needing
+// config capture it via closure, e.g. func migrations(cacheDuration time.Duration) map[int]MigrateFunc.
+type MigrateFunc func(tx *sql.Tx) error
+
+// AsMigrateFunc converts a simple query to a migration function
+func AsMigrateFunc(query string) MigrateFunc {
+	return func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+		_, err := tx.Exec(query)
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
+// NopMigrateFunc is a migration step that does nothing, for versions where a dialect has no
+// work to do (e.g. when only the other dialect's schema changed).
+func NopMigrateFunc(_ *sql.Tx) error {
+	return nil
+}

db/test/schema.go

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+package dbtest
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// Querier is the subset of *sql.DB / *db.DB needed to introspect a schema.
+type Querier interface {
+	Query(query string, args ...any) (*sql.Rows, error)
+}
+
+// SQLiteSchema returns a normalized, comparable description of the database schema: tables
+// with their columns, named indexes, and foreign keys. Column order, declared type spelling
+// (INT vs INTEGER) and default values are not part of the description, so the schema produced
+// by a migration chain can be compared to a freshly created one.
+func SQLiteSchema(t testing.TB, d Querier) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	lines := make([]string, 0)
+	for _, table := range sqliteTables(t, d) {
+		lines = append(lines, "table "+table)
+		lines = append(lines, sqliteColumns(t, d, table)...)
+		lines = append(lines, sqliteForeignKeys(t, d, table)...)
+		lines = append(lines, sqliteIndexes(t, d, table)...)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+}
+
+// PostgresSchema is SQLiteSchema's PostgreSQL counterpart, describing the current schema's
+// tables, columns, constraints and indexes in a normalized, comparable way.
+func PostgresSchema(t testing.TB, d Querier) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	lines := make([]string, 0)
+	for _, table := range postgresTables(t, d) {
+		lines = append(lines, "table "+table)
+		lines = append(lines, postgresColumns(t, d, table)...)
+	}
+	lines = append(lines, postgresConstraints(t, d)...)
+	lines = append(lines, postgresIndexes(t, d)...)
+	return strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+}
+
+func sqliteTables(t testing.TB, d Querier) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	return queryStrings(t, d, `SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table' AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' ORDER BY name`)
+}
+
+func sqliteColumns(t testing.TB, d Querier, table string) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	rows, err := d.Query(fmt.Sprintf(`PRAGMA table_info(%q)`, table))
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	defer rows.Close()
+	lines := make([]string, 0)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var cid, notNull, pk int
+		var name, typ string
+		var dflt sql.NullString
+		require.Nil(t, rows.Scan(&cid, &name, &typ, &notNull, &dflt, &pk))
+		typ = strings.ToUpper(typ)
+		if typ == "INT" { // INT and INTEGER are the same affinity; migrations spell them inconsistently
+			typ = "INTEGER"
+		}
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("  col %s %s notnull=%d pk=%d", name, typ, notNull, pk))
+	}
+	require.Nil(t, rows.Err())
+	sort.Strings(lines)
+	return lines
+}
+
+func sqliteForeignKeys(t testing.TB, d Querier, table string) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	rows, err := d.Query(fmt.Sprintf(`PRAGMA foreign_key_list(%q)`, table))
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	defer rows.Close()
+	lines := make([]string, 0)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var id, seq int
+		var refTable, from, onUpdate, onDelete, match string
+		var to sql.NullString // NULL when referencing the parent's primary key implicitly
+		require.Nil(t, rows.Scan(&id, &seq, &refTable, &from, &to, &onUpdate, &onDelete, &match))
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("  fk %s -> %s(%s) on_delete=%s", from, refTable, to.String, onDelete))
+	}
+	require.Nil(t, rows.Err())
+	sort.Strings(lines)
+	return lines
+}
+
+func sqliteIndexes(t testing.TB, d Querier, table string) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	rows, err := d.Query(fmt.Sprintf(`PRAGMA index_list(%q)`, table))
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	type index struct {
+		name            string
+		unique, partial int
+	}
+	indexes := make([]index, 0)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var seq, unique, partial int
+		var name, origin string
+		require.Nil(t, rows.Scan(&seq, &name, &unique, &origin, &partial))
+		// Skip auto-indexes backing PRIMARY KEY/UNIQUE table constraints; those are described
+		// by the column and constraint listings already
+		if strings.HasPrefix(name, "sqlite_autoindex_") {
+			continue
+		}
+		indexes = append(indexes, index{name, unique, partial})
+	}
+	require.Nil(t, rows.Err())
+	require.Nil(t, rows.Close())
+	lines := make([]string, 0, len(indexes))
+	for _, idx := range indexes {
+		cols := queryStrings(t, d, fmt.Sprintf(`SELECT name FROM pragma_index_info(%q) ORDER BY seqno`, idx.name))
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("  index %s unique=%d partial=%d cols=(%s)", idx.name, idx.unique, idx.partial, strings.Join(cols, ",")))
+	}
+	sort.Strings(lines)
+	return lines
+}
+
+func postgresTables(t testing.TB, d Querier) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	return queryStrings(t, d, `SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = current_schema() AND table_type = 'BASE TABLE' ORDER BY table_name`)
+}
+
+func postgresColumns(t testing.TB, d Querier, table string) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	rows, err := d.Query(`SELECT column_name, data_type, is_nullable FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_schema = current_schema() AND table_name = $1 ORDER BY column_name`, table)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	defer rows.Close()
+	lines := make([]string, 0)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var name, typ, nullable string
+		require.Nil(t, rows.Scan(&name, &typ, &nullable))
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("  col %s %s nullable=%s", name, typ, nullable))
+	}
+	require.Nil(t, rows.Err())
+	return lines
+}
+
+func postgresConstraints(t testing.TB, d Querier) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	return queryStrings(t, d, `
+		SELECT 'constraint ' || conrelid::regclass::text || ': ' || pg_get_constraintdef(oid)
+		FROM pg_constraint
+		WHERE connamespace = current_schema()::regnamespace
+		ORDER BY 1
+	`)
+}
+
+func postgresIndexes(t testing.TB, d Querier) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	rows, err := d.Query(`SELECT indexname, indexdef, schemaname FROM pg_indexes WHERE schemaname = current_schema() ORDER BY indexname`)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	defer rows.Close()
+	lines := make([]string, 0)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var name, def, schema string
+		require.Nil(t, rows.Scan(&name, &def, &schema))
+		// The index definition qualifies the table with the (test-specific) schema name; strip
+		// it so snapshots from different test schemas compare equal
+		def = strings.ReplaceAll(def, schema+".", "")
+		lines = append(lines, "index "+def)
+	}
+	require.Nil(t, rows.Err())
+	return lines
+}
+
+func queryStrings(t testing.TB, d Querier, query string) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	rows, err := d.Query(query)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	defer rows.Close()
+	values := make([]string, 0)
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var value string
+		require.Nil(t, rows.Scan(&value))
+		values = append(values, value)
+	}
+	require.Nil(t, rows.Err())
+	return values
+}

db/test/test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package dbtest
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/db"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/db/pg"
+	"heckel.io/ntfy/v2/util"
+)
+
+const testPoolMaxConns = "2"
+
+// CreateTestPostgresSchema creates a temporary PostgreSQL schema and returns the DSN pointing to it.
+// It registers a cleanup function to drop the schema when the test finishes.
+// If NTFY_TEST_DATABASE_URL is not set, the test is skipped.
+func CreateTestPostgresSchema(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	dsn := os.Getenv("NTFY_TEST_DATABASE_URL")
+	if dsn == "" {
+		t.Skip("NTFY_TEST_DATABASE_URL not set")
+	}
+	schema := fmt.Sprintf("test_%s", util.RandomString(10))
+	u, err := url.Parse(dsn)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	q := u.Query()
+	q.Set("pool_max_conns", testPoolMaxConns)
+	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+	dsn = u.String()
+	setupHost, err := pg.Open(dsn)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	_, err = setupHost.DB.Exec(fmt.Sprintf("CREATE SCHEMA %s", schema))
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, setupHost.DB.Close())
+	q.Set("search_path", schema)
+	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+	schemaDSN := u.String()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		cleanHost, err := pg.Open(dsn)
+		if err == nil {
+			cleanHost.DB.Exec(fmt.Sprintf("DROP SCHEMA %s CASCADE", schema))
+			cleanHost.DB.Close()
+		}
+	})
+	return schemaDSN
+}
+
+// CreateTestPostgres creates a temporary PostgreSQL schema and returns an open *db.DB connection to it.
+// It registers cleanup functions to close the DB and drop the schema when the test finishes.
+// If NTFY_TEST_DATABASE_URL is not set, the test is skipped.
+func CreateTestPostgres(t *testing.T) *db.DB {
+	t.Helper()
+	schemaDSN := CreateTestPostgresSchema(t)
+	testHost, err := pg.Open(schemaDSN)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	d := db.New(testHost, nil)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		d.Close()
+	})
+	return d
+}

db/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package db
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"sync/atomic"
+)
+
+// Beginner is an interface for types that can begin a database transaction.
+// Both *sql.DB and *DB implement this.
+type Beginner interface {
+	Begin() (*sql.Tx, error)
+}
+
+// Querier is an interface for types that can execute SQL queries.
+// *sql.DB, *sql.Tx, and *DB all implement this.
+type Querier interface {
+	Query(query string, args ...any) (*sql.Rows, error)
+}
+
+// Host pairs a *sql.DB with the host:port it was opened against.
+type Host struct {
+	Addr    string // "host:port"
+	DB      *sql.DB
+	healthy atomic.Bool
+}

db/util.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package db
+
+import "database/sql"
+
+// ExecTx executes a function within a database transaction. If the function returns an error,
+// the transaction is rolled back. Otherwise, the transaction is committed.
+func ExecTx(db Beginner, f func(tx *sql.Tx) error) error {
+	tx, err := db.Begin()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+	if err := f(tx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return tx.Commit()
+}
+
+// QueryTx executes a function within a database transaction and returns the result. If the function
+// returns an error, the transaction is rolled back. Otherwise, the transaction is committed.
+func QueryTx[T any](db Beginner, f func(tx *sql.Tx) (T, error)) (T, error) {
+	tx, err := db.Begin()
+	if err != nil {
+		var zero T
+		return zero, err
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+	t, err := f(tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return t, err
+	}
+	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return t, err
+	}
+	return t, nil
+}

docker-compose.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-version: "2.1"
 services:
   ntfy:
     image: binwiederhier/ntfy
@@ -14,4 +13,3 @@ services:
     ports:
       - 80:80
     restart: unless-stopped
-

docs/_overrides/main.html

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+{% extends "base.html" %}
+
+{% block announce %}
+<style>
+    div[data-md-component="announce"] {
+        z-index: 10;
+    }
+
+    div[data-md-component="announce"] a {
+        color: white;
+    }
+
+    div[data-md-component="announce"] a:hover, div[data-md-component="announce"] a:focus {
+        transition: ease-in 150ms;
+        color: #ccc;
+    }
+
+    div[data-md-component="announce"] .md-banner__button {
+        color: #ccc;
+    }
+
+    div[data-md-component="announce"] .md-banner.hidden {
+        display: none;
+    }
+
+    div[data-md-component="announce"] .twemoji {
+        margin-top: 2px;
+    }
+</style>
+<button id="announce-bar-close" class="md-banner__button md-icon" aria-label="Don't show this again">
+    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
+        <path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41Z"></path>
+    </svg>
+</button>
+If you like ntfy, please consider sponsoring me via <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/sponsors/binwiederhier"><strong>GitHub Sponsors</strong></a>
+or <a target="_blank" href="https://en.liberapay.com/ntfy/"><strong>Liberapay</strong></a>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 36 36" class="twemoji md-footer-custom-text">
+    <path fill="#DD2E44" d="M35.885 11.833c0-5.45-4.418-9.868-9.867-9.868-3.308 0-6.227 1.633-8.018 4.129-1.791-2.496-4.71-4.129-8.017-4.129-5.45 0-9.868 4.417-9.868 9.868 0 .772.098 1.52.266 2.241C1.751 22.587 11.216 31.568 18 34.034c6.783-2.466 16.249-11.447 17.617-19.959.17-.721.268-1.469.268-2.242z"/>
+</svg>, or subscribing to <a target="_blank" href="https://ntfy.sh/app"><strong>ntfy Pro</strong></a>.
+<script>
+    announceBarKey = 'announce-bar-closed-sponsor';
+    document.getElementById('announce-bar-close').addEventListener('click', (e) => {
+        localStorage.setItem(announceBarKey, 'true');
+        document.querySelector('div[data-md-component="announce"] .md-banner').style.display = 'none';
+    });
+    if (localStorage.getItem(announceBarKey) === 'true') {
+        document.querySelector('div[data-md-component="announce"] .md-banner').style.display = 'none';
+    }
+</script>
+{% endblock %}

docs/contact.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Contact
+
+This service is run by [Philipp C. Heckel](https://heckel.io). There are several ways to get in touch with me and the 
+ntfy community. Please choose the appropriate channel based on your needs.
+
+## Support
+
+### Community support
+
+For general questions, feature discussions, and community help, please use one of these public channels:
+
+| Channel           | Link                                                                                 | Description                                                |
+|-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
+| **Discord**       | [discord.gg/cT7ECsZj9w](https://discord.gg/cT7ECsZj9w)                               | Real-time chat with the community (I'm `binwiederhier`)    |
+| **Matrix**        | [#ntfy:matrix.org](https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy:matrix.org)                             | Bridged from Discord, same community (I'm `binwiederhier`) |
+| **Matrix Space**  | [#ntfy-space:matrix.org](https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy-space:matrix.org)                 | Matrix space with all ntfy rooms                           |
+| **GitHub Issues** | [github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/issues](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/issues) | Bug reports and feature requests                           |
+
+!!! info "Why public channels?"
+    Answering questions in public channels benefits the entire community. Other users can learn from the 
+    discussion, and answers can be referenced later. This is much more scalable than 1-on-1 support.
+
+### Paid support
+
+If you are subscribed to a [ntfy Pro](https://ntfy.sh/#pricing) plan, you are entitled to priority support 
+via the following channels:
+
+| Channel               | Contact                                             | Description                              |
+|-----------------------|-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
+| **General Support**   | [support@mail.ntfy.sh](mailto:support@mail.ntfy.sh) | Direct email support for Pro subscribers |
+| **Billing Inquiries** | [billing@mail.ntfy.sh](mailto:billing@mail.ntfy.sh) | Inquire about billing issues             |
+| **Discord/Matrix**    | Mention your Pro status                             | Priority responses in community channels |
+
+Please include your ntfy.sh username when contacting support so we can verify your subscription status.
+
+## Security issues
+
+If you discover a security vulnerability, please report it responsibly via [security@mail.ntfy.sh](mailto:security@mail.ntfy.sh). See also: [SECURITY.md](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/blob/main/SECURITY.md).
+
+## Abuse reports
+
+To report spam, phishing, or other abuse of ntfy.sh, please email [abuse@mail.ntfy.sh](mailto:abuse@mail.ntfy.sh).
+Please include the topic name and any relevant message details so we can investigate.
+
+## Other inquiries
+
+For questions about our [privacy policy](privacy.md), data handling, or to exercise your data rights 
+(access, deletion, etc.), please email [privacy@mail.ntfy.sh](mailto:privacy@mail.ntfy.sh).
+
+For business inquiries, partnerships, press, or other general questions that don't fit the categories above, please
+use [contact@mail.ntfy.sh](mailto:contact@mail.ntfy.sh).

docs/contributing.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Contributing
+
+Thank you for your interest in contributing to ntfy! There are many ways to help, whether you're a developer,
+translator, or just an enthusiastic user.
+
+## Code contributions
+
+If you'd like to contribute code to ntfy:
+
+1. Check out the [development guide](develop.md) to set up your environment
+2. Look at [open issues](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/issues) for ideas, or propose your own
+3. For larger features or architectural changes, please reach out on [Discord/Matrix](contact.md) first to discuss 
+   before investing significant time
+4. Submit a pull request on GitHub
+
+All contributions are welcome, from small bug fixes to major features.
+
+## Translations
+
+Help make ntfy accessible to users around the world! We use Hosted Weblate for translations:
+
+- **Weblate**: [hosted.weblate.org/projects/ntfy](https://hosted.weblate.org/projects/ntfy/)
+
+You can start translating immediately without any coding knowledge.
+
+## Documentation
+
+Found a typo? Want to improve the docs? Documentation contributions are very welcome:
+
+- Edit any page directly on GitHub using the edit button
+- Submit a pull request with your improvements
+
+## Bug reports and feature requests
+
+- **GitHub Issues**: [github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/issues](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/issues)
+
+Please search existing issues before creating a new one to avoid duplicates.
+
+## Code of Conduct
+
+Please be respectful and constructive in all interactions. See the 
+[Code of Conduct](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md) for details.
+

docs/deprecations.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Deprecation notices
+# Deprecations and breaking changes
 This page is used to list deprecation notices for ntfy. Deprecated commands and options will be 
 **removed after 1-3 months** from the time they were deprecated. How long the feature is deprecated
 before the behavior is changed depends on the severity of the change, and how prominent the feature is.

docs/develop.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 Hurray 🥳 🎉, you are interested in writing code for ntfy! **That's awesome.** 😎
 
 I tried my very best to write up detailed instructions, but if at any point in time you run into issues, don't 
-hesitate to **contact me on [Discord](https://discord.gg/cT7ECsZj9w) or [Matrix](https://matrix.to/#/#ntfy:matrix.org)**.
+hesitate to reach out via one of the channels listed on the [contact page](contact.md).
 
 ## ntfy server
 The ntfy server source code is available [on GitHub](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy). The codebase for the
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ server consists of three components:
 * **The documentation** is generated by [MkDocs](https://www.mkdocs.org/) and [Material for MkDocs](https://squidfunk.github.io/mkdocs-material/),
   which is written in [Python](https://www.python.org/). You'll need Python and MkDocs (via `pip`) only if you want to
   build the docs.
-* **The web app** is written in [React](https://reactjs.org/), using [MUI](https://mui.com/). It uses [Create React App](https://create-react-app.dev/)
+* **The web app** is written in [React](https://reactjs.org/), using [MUI](https://mui.com/). It uses [Vite](https://vitejs.dev/)
   to build the production build. If you want to modify the web app, you need [nodejs](https://nodejs.org/en/) (for `npm`) 
   and install all the 100,000 dependencies (*sigh*).
 
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ These steps **assume Ubuntu**. Steps may vary on different Linux distributions.
 
 First, install [Go](https://go.dev/) (see [official instructions](https://go.dev/doc/install)):
 ``` shell
-wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.19.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
-sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go && sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.19.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
+wget https://go.dev/dl/go1.25.8.linux-amd64.tar.gz
+sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go && sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.25.8.linux-amd64.tar.gz
 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin:$HOME/go/bin
 go version   # verifies that it worked
 ```
@@ -77,9 +77,11 @@ go install github.com/goreleaser/goreleaser@latest
 goreleaser -v   # verifies that it worked
 ```
 
-Install [nodejs](https://nodejs.org/en/) (see [official instructions](https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/)):
+Install [nodejs](https://nodejs.org/en/) (see [official instructions](https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/)).
+Use a current LTS release (Node 24 is what CI builds with; anything older than Node 20 will not work
+with the current Vite-based web build):
 ``` shell
-curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | sudo -E bash -
+curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_24.x | sudo -E bash -
 sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
 npm -v   # verifies that it worked
 ```
@@ -163,6 +165,15 @@ $ make release-snapshot
 
 During development, you may want to be more picky and build only certain things. Here are a few examples.
 
+### Build a Docker image only for Linux
+
+This is useful to test the final build with web app, docs, and server without any dependencies locally
+
+``` shell
+$ make docker-dev
+$ docker run --rm -p 80:80 binwiederhier/ntfy:dev serve
+```
+
 ### Build the ntfy binary
 To build only the `ntfy` binary **without the web app or documentation**, use the `make cli-...` targets:
 
@@ -232,6 +243,42 @@ $ cd web
 $ npm start
 ```
 
+### Testing Web Push locally
+
+Reference: <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34160509/options-for-testing-service-workers-via-http>
+
+#### With the dev servers
+
+1. Get web push keys `go run main.go webpush keys`
+
+2. Run the server with web push enabled
+
+    ```sh
+    go run main.go \
+      --log-level debug \
+      serve \
+        --base-url http://localhost \
+        --web-push-public-key KEY \
+        --web-push-private-key KEY \
+        --web-push-email-address <email> \
+        --web-push-file=/tmp/webpush.db
+    ```
+
+3. In `web/public/config.js`:
+
+   - Set `base_url` to `http://localhost`, This is required as web push can only be used with the server matching the `base_url`.
+
+   - Set the `web_push_public_key` correctly.
+
+4. Run `npm run start`
+
+#### With a built package
+
+1. Run `make web-build`
+
+2. Run the server (step 2 above)
+
+3. Open <http://localhost/>
 ### Build the docs
 The sources for the docs live in `docs/`. Similarly to the web app, you can simply run `make docs` to build the 
 documentation. As long as you have `mkdocs` installed (see above), this should work fine:
@@ -296,10 +343,6 @@ Then either follow the steps for building with or without Firebase.
 Without Firebase, you may want to still change the default `app_base_url` in [values.xml](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy-android/blob/main/app/src/main/res/values/values.xml)
 if you're self-hosting the server. Then run:
 ```
-# Remove Google dependencies (FCM)
-sed -i -e '/google-services/d' build.gradle
-sed -i -e '/google-services/d' app/build.gradle
-
 # To build an unsigned .apk (app/build/outputs/apk/fdroid/*.apk)
 ./gradlew assembleFdroidRelease
 
@@ -307,6 +350,8 @@ sed -i -e '/google-services/d' app/build.gradle
 ./gradlew bundleFdroidRelease
 ```
 
+The F-Droid flavor automatically excludes Google Services dependencies.
+
 ### Build Play flavor (FCM)
 !!! info
     I do build the ntfy Android app using IntelliJ IDEA (Android Studio), so I don't know if these Gradle commands will
@@ -319,7 +364,7 @@ To build your own version with Firebase, you must:
 * And change `app_base_url` in [values.xml](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy-android/blob/main/app/src/main/res/values/values.xml)
 * Then run:
 ```
-# To build an unsigned .apk (app/build/outputs/apk/play/*.apk)
+# To build an unsigned .apk (app/build/outputs/apk/play/release/*.apk)
 ./gradlew assemblePlayRelease
 
 # To build a bundle .aab (app/play/release/*.aab)
@@ -340,7 +385,7 @@ strictly based off of my development on this app. There may be other versions of
 ### Apple setup
 
 !!! info
-    Along with this step, the [PLIST Deployment](#plist-deployment-and-configuration) step is also required 
+    Along with this step, the [PLIST Deployment](#plist-config) step is also required 
     for these changes to take effect in the iOS app.
 
 1. [Create a new key in Apple Developer Member Center](https://developer.apple.com/account/resources/authkeys/add)
@@ -385,7 +430,7 @@ steps:
 
 ### XCode setup
 
-1. Follow step 4 of [https://firebase.google.com/docs/ios/setup](Add Firebase to your Apple project) to install the 
+1. Follow step 4 of [Add Firebase to your Apple project](https://firebase.google.com/docs/ios/setup) to install the 
    `firebase-ios-sdk` in XCode, if it's not already present - you can select any packages in addition to Firebase Core / Firebase Messaging
 1. Similarly, install the SQLite.swift package dependency in XCode
 1. When running the debug build, ensure XCode is pointed to the connected iOS device - registering for push notifications does not work in the iOS simulators
@@ -397,6 +442,6 @@ To have instant notifications/better notification delivery when using firebase,
 1. In XCode, find the NTFY app target. **Not** the NSE app target.
 1. Find the Asset/ folder in the project navigator
 1. Drag the `GoogleService-Info.plist` file into the Asset/ folder that you get from the firebase console. It can be 
-   found in the "Project settings" > "General" > "Your apps"  with a button labled "GoogleService-Info.plist"
+   found in the "Project settings" > "General" > "Your apps"  with a button labeled "GoogleService-Info.plist"
 
 After that, you should be all set!

docs/examples.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ I started adding notifications pretty much all of my scripts. Typically, I just
 directly to the command I'm running. The following example will either send <i>Laptop backup succeeded</i>
 or ⚠️ <i>Laptop backup failed</i> directly to my phone:
 
-```
+``` bash
 rsync -a root@laptop /backups/laptop \
   && zfs snapshot ... \
   && curl -H prio:low -d "Laptop backup succeeded" ntfy.sh/backups \
@@ -26,11 +26,17 @@ rsync -a root@laptop /backups/laptop \
 Here's one for the history books. I desperately want the `github.com/ntfy` organization, but all my tickets with
 GitHub have been hopeless. In case it ever becomes available, I want to know immediately.
 
-``` cron
+```
 # Check github/ntfy user
 */6 * * * * if curl -s https://api.github.com/users/ntfy | grep "Not Found"; then curl -d "github.com/ntfy is available" -H "Tags: tada" -H "Prio: high" ntfy.sh/my-alerts; fi
 ```
 
+You can also use [`ntfy-run`](https://github.com/quantum5/ntfy-run) to send the output of your cronjob in the
+notification, so that you know exactly why it failed:
+
+```
+0 0 * * * ntfy-run -n https://ntfy.sh/backups --success-priority low --failure-tags warning ~/backup-computer
+```
 
 ## Low disk space alerts
 Here's a simple cronjob that I use to alert me when the disk space on the root disk is running low. It's simple, but 
@@ -135,28 +141,64 @@ You can send a message during a workflow run with curl. Here is an example sendi
       ${{ secrets.NTFY_URL }}
 ```
 
+## Changedetection.io
+ntfy is an excellent choice for getting notifications when a website has a change sent to your mobile (or desktop), 
+[changedetection.io](https://changedetection.io) or on GitHub ([dgtlmoon/changedetection.io](https://github.com/dgtlmoon/changedetection.io)) 
+uses [apprise](https://github.com/caronc/apprise) library for notification integrations.
+
+To add any ntfy(s) notification to a website change simply add the [ntfy style URL](https://github.com/caronc/apprise/wiki/Notify_ntfy) 
+to the notification list.
+
+For example `ntfy://{topic}` or `ntfy://{user}:{password}@{host}:{port}/{topics}`
+
+In your changedetection.io installation, click `Edit` > `Notifications` on a single website watch (or group) then add 
+the special ntfy Apprise Notification URL to the Notification List.
+
+![ntfy alerts on website change](static/img/cdio-setup.jpg)
+
 ## Watchtower (shoutrrr)
-You can use [shoutrrr](https://github.com/containrrr/shoutrrr) generic webhook support to send 
+You can use [shoutrrr](https://containrrr.dev/shoutrrr/latest/services/ntfy/) to send 
 [Watchtower](https://github.com/containrrr/watchtower/) notifications to your ntfy topic.
 
 Example docker-compose.yml:
+
 ``` yaml
 services:
   watchtower:
     image: containrrr/watchtower
     environment:
-      - WATCHTOWER_NOTIFICATIONS=shoutrrr
-      - WATCHTOWER_NOTIFICATION_URL=generic+https://ntfy.sh/my_watchtower_topic?title=WatchtowerUpdates
+      - WATCHTOWER_NOTIFICATION_SKIP_TITLE=True
+      - WATCHTOWER_NOTIFICATION_URL=ntfy://ntfy.sh/my_watchtower_topic?title=WatchtowerUpdates
 ```
 
+The environment variable `WATCHTOWER_NOTIFICATION_SKIP_TITLE` is required to prevent Watchtower from [replacing the `title` query parameter](https://containrrr.dev/watchtower/notifications/#settings). If omitted, the provided notification title will not be used.
+
 Or, if you only want to send notifications using shoutrrr:
 ```
-shoutrrr send -u "generic+https://ntfy.sh/my_watchtower_topic?title=WatchtowerUpdates" -m "testMessage"
+shoutrrr send -u "ntfy://ntfy.sh/my_watchtower_topic?title=WatchtowerUpdates" -m "testMessage"
+```
+
+Authentication tokens are also supported:
+
+- (Recommended) Ntfy url format (replace the domain, topic and token with your own):
+```
+ntfy://:TOKEN@DOMAIN/TOPIC
+```
+
+- Generic webhook and authorization header using this url format (replace the domain, topic and token with your own):
+
+```
+generic+https://DOMAIN/TOPIC?@authorization=Bearer+TOKEN`
 ```
 
 ## Sonarr, Radarr, Lidarr, Readarr, Prowlarr, SABnzbd
-It's possible to use custom scripts for all the *arr services, plus SABnzbd. Notifications for downloads, warnings, grabs etc.
-Some simple bash scripts to achieve this are kindly provided in [nickexyz's repository](https://github.com/nickexyz/ntfy-shellscripts). 
+
+<!-- Sonarr v4 is in beta as of May 2023, should be updated to remove v3 reference when stable -->
+
+Radarr, Prowlarr, and Sonarr v4 support ntfy natively under Settings > Connect.
+
+Sonarr v3, Readarr, and SABnzbd support custom scripts for downloads, warnings, grabs, etc.
+Some simple bash scripts to achieve this are kindly provided in [nickexyz's ntfy-shellscripts repository](https://github.com/nickexyz/ntfy-shellscripts).
 
 ## Node-RED
 You can use the HTTP request node to send messages with [Node-RED](https://nodered.org), some examples:
@@ -572,4 +614,110 @@ Example `template.html`:
 Add notification on Rundeck (attachment type must be: `Attached as file to email`):
 ![Rundeck](static/img/rundeck.png)
 
+## Traccar
+This will only work on selfhosted [traccar](https://www.traccar.org/) ([Github](https://github.com/traccar/traccar)) instances, as you need to be able to set `sms.http.*` keys, which is not possible through the UI attributes
 
+The easiest way to integrate traccar with ntfy, is to configure ntfy as the SMS provider for your instance. You then can set your ntfy topic as your account's phone number in traccar. Sending the email notifications to ntfy will not work, as ntfy does not support HTML emails.
+
+**Info:** Add a phone number to your traccar account not in device, as otherwise it will not try to send SMS.
+
+**Caution:** JSON publishing is only possible, when POST-ing to the root URL of the ntfy instance. (see [documentation](publish.md#publish-as-json))
+```xml
+        <entry key='sms.http.url'>https://ntfy.sh</entry>
+        <entry key='sms.http.template'>
+            {
+                "topic": "{phone}",
+                "message": "{message}"
+            }
+        </entry>
+```
+If [access control](config.md#access-control) is enabled, and the target topic does not support anonymous writes, you'll also have to provide an authorization header, for example in form of a privileged token
+```xml
+        <entry key='sms.http.authorization'>Bearer tk_JhbsnoMrgy2FcfHeofv97Pi5uXaZZ</entry>
+```
+or by simply providing traccar with a valid username/password combination.
+```xml
+        <entry key='sms.http.user'>phil</entry>
+        <entry key='sms.http.password'>mypass</entry>
+```
+
+## Flowtriq DDoS detection
+[Flowtriq](https://flowtriq.com) is a real-time DDoS detection and mitigation platform. Its Linux agent, ftagent,
+supports webhook alerts that can POST directly to an ntfy topic, so you get push notifications on your phone
+whenever an attack is detected.
+
+Configure the webhook URL in your ftagent configuration to point to your ntfy topic:
+
+```yaml
+# /etc/ftagent/ftagent.yml
+alerts:
+  webhooks:
+    - url: https://ntfy.sh/flowtriq-attacks
+      method: POST
+```
+
+You can also use curl to test the integration manually with a sample attack alert:
+
+```bash
+curl \
+  -H "Title: DDoS Attack Detected" \
+  -H "Priority: urgent" \
+  -H "Tags: rotating_light" \
+  -d "Attack detected on 203.0.113.5: 14.2 Gbps UDP flood from 3,482 sources" \
+  ntfy.sh/flowtriq-attacks
+```
+
+## Terminal Notifications for Long-Running Commands
+
+This example provides a simple way to send notifications using [ntfy.sh](https://ntfy.sh) when a terminal command completes. It includes success or failure indicators based on the command's exit status.
+
+Store your ntfy.sh bearer token securely if access control is enabled:
+
+   ```sh
+   echo "your_bearer_token_here" > ~/.ntfy_token
+   chmod 600 ~/.ntfy_token
+   ```
+
+Add the following function and alias to your `.bashrc` or `.bash_profile`:
+
+   ```sh
+   # Function for alert notifications using ntfy.sh
+   notify_via_ntfy() {
+       local exit_status=$?  # Capture the exit status before doing anything else
+       local token=$(< ~/.ntfy_token)  # Securely read the token
+       local status_icon="$([ $exit_status -eq 0 ] && echo magic_wand || echo warning)"
+       local last_command=$(history | tail -n1 | sed -e 's/^[[:space:]]*[0-9]\{1,\}[[:space:]]*//' -e 's/[;&|][[:space:]]*alert$//')
+       # for zsh users, use the same sed pattern but get the history differently.
+       # local last_command=$(history "$HISTCMD" | sed -e 's/^[[:space:]]*[0-9]\{1,\}[[:space:]]*//' -e 's/[;&|][[:space:]]*alert$//')
+
+       curl -s -X POST "https://n.example.dev/alerts" \
+           -H "Authorization: Bearer $token" \
+           -H "Title: Terminal" \
+           -H "X-Priority: 3" \
+           -H "Tags: $status_icon" \
+           -d "Command: $last_command (Exit: $exit_status)"
+
+       echo "Tags: $status_icon"
+       echo "$last_command (Exit: $exit_status)"
+   }
+
+   # Add an "alert" alias for long running commands using ntfy.sh
+   alias alert='notify_via_ntfy'
+   ```
+
+Now you can run any long-running command and append `alert` to notify when it completes:
+
+```sh
+sleep 10; alert
+```
+![ntfy notifications on mobile device](static/img/mobile-screenshot-notification.png)
+
+**Notification Sent** with a success 🪄 (`magic_wand`) or failure ⚠️ (`warning`) tag.
+
+To test failure notifications:
+
+```sh
+false; alert  # Always fails (exit 1)
+ls --invalid; alert  # Invalid option
+cat nonexistent_file; alert  # File not found
+```

docs/faq.md

@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ of the app and [self-host your own ntfy server](install.md).
 ## How much battery does the Android app use?
 If you use the ntfy.sh server, and you don't use the [instant delivery](subscribe/phone.md#instant-delivery) feature, 
 the Android/iOS app uses no additional battery, since Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) is used. If you use your own server, 
-or you use *instant delivery* (Android only), the app has to maintain a constant connection to the server, which consumes 
-about 0-1% of battery in 17h of use (on my phone). There has been a ton of testing and improvement around this. I think it's pretty 
-decent now.
+or you use *instant delivery* (Android only),  or install from F-droid ([which does not support FCM](https://f-droid.org/docs/Inclusion_Policy/)),
+the app has to maintain a constant connection to the server, which consumes about 0-1% of battery in 17h of use (on my phone). 
+There has been a ton of testing and improvement around this. I think it's pretty decent now.
 
 ## Paid plans? I thought it was open source?
 All of ntfy will remain open source, with a free software license (Apache 2.0 and GPLv2). If you'd like to self-host, you
@@ -71,12 +71,35 @@ The web app is a static website without a backend (other than the ntfy API). All
 cache and local storage. That means it does not need to be protected with a login screen, and it poses no additional 
 security risk. So technically, it does not need to be disabled.
 
-However, if you still want to disable it, you can do so with the `web-root: disable` option in the `server.yml` file. 
+However, if you still want, you can require login with the `require-login: true` option,
+or disable it with the `web-root: disable` option in the `server.yml` file. 
 
 Think of the ntfy web app like an Android/iOS app. It is freely available and accessible to anyone, yet useless without
 a proper backend. So as long as you secure your backend with ACLs, exposing the ntfy web app to the Internet is harmless.
 
+## If topic names are public, could I not just brute force them?
+If you don't have [ACLs set up](config.md#access-control), the topic name is your password, it says so everywhere. If you
+choose a easy-to-guess/dumb topic name, people will be able to guess it. If you choose a randomly generated topic name,
+the topic is as good as a good password.
+
+As for brute forcing: It's not possible to brute force a ntfy server for very long, as you'll get quickly rate limited.
+In the default configuration, you'll be able to do 60 requests as a burst, and then 1 request per 10 seconds. Assuming you
+choose a random 10 digit topic name using only A-Z, a-z, 0-9, _ and -, there are 64^10 possible topic names. Even if you
+could do hundreds of requests per seconds (which you cannot), it would take many years to brute force a topic name.
+
+For ntfy.sh, there's even a fail2ban in place which will ban your IP pretty quickly.
+
 ## Where can I donate?
 I have just very recently started accepting donations via [GitHub Sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/binwiederhier).
 I would be humbled if you helped me carry the server and developer account costs. Even small donations are very much
 appreciated.
+
+## Can I email you? Can I DM you on Discord/Matrix?
+For community support, please use the public channels listed on the [contact page](contact.md). I generally 
+**do not respond to direct messages** about ntfy, unless you are paying for a [ntfy Pro](https://ntfy.sh/#pricing) 
+plan (see [paid support](contact.md#paid-support)), or you are inquiring about business 
+opportunities (see [other inquiries](contact.md#other-inquiries)).
+
+I am sorry, but answering individual questions about ntfy on a 1-on-1 basis is not scalable. Answering your questions 
+in public forums benefits others, since I can link to the discussion at a later point in time, or other users
+may be able to help out. I hope you understand.

docs/hooks.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import os
+import shutil
+
+
+def on_post_build(config, **kwargs):
+    site_dir = config["site_dir"]
+    shutil.copytree("docs/static/fonts", os.path.join(site_dir, "get"))

docs/index.md

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ ntfy lets you **send push notifications to your phone or desktop via scripts fro
 or POST requests. I use it to notify myself when scripts fail, or long-running commands complete.
 
 ## Step 1: Get the app
-<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.heckel.ntfy"><img src="../../static/img/badge-googleplay.png"></a>
-<a href="https://f-droid.org/en/packages/io.heckel.ntfy/"><img src="../../static/img/badge-fdroid.png"></a>
-<a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ntfy/id1625396347"><img src="../../static/img/badge-appstore.png"></a>
+<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=io.heckel.ntfy"><img width="170" src="static/img/badge-googleplay.png"></a>
+<a href="https://f-droid.org/en/packages/io.heckel.ntfy/"><img width="170" src="static/img/badge-fdroid.svg"></a>
+<a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ntfy/id1625396347"><img width="150" src="static/img/badge-appstore.png"></a>
 
-To [receive notifications on your phone](subscribe/phone.md), install the app, either via Google Play or F-Droid.
+To [receive notifications on your phone](subscribe/phone.md), install the app, either via Google Play, App Store or F-Droid.
 Once installed, open it and subscribe to a topic of your choosing. Topics don't have to explicitly be created, so just
 pick a name and use it later when you [publish a message](publish.md). Note that **topic names are public, so it's wise 
 to choose something that cannot be guessed easily.** 

docs/install.md

@@ -14,62 +14,160 @@ We support amd64, armv7 and arm64.
 
 1. Install ntfy using one of the methods described below
 2. Then (optionally) edit `/etc/ntfy/server.yml` for the server (Linux only, see [configuration](config.md) or [sample server.yml](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/blob/main/server/server.yml))
-3. Or (optionally) create/edit `~/.config/ntfy/client.yml` (for the non-root user) or `/etc/ntfy/client.yml` (for the root user), see [sample client.yml](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/blob/main/client/client.yml))
+3. Or (optionally) create/edit `~/.config/ntfy/client.yml` (for the non-root user), `~/Library/Application Support/ntfy/client.yml` (for the macOS non-root user), or `/etc/ntfy/client.yml` (for the root user), see [sample client.yml](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/blob/main/client/client.yml))
 
 To run the ntfy server, then just run `ntfy serve` (or `systemctl start ntfy` when using the deb/rpm).
 To send messages, use `ntfy publish`. To subscribe to topics, use `ntfy subscribe` (see [subscribing via CLI](subscribe/cli.md)
 for details). 
 
+If you like tutorials, check out :simple-youtube: [Kris Occhipinti's ntfy install guide](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZzqrX05mNU) on YouTube, or
+[Alex's Docker-based setup guide](https://blog.alexsguardian.net/posts/2023/09/12/selfhosting-ntfy/). Both are great
+resources to get started. _I am not affiliated with Kris or Alex, I just liked their video/post._
+
 ## Linux binaries
 Please check out the [releases page](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases) for binaries and
 deb/rpm packages.
 
+### Download and run
+The steps below allow you to download ntfy server and run it in a pinch. But it won't be enough to install it permanently
+as a service starting at boot time.
+
 === "x86_64/amd64"
     ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_linux_x86_64.tar.gz
-    tar zxvf ntfy_2.0.1_linux_x86_64.tar.gz
-    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.0.1_linux_x86_64/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
-    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.0.1_linux_x86_64/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
+    tar zxvf ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
+    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64/ntfy /usr/local/bin/ntfy
+    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
     sudo ntfy serve
     ```
 
 === "armv6"
     ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_linux_armv6.tar.gz
-    tar zxvf ntfy_2.0.1_linux_armv6.tar.gz
-    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.0.1_linux_armv6/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
-    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.0.1_linux_armv6/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6.tar.gz
+    tar zxvf ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6.tar.gz
+    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
+    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
     sudo ntfy serve
     ```
 
 === "armv7/armhf"
     ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_linux_armv7.tar.gz
-    tar zxvf ntfy_2.0.1_linux_armv7.tar.gz
-    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.0.1_linux_armv7/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
-    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.0.1_linux_armv7/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7.tar.gz
+    tar zxvf ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7.tar.gz
+    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
+    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
     sudo ntfy serve
     ```
 
 === "arm64"
     ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_linux_arm64.tar.gz
-    tar zxvf ntfy_2.0.1_linux_arm64.tar.gz
-    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.0.1_linux_arm64/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
-    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.0.1_linux_arm64/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64.tar.gz
+    tar zxvf ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64.tar.gz
+    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
+    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
     sudo ntfy serve
     ```
 
+### Install as a service
+If you want to install ntfy server permanently as a service, and your OS/distribution of choice doesn't offer a package,
+there are a few more steps to follow.
+
+Create the ntfy user and group:
+```bash
+useradd --system --home-dir /var/lib/ntfy --shell /bin/false --comment "User for the simple HTTP-based pub-sub notification service" ntfy
+```
+
+Depending on your init system, the following steps will diverge.
+
+#### On systemd systems
+Install the ntfy server unit file (which contains parameters to start the service at boot time):
+
+=== "x86_64/amd64"
+    ```bash
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64/server/ntfy.service /etc/systemd/system/
+    sudo chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/ntfy.service
+    ```
+
+=== "armv6"
+    ```bash
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6/server/ntfy.service /etc/systemd/system/
+    sudo chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/ntfy.service
+    ```
+
+=== "armv7/armhf"
+    ```bash
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7/server/ntfy.service /etc/systemd/system/
+    sudo chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/ntfy.service
+    ```
+
+=== "arm64"
+    ```bash
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64/server/ntfy.service /etc/systemd/system/
+    sudo chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/ntfy.service
+    ```
+
+Then notify systemd we have added a new service and start the service:
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+sudo systemctl start ntfy
+```
+
+#### On OpenRC systems
+Install the ntfy server service script:
+
+=== "x86_64/amd64"
+    ```bash
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64/server/ntfy.openrc /etc/init.d/ntfy
+    sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/ntfy
+    ```
+
+=== "armv6"
+    ```bash
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6/server/ntfy.openrc /etc/init.d/ntfy
+    sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/ntfy
+    ```
+
+=== "armv7/armhf"
+    ```bash
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7/server/ntfy.openrc /etc/init.d/ntfy
+    sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/ntfy
+    ```
+
+=== "arm64"
+    ```bash
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64/server/ntfy.openrc /etc/init.d/ntfy
+    sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/ntfy
+    ```
+
+Start the ntfy server service:
+
+```bash
+sudo rc-service ntfy start
+```
+
+Add the ntfy server service to the default runlevel (so that it starts at boot time):
+
+```bash
+sudo rc-update add ntfy default
+```
+
 ## Debian/Ubuntu repository
-Installation via Debian repository:
+
+!!! info
+    As of September 2025, **the official ntfy.sh Debian/Ubuntu repository has moved to [archive.ntfy.sh](https://archive.ntfy.sh/apt)**.
+    The old repository [archive.heckel.io](https://archive.heckel.io/apt) is still available for now, but will likely
+    go away soon. I suspect I will phase it out some time in early 2026.
+
+Installation via Debian/Ubuntu repository (fingerprint `55BA 774A 6F5E E674 31E4  B6B7 CFDB 962D 4F1E C4AF`):
 
 === "x86_64/amd64"
     ```bash
     sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
-    curl -fsSL https://archive.heckel.io/apt/pubkey.txt | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/archive.heckel.io.gpg
+    sudo curl -L -o /etc/apt/keyrings/ntfy.gpg https://archive.ntfy.sh/apt/keyring.gpg
     sudo apt install apt-transport-https
-    sudo sh -c "echo 'deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/archive.heckel.io.gpg] https://archive.heckel.io/apt debian main' \
-        > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/archive.heckel.io.list"  
+    echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/ntfy.gpg] https://archive.ntfy.sh/apt stable main" \
+        | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ntfy.list
     sudo apt update
     sudo apt install ntfy
     sudo systemctl enable ntfy
@@ -79,10 +177,10 @@ Installation via Debian repository:
 === "armv7/armhf"
     ```bash
     sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
-    curl -fsSL https://archive.heckel.io/apt/pubkey.txt | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/archive.heckel.io.gpg
+    sudo curl -L -o /etc/apt/keyrings/ntfy.gpg https://archive.ntfy.sh/apt/keyring.gpg
     sudo apt install apt-transport-https
-    sudo sh -c "echo 'deb [arch=armhf signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/archive.heckel.io.gpg] https://archive.heckel.io/apt debian main' \
-        > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/archive.heckel.io.list"
+    echo "deb [arch=armhf signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/ntfy.gpg] https://archive.ntfy.sh/apt stable main" \
+        | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ntfy.list
     sudo apt update
     sudo apt install ntfy
     sudo systemctl enable ntfy
@@ -92,10 +190,10 @@ Installation via Debian repository:
 === "arm64"
     ```bash
     sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
-    curl -fsSL https://archive.heckel.io/apt/pubkey.txt | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/archive.heckel.io.gpg
+    sudo curl -L -o /etc/apt/keyrings/ntfy.gpg https://archive.ntfy.sh/apt/keyring.gpg
     sudo apt install apt-transport-https
-    sudo sh -c "echo 'deb [arch=arm64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/archive.heckel.io.gpg] https://archive.heckel.io/apt debian main' \
-        > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/archive.heckel.io.list"
+    echo "deb [arch=arm64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/ntfy.gpg] https://archive.ntfy.sh/apt stable main" \
+        | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ntfy.list
     sudo apt update
     sudo apt install ntfy
     sudo systemctl enable ntfy
@@ -106,7 +204,7 @@ Manually installing the .deb file:
 
 === "x86_64/amd64"
     ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_linux_amd64.deb
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64.deb
     sudo dpkg -i ntfy_*.deb
     sudo systemctl enable ntfy
     sudo systemctl start ntfy
@@ -114,7 +212,7 @@ Manually installing the .deb file:
 
 === "armv6"
     ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_linux_armv6.deb
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6.deb
     sudo dpkg -i ntfy_*.deb
     sudo systemctl enable ntfy
     sudo systemctl start ntfy
@@ -122,7 +220,7 @@ Manually installing the .deb file:
 
 === "armv7/armhf"
     ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_linux_armv7.deb
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7.deb
     sudo dpkg -i ntfy_*.deb
     sudo systemctl enable ntfy
     sudo systemctl start ntfy
@@ -130,7 +228,7 @@ Manually installing the .deb file:
 
 === "arm64"
     ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_linux_arm64.deb
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64.deb
     sudo dpkg -i ntfy_*.deb
     sudo systemctl enable ntfy
     sudo systemctl start ntfy
@@ -140,34 +238,38 @@ Manually installing the .deb file:
 
 === "x86_64/amd64"
     ```bash
-    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_linux_amd64.rpm
+    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64.rpm
     sudo systemctl enable ntfy 
     sudo systemctl start ntfy
     ```
 
 === "armv6"
     ```bash
-    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_linux_armv6.rpm
+    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6.rpm
     sudo systemctl enable ntfy
     sudo systemctl start ntfy
     ```
 
 === "armv7/armhf"
     ```bash
-    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_linux_armv7.rpm
+    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7.rpm
     sudo systemctl enable ntfy 
     sudo systemctl start ntfy
     ```
 
 === "arm64"
     ```bash
-    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_linux_arm64.rpm
+    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64.rpm
     sudo systemctl enable ntfy 
     sudo systemctl start ntfy
     ```
 
 ## Arch Linux
-ntfy can be installed using an [AUR package](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ntfysh-bin/). You can use an [AUR helper](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/AUR_helpers) like `paru`, `yay` or others to download, build and install ntfy and keep it up to date.
+<span class="community-badge" title="This package is maintained by the community, not the ntfy developers"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 7h2v2h-2zm0 4h2v6h-2zm1-9C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zm0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8z"/></svg> Community maintained</span>
+
+ntfy can be installed using an [AUR package](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ntfysh-bin/). 
+You can use an [AUR helper](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/AUR_helpers) like `paru`, `yay` or others to download, 
+build and install ntfy and keep it up to date.
 ```
 paru -S ntfysh-bin
 ```
@@ -179,7 +281,9 @@ cd ntfysh-bin
 makepkg -si
 ```
 
-## NixOS / Nix
+## NixOS / Nix 
+<span class="community-badge" title="This package is maintained by the community, not the ntfy developers"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 7h2v2h-2zm0 4h2v6h-2zm1-9C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zm0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8z"/></svg> Community maintained</span>
+
 ntfy is packaged in nixpkgs as `ntfy-sh`. It can be installed by adding the package name to the configuration file and calling `nixos-rebuild`. Alternatively, the following command can be used to install ntfy in the current user environment:
 ```
 nix-env -iA ntfy-sh
@@ -187,43 +291,68 @@ nix-env -iA ntfy-sh
 
 NixOS also supports [declarative setup of the ntfy server](https://search.nixos.org/options?channel=unstable&show=services.ntfy-sh.enable&from=0&size=50&sort=relevance&type=packages&query=ntfy). 
 
+## FreeBSD
+<span class="community-badge" title="This package is maintained by the community, not the ntfy developers"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 7h2v2h-2zm0 4h2v6h-2zm1-9C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zm0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8z"/></svg> Community maintained</span>
+
+ntfy is ported to FreeBSD and available via the ports collection as [sysutils/go-ntfy](https://www.freshports.org/sysutils/go-ntfy/). You can install it via `pkg`:
+```
+pkg install go-ntfy
+```
+
 ## macOS
 The [ntfy CLI](subscribe/cli.md) (`ntfy publish` and `ntfy subscribe` only) is supported on macOS as well. 
-To install, please [download the tarball](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_macOS_all.tar.gz), 
+To install, please [download the tarball](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_darwin_all.tar.gz), 
 extract it and place it somewhere in your `PATH` (e.g. `/usr/local/bin/ntfy`). 
 
 If run as `root`, ntfy will look for its config at `/etc/ntfy/client.yml`. For all other users, it'll look for it at 
 `~/Library/Application Support/ntfy/client.yml` (sample included in the tarball).
 
 ```bash
-curl -L https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_macOS_all.tar.gz > ntfy_2.0.1_macOS_all.tar.gz
-tar zxvf ntfy_2.0.1_macOS_all.tar.gz
-sudo cp -a ntfy_2.0.1_macOS_all/ntfy /usr/local/bin/ntfy
+curl -L https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_darwin_all.tar.gz > ntfy_2.28.0_darwin_all.tar.gz
+tar zxvf ntfy_2.28.0_darwin_all.tar.gz
+sudo cp -a ntfy_2.28.0_darwin_all/ntfy /usr/local/bin/ntfy
 mkdir ~/Library/Application\ Support/ntfy 
-cp ntfy_2.0.1_macOS_all/client/client.yml ~/Library/Application\ Support/ntfy/client.yml
+cp ntfy_2.28.0_darwin_all/client/client.yml ~/Library/Application\ Support/ntfy/client.yml
 ntfy --help
 ```
 
 !!! info
-    There is a [GitHub issue](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/issues/286) about making ntfy installable via
-    [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/). I'll eventually get to that, but I'd also love if somebody else stepped up to do it. 
-    Also, you can build and run the ntfy server on macOS as well, though I don't officially support that. 
-    Check out the [build instructions](develop.md) for details.
+    Only the ntfy CLI is supported on macOS. ntfy server is currently not supported, but you can build and run it for 
+    development as well. Check out the [build instructions](develop.md) for details.
+
+## Homebrew
+<span class="community-badge" title="This package is maintained by the community, not the ntfy developers"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 7h2v2h-2zm0 4h2v6h-2zm1-9C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zm0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8z"/></svg> Community maintained</span>
+
+To install the [ntfy CLI](subscribe/cli.md) (`ntfy publish` and `ntfy subscribe` only) via Homebrew (Linux and macOS),
+simply run:
+```
+brew install ntfy
+```
 
 ## Windows
-The [ntfy CLI](subscribe/cli.md) (`ntfy publish` and `ntfy subscribe` only) is supported on Windows as well.
-To install, please [download the latest ZIP](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.0.1/ntfy_2.0.1_windows_x86_64.zip),
+The ntfy server and CLI are fully supported on Windows. You can run the ntfy server directly or as a Windows service.
+To install, you can either
+
+* [Download the latest ZIP](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_windows_amd64.zip),
 extract it and place the `ntfy.exe` binary somewhere in your `%Path%`. 
+* Or install ntfy from the [Scoop](https://scoop.sh) main repository via `scoop install ntfy`
 
-The default path for the client config file is at `%AppData%\ntfy\client.yml` (not created automatically, sample in the ZIP file).
+Once installed, you can run the ntfy CLI commands like so:
 
-Also available in [Scoop's](https://scoop.sh) Main repository:
+```
+ntfy.exe -h
+```
 
-`scoop install ntfy`
+The default configuration file location on Windows is `%ProgramData%\ntfy\server.yml` (e.g., `C:\ProgramData\ntfy\server.yml`)
+for the server, and `%AppData%\ntfy\client.yml` for the client. You may need to create the directory and config file manually.
 
-!!! info
-    There is currently no installer for Windows, and the binary is not signed. If this is desired, please create a
-    [GitHub issue](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/issues) to let me know.
+To install the ntfy server as a Windows service, you can use the built-in `sc` command. For example, run this in an
+elevated command prompt (adjust the path to `ntfy.exe` accordingly):
+
+```
+sc create ntfy binPath="C:\path\to\ntfy.exe serve" start=auto
+sc start ntfy
+```
 
 ## Docker
 The [ntfy image](https://hub.docker.com/r/binwiederhier/ntfy) is available for amd64, armv6, armv7 and arm64. It should 
@@ -266,10 +395,8 @@ docker run \
   serve
 ```
 
-Using docker-compose with non-root user:
+Using docker-compose with non-root user and healthchecks enabled:
 ```yaml
-version: "2.1"
-
 services:
   ntfy:
     image: binwiederhier/ntfy
@@ -284,7 +411,14 @@ services:
       - /etc/ntfy:/etc/ntfy
     ports:
       - 80:80
+    healthcheck: # optional: remember to adapt the host:port to your environment
+        test: ["CMD-SHELL", "wget -q --tries=1 http://localhost:80/v1/health -O - | grep -Eo '\"healthy\"\\s*:\\s*true' || exit 1"]
+        interval: 60s
+        timeout: 10s
+        retries: 3
+        start_period: 40s
     restart: unless-stopped
+    init: true # needed, if healthcheck is used. Prevents zombie processes
 ```
 
 If using a non-root user when running the docker version, be sure to chown the server.yml, user.db, and cache.db files and attachments directory to the same uid/gid.
@@ -303,7 +437,6 @@ The setup for Kubernetes is very similar to that for Docker, and requires a fair
 are a few options to mix and match, including a deployment without a cache file, a stateful set with a persistent cache, and a standalone
 unmanned pod.
 
-
 === "deployment"
     ```yaml
     apiVersion: apps/v1
@@ -522,18 +655,18 @@ kubectl apply -k /ntfy
                       cpu: 150m
                       memory: 150Mi
               volumeMounts:
-                  - mountPath: /etc/ntfy/server.yml
-                    subPath: server.yml
-                    name: config-volume # generated vie configMapGenerator from kustomization file
-                  - mountPath: /var/cache/ntfy
-                    name: cache-volume #cache volume mounted to persistent volume
-            volumes:
-              - name: config-volume
-                configMap:  # uses configmap generator to parse server.yml to configmap
-                  name: server-config
-              - name: cache-volume
-                persistentVolumeClaim: # stores /cache/ntfy in defined pv
-                  claimName: ntfy-pvc
+                - mountPath: /etc/ntfy/server.yml
+                  subPath: server.yml
+                  name: config-volume # generated via configMapGenerator from kustomization file
+                - mountPath: /var/cache/ntfy
+                  name: cache-volume # cache volume mounted to persistent volume
+          volumes:
+            - name: config-volume
+              configMap: # uses configmap generator to parse server.yml to configmap
+                name: server-config
+            - name: cache-volume
+              persistentVolumeClaim: # stores /cache/ntfy in defined pv
+                claimName: ntfy-pvc
     ```
   
 === "ntfy-pvc.yaml"
@@ -593,3 +726,31 @@ kubectl apply -k /ntfy
     cache-file: "/var/cache/ntfy/cache.db"
     attachment-cache-dir: "/var/cache/ntfy/attachments"
     ```
+
+## Helm
+<span class="community-badge" title="This package is maintained by the community, not the ntfy developers"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 7h2v2h-2zm0 4h2v6h-2zm1-9C6.48 2 2 6.48 2 12s4.48 10 10 10 10-4.48 10-10S17.52 2 12 2zm0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8z"/></svg> Community maintained</span>
+
+If you prefer [Helm](https://helm.sh/), ntfy can be deployed using the third-party
+[HelmForge chart](https://helmforge.dev/docs/charts/ntfy), which packages the official
+`binwiederhier/ntfy` image with persistent storage, Service, Ingress, optional Prometheus metrics, and more.
+This chart is **not** maintained by the ntfy developers.
+
+!!! warning
+    The HelmForge project is young and maintained by a small community. Review the chart before deploying it,
+    and use it at your own risk.
+
+```bash
+helm repo add helmforge https://repo.helmforge.dev
+helm repo update
+helm install ntfy helmforge/ntfy
+```
+
+Alternatively, install it directly from the OCI registry:
+
+```bash
+helm install ntfy oci://ghcr.io/helmforgedev/helm/ntfy
+```
+
+Because ntfy's default SQLite storage is single-writer, run the chart as a single instance rather than
+treating it as a horizontally scalable deployment. See the [chart documentation](https://helmforge.dev/docs/charts/ntfy)
+for the full list of configurable values.

docs/integrations.md

@@ -4,24 +4,21 @@ There are quite a few projects that work with ntfy, integrate ntfy, or have been
 
 I've added a ⭐ to projects or posts that have a significant following, or had a lot of interaction by the community.
 
-## Public ntfy servers
+## Table of Contents
 
-Here's a list of public ntfy servers. As of right now, there is only one official server. The others are provided by the 
-ntfy community. Thanks to everyone running a public server. **You guys rock!**
-
-| URL                                               | Country            |
-|---------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
-| [ntfy.sh](https://ntfy.sh/) (*Official*)          | 🇺🇸 United States |
-| [ntfy.tedomum.net](https://ntfy.tedomum.net/)     | 🇫🇷 France        |
-| [ntfy.jae.fi](https://ntfy.jae.fi/)               | 🇫🇮 Finland       |
-| [ntfy.adminforge.de](https://ntfy.adminforge.de/) | 🇩🇪 Germany       |
-| [ntfy.envs.net](https://ntfy.envs.net)            | 🇩🇪 Germany       |
-
-Please be aware that **server operators can log your messages**. The project also cannot guarantee the reliability
-and uptime of third party servers, so use of each server is **at your own discretion**.
+- [Official integrations](#official-integrations)
+- [Integration via HTTP/SMTP/etc.](#integration-via-httpsmtpetc)
+- [UnifiedPush integrations](#unifiedpush-integrations)
+- [Libraries](#libraries)
+- [CLIs + GUIs](#clis-guis)
+- [Projects + scripts](#projects-scripts)
+- [Blog + forum posts](#blog-forum-posts)
+- [Alternative ntfy servers](#alternative-ntfy-servers)
 
 ## Official integrations
 
+- [changedetection.io](https://changedetection.io) ⭐ - Website change detection and notification
+- [Home Assistant](https://www.home-assistant.io/integrations/ntfy) ⭐ - Home Assistant is an open-source platform for automating and controlling smart home devices.
 - [Healthchecks.io](https://healthchecks.io/) ⭐ - Online service for monitoring regularly running tasks such as cron jobs
 - [Apprise](https://github.com/caronc/apprise/wiki/Notify_ntfy) ⭐ - Push notifications that work with just about every platform
 - [Uptime Kuma](https://uptime.kuma.pet/) ⭐ - A self-hosted monitoring tool
@@ -32,9 +29,33 @@ and uptime of third party servers, so use of each server is **at your own discre
 - [Gatus](https://gatus.io/) ⭐ - Automated service health dashboard
 - [Automatisch](https://automatisch.io/) ⭐ - Open source Zapier alternative / workflow automation tool
 - [FlexGet](https://flexget.com/Plugins/Notifiers/ntfysh) ⭐ - Multipurpose automation tool for all of your media
-- [Shoutrrr](https://containrrr.dev/shoutrrr/v0.7/services/ntfy/) ⭐ - Notification library for gophers and their furry friends.
+- [Shoutrrr](https://containrrr.dev/shoutrrr/v0.8/services/ntfy/) ⭐ - Notification library for gophers and their furry friends.
+- [Netdata](https://learn.netdata.cloud/docs/alerts-and-notifications/notifications/agent-alert-notifications/ntfy) ⭐ - Real-time performance monitoring
+- [Deployer](https://github.com/deployphp/deployer) ⭐ - PHP deployment tool
 - [Scrt.link](https://scrt.link/) - Share a secret
 - [Platypush](https://docs.platypush.tech/platypush/plugins/ntfy.html) - Automation platform aimed to run on any device that can run Python
+- [diun](https://crazymax.dev/diun/) - Docker Image Update Notifier
+- [Cloudron](https://www.cloudron.io/store/sh.ntfy.cloudronapp.html) - Platform that makes it easy to manage web apps on your server
+- [Xitoring](https://xitoring.com/docs/notifications/notification-roles/ntfy/) - Server and Uptime monitoring
+- [HetrixTools](https://docs.hetrixtools.com/ntfy-sh-notifications/) - Uptime monitoring
+- [EasyMorph](https://help.easymorph.com/doku.php?id=transformations:sendntfymessage) - Visual data transformation and automation tool
+- [Monibot](https://monibot.io/) - Monibot monitors your websites, servers and applications and notifies you if something goes wrong.
+- [Miniflux](https://miniflux.app/docs/ntfy.html) - Minimalist and opinionated feed reader
+- [Beszel](https://beszel.dev/guide/notifications/ntfy) - Server monitoring platform
+- [Simple Observability](https://simpleobservability.com/docs/alerts/ntfy) - Server monitoring and observability platform
+- [Sifio](https://sifio.net) - Aggregate updates from RSS, social media, and other sources, then deliver them to ntfy, Slack, Notion and more
+
+## Integration via HTTP/SMTP/etc.
+
+- [Watchtower](https://containrrr.dev/watchtower/) ⭐ - Automating Docker container base image updates (see [integration example](examples.md#watchtower-shoutrrr))
+- [Jellyfin](https://jellyfin.org/) ⭐ - The Free Software Media System (see [integration example](examples.md#))
+- [Overseerr](https://docs.overseerr.dev/using-overseerr/notifications/webhooks) ⭐ - a request management and media discovery tool for Plex (see [integration example](examples.md#jellyseerroverseerr-webhook))
+- [Tautulli](https://github.com/Tautulli/Tautulli) ⭐ - Monitoring and tracking tool for Plex (integration [via webhook](https://github.com/Tautulli/Tautulli/wiki/Notification-Agents-Guide#webhook))
+- [Mailrise](https://github.com/YoRyan/mailrise) - An SMTP gateway (integration via [Apprise](https://github.com/caronc/apprise/wiki/Notify_ntfy))
+- [Proxmox-Ntfy](https://github.com/qtsone/proxmox-ntfy) - Python script that monitors Proxmox tasks and sends notifications using the Ntfy service.
+- [Scrutiny](https://github.com/AnalogJ/scrutiny) - WebUI for smartd S.M.A.R.T monitoring. Scrutiny includes shoutrrr/ntfy integration ([see integration README](https://github.com/AnalogJ/scrutiny?tab=readme-ov-file#notifications))
+- [UptimeObserver](https://uptimeobserver.com) - Uptime Monitoring tool for Websites, APIs, SSL Certificates, DNS, Domain Names and Ports. [Integration Guide](https://support.uptimeobserver.com/integrations/ntfy/)
+- [Flowtriq](https://flowtriq.com) - Real-time DDoS detection and mitigation platform (integration via [webhook alerts](https://flowtriq.com))
 
 ## [UnifiedPush](https://unifiedpush.org/users/apps/) integrations
 
@@ -58,30 +79,47 @@ and uptime of third party servers, so use of each server is **at your own discre
 - [ntfy](https://github.com/jonocarroll/ntfy) - Wraps the ntfy API with pipe-friendly tooling (R)
 - [ntfy-for-delphi](https://github.com/hazzelnuts/ntfy-for-delphi) - A friendly library to push instant notifications ntfy (Delphi)
 - [ntfy](https://github.com/ffflorian/ntfy) - Send notifications over ntfy (JS)
+- [ntfy_dart](https://github.com/jr1221/ntfy_dart) - Dart wrapper around the ntfy API (Dart)
+- [gotfy](https://github.com/AnthonyHewins/gotfy) - A Go wrapper for the ntfy API (Go)
+- [symfony/ntfy-notifier](https://symfony.com/components/NtfyNotifier) ⭐ - Symfony Notifier integration for ntfy (PHP)
+- [ntfy-java](https://github.com/MaheshBabu11/ntfy-java/) - A Java package to interact with a ntfy server (Java)
+- [aiontfy](https://github.com/tr4nt0r/aiontfy) - Asynchronous client library for publishing and subscribing to ntfy (Python)
+- [ex_ntfy](https://github.com/houllette/ex_ntfy) - Elixir SDK covering publishing, polling, and streaming subscriptions for ntfy servers (Elixir)
+- [ntfy-logging](https://github.com/Pimak/ntfy-logging) - Turns JVM error logs into ntfy notifications, with zero-code adapters for java.util.logging, Logback, Log4j2, Spring Boot, Micronaut and Quarkus (Java)
 
 ## CLIs + GUIs
 
 - [ntfy.sh.sh](https://github.com/mininmobile/ntfy.sh.sh) - Run scripts on ntfy.sh events
-- [ntfy Desktop client](https://codeberg.org/zvava/ntfy-desktop) - Cross-platform desktop application for ntfy
-- [ntfy svelte front-end](https://github.com/novatorem/Ntfy) - Front-end built with svelte
+- [ntfy-desktop](https://codeberg.org/zvava/ntfy-desktop) - Cross-platform desktop application for ntfy
+- [ntfy-desktop](https://github.com/Aetherinox/ntfy-desktop) - Desktop client for Windows, Linux, and MacOS with push notifications
+- [ntfy Desktop (Windows)](https://github.com/simoneferrari/ntfy-desktop) - Native Windows desktop client with multi-server support, toast notifications and message history, built with WPF and .NET (C#)
 - [wio-ntfy-ticker](https://github.com/nachotp/wio-ntfy-ticker) - Ticker display for a ntfy.sh topic
-- [ntfysh-windows](https://github.com/lucas-bortoli/ntfysh-windows) - A ntfy client for Windows Desktop
+- [ntfysh-windows](https://github.com/mshafer1/ntfysh-windows) - A ntfy client for Windows Desktop
 - [ntfyr](https://github.com/haxwithaxe/ntfyr) - A simple commandline tool to send notifications to ntfy
 - [ntfy.py](https://github.com/ioqy/ntfy-client-python) - ntfy.py is a simple nfty.sh client for sending notifications
+- [wlzntfy](https://github.com/Walzen-Group/ntfy-toaster) - A minimalistic, receive-only toast notification client for Windows 11
+- [Ntfy_CSV_Reminders](https://github.com/thiswillbeyourgithub/Ntfy_CSV_Reminders) - A Python tool that sends random-timing phone notifications for recurring tasks by using daily probability checks based on CSV-defined frequencies.
+- [Daily Fact Ntfy](https://github.com/thiswillbeyourgithub/Daily_Fact_Ntfy) - Generate [llm](https://github.com/simonw/llm) generated fact every day about any topic you're interested in.
+- [ntfyexec](https://github.com/alecthomas/ntfyexec) - Send a notification through ntfy.sh if a command fails
+- [Ntfy Desktop](https://github.com/emmaexe/ntfyDesktop) - Fully featured desktop client for Linux, built with Qt and C++.
+- [Ntfy App](https://github.com/rubix-studios-pty-ltd/ntfy-app) - Tauri/Rust desktop client for Windows, Linux and MacOS with push notifications.
 
 ## Projects + scripts 
 
 - [Grafana-to-ntfy](https://github.com/kittyandrew/grafana-to-ntfy) - Grafana-to-ntfy alerts channel (Rust)
 - [Grafana-ntfy-webhook-integration](https://github.com/academo/grafana-alerting-ntfy-webhook-integration) - Integrates Grafana alerts webhooks (Go)
+- [Grafana-to-ntfy](https://gitlab.com/Saibe1111/grafana-to-ntfy) - Grafana-to-ntfy alerts channel (Node Js)
 - [ntfy-long-zsh-command](https://github.com/robfox92/ntfy-long-zsh-command) - Notifies you once a long-running command completes (zsh)
 - [ntfy-shellscripts](https://github.com/nickexyz/ntfy-shellscripts) - A few scripts for the ntfy project (Shell)
+- [alertmanager-ntfy-relay](https://github.com/therobbielee/alertmanager-ntfy-relay) - ntfy.sh relay for Alertmanager (Go)
+- [oci-notifications-ntfy-relay](https://github.com/Ryan02I5/oci-notifications-ntfy-relay) - Minimal OCI Notifications / Oracle Functions relay to ntfy topics (Python)
 - [QuickStatus](https://github.com/corneliusroot/QuickStatus) - A shell script to alert to any immediate problems upon login (Shell)
 - [ntfy.el](https://github.com/shombando/ntfy) - Send notifications from Emacs (Emacs)
 - [backup-projects](https://gist.github.com/anthonyaxenov/826ba65abbabd5b00196bc3e6af76002) - Stupidly simple backup script for own projects (Shell)
 - [grav-plugin-whistleblower](https://github.com/Himmlisch-Studios/grav-plugin-whistleblower) - Grav CMS plugin to get notifications via ntfy (PHP)
 - [ntfy-server-status](https://github.com/filip2cz/ntfy-server-status) -  Checking if server is online and reporting through ntfy (C)
-- [borg-based backup](https://github.com/davidhi7/backup) - Simple borg-based backup script with notifications based on ntfy.sh or Discord webhooks (Python/Shell)
 - [ntfy.sh *arr script](https://github.com/agent-squirrel/nfty-arr-script) - Quick and hacky script to get sonarr/radarr to notify the ntfy.sh service (Shell)
+- [website-watcher](https://github.com/muety/website-watcher) - A small tool to watch websites for changes (with XPath support) (Python)
 - [siteeagle](https://github.com/tpanum/siteeagle) - A small Python script to monitor websites and notify changes (Python)
 - [send_to_phone](https://github.com/whipped-cream/send_to_phone) - Scripts to upload a file to Transfer.sh and ping ntfy with the download link (Python)
 - [ntfy Discord bot](https://github.com/R0dn3yS/ntfy-bot) - WIP ntfy discord bot (TypeScript)
@@ -105,15 +143,114 @@ and uptime of third party servers, so use of each server is **at your own discre
 - [ntfy_on_a_chip](https://github.com/gergepalfi/ntfy_on_a_chip) - ESP8266 and ESP32 client code to communicate with ntfy
 - [ntfy-sdk](https://github.com/yukibtc/ntfy-sdk) - ntfy client library to send notifications (Rust)
 - [ntfy_ynh](https://github.com/YunoHost-Apps/ntfy_ynh) - ntfy app for YunoHost 
+- [woodpecker-ntfy](https://codeberg.org/l-x/woodpecker-ntfy)- Woodpecker CI plugin for sending ntfy notfication from a pipeline (Go)
 - [drone-ntfy](https://github.com/Clortox/drone-ntfy) - Drone.io plugin for sending ntfy notifications from a pipeline (Shell)
 - [ignition-ntfy-module](https://github.com/Kyvis-Labs/ignition-ntfy-module) - Adds support for sending notifications via a ntfy server to Ignition (Java)
 - [maubot-ntfy](https://gitlab.com/999eagle/maubot-ntfy) - Matrix bot to subscribe to ntfy topics and send messages to Matrix (Python)
 - [ntfy-wrapper](https://github.com/vict0rsch/ntfy-wrapper) - Wrapper around ntfy (Python)
 - [nodebb-plugin-ntfy](https://github.com/NodeBB/nodebb-plugin-ntfy) - Push notifications for NodeBB forums
 - [n8n-ntfy](https://github.com/raghavanand98/n8n-ntfy.sh) - n8n community node that lets you use ntfy in your workflows
+- [nlog-ntfy](https://github.com/MichelMichels/nlog-ntfy) - Send NLog messages over ntfy (C# / .NET / NLog)
+- [helm-charts](https://github.com/sarab97/helm-charts) - Helm charts of some of the selfhosted services, incl. ntfy
+- [ntfy_ansible_role](https://github.com/stevenengland/ntfy_ansible_role) (on [Ansible Galaxy](https://galaxy.ansible.com/stevenengland/ntfy)) - Ansible role to install ntfy
+- [easy2ntfy](https://github.com/chromoxdor/easy2ntfy) - Gateway for ESPeasy to receive commands through ntfy and using easyfetch (HTML/JS)
+- [ntfy_lite](https://github.com/MPI-IS/ntfy_lite) - Minimalist python API for pushing ntfy notifications (Python)
+- [notify](https://github.com/guanguans/notify) - 推送通知 (PHP)
+- [zpool-events](https://github.com/maglar0/zpool-events) - Notify on ZFS pool events (Python)
+- [ntfyd](https://github.com/joachimschmidt557/ntfyd) - ntfy desktop daemon (Zig)
+- [ntfy-browser](https://github.com/johman10/ntfy-browser) - browser extension to receive notifications without having the page open (TypeScript)
+- [ntfy-electron](https://github.com/xdpirate/ntfy-electron) - Electron wrapper for the ntfy web app (JS)
+- [systemd-ntfy-poweronoff](https://github.com/stendler/systemd-ntfy-poweronoff) - Systemd services to send notifications on system startup, shutdown and service failure
+- [msgdrop](https://github.com/jbrubake/msgdrop) - Send and receive encrypted messages (Bash)
+- [vigilant](https://github.com/VerifiedJoseph/vigilant) - Monitor RSS/ATOM and JSON feeds, and send push notifications on new entries (PHP)
+- [ansible-role-ntfy-alertmanager](https://github.com/bleetube/ansible-role-ntfy-alertmanager) - Ansible role to install xenrox/ntfy-alertmanager
+- [NtfyMe-Blender](https://github.com/NotNanook/NtfyMe-Blender) - Blender addon to send notifications to NtfyMe (Python)
+- [ntfy-ios-url-share](https://www.icloud.com/shortcuts/be8a7f49530c45f79733cfe3e41887e6) - An iOS shortcut that lets you share URLs easily and quickly.
+- [ntfy-ios-filesharing](https://www.icloud.com/shortcuts/fe948d151b2e4ae08fb2f9d6b27d680b) - An iOS shortcut that lets you share files from your share feed to a topic of your choice.
+- [systemd-ntfy](https://hackage.haskell.org/package/systemd-ntfy) - monitor a set of systemd services an send a notification to ntfy.sh whenever their status changes
+- [RouterOS Scripts](https://git.eworm.de/cgit/routeros-scripts/about/) - a collection of scripts for MikroTik RouterOS
+- [ntfy-android-builder](https://github.com/TheBlusky/ntfy-android-builder) - Script for building ntfy-android with custom Firebase configuration (Docker/Shell)
+- [jetspotter](https://github.com/vvanouytsel/jetspotter) - send notifications when planes are spotted near you (Go)
+- [monitoring_ntfy](https://www.drupal.org/project/monitoring_ntfy) - Drupal monitoring Ntfy.sh integration (PHP/Drupal)
+- [Notify](https://flathub.org/apps/com.ranfdev.Notify) - Native GTK4 client for ntfy (Rust) 
+- [notify-via-ntfy](https://exchange.checkmk.com/p/notify-via-ntfy) - Checkmk plugin to send notifications via ntfy (Python)
+- [ntfy-java](https://github.com/MaheshBabu11/ntfy-java/) - A Java package to interact with a ntfy server (Java)
+- [container-update-check](https://github.com/stendler/container-update-check) - Scripts to check and notify if a podman or docker container image can be updated (Podman/Shell)
+- [ignition-combustion-template](https://github.com/stendler/ignition-combustion-template) - Templates and scripts to generate a configuration to automatically setup a system on first boot. Including systemd-ntfy-poweronoff (Shell)
+- [ntfy-run](https://github.com/quantum5/ntfy-run) - Tool to run a command, capture its output, and send it to ntfy (Rust)
+- [Clipboard IO](https://github.com/jim3692/clipboard-io) - End to end encrypted clipboard
+- [ntfy-me-mcp](https://github.com/gitmotion/ntfy-me-mcp) - An ntfy MCP server for sending/fetching ntfy notifications to your self-hosted ntfy server from AI Agents (supports secure token auth & more - use with npx or docker!) (Node/Typescript)
+- [InvaderInformant](https://github.com/patricksthannon/InvaderInformant) - Script for Mac OS systems that monitors new or dropped connections to your network using ntfy (Shell)
+- [NtfyPwsh](https://github.com/ptmorris1/NtfyPwsh) - PowerShell module to help send messages to ntfy (PowerShell)
+- [ntfyrr](https://github.com/leukosaima/ntfyrr) - Overseerr and Maintainerr webhook notification to ntfy helper service (C#)
+- [ntfy for Sandstorm](https://apps.sandstorm.io/app/c6rk81r4qk6dm3k04x1kxmyccqewhh4npuxeyg1xrpfypn2ddy0h) - ntfy app for the Sandstorm platform
+- [ntfy-heartbeat-monitor](https://codeberg.org/RockWolf/ntfy-heartbeat-monitor) - Application for implementing heartbeat monitoring/alerting by utilizing ntfy
+- [ntfy-bridge](https://github.com/AlexGaudon/ntfy-bridge) - An application to bridge Discord messages (or webhooks) to ntfy.
+- [ntailfy](https://github.com/leukosaima/ntailfy) - ntfy notifications when Tailscale devices connect/disconnect (Go)
+- [BRun](https://github.com/cbrake/brun) - Native Linux automation platform connecting triggers to actions without containers (Go)
+- [Uptime Monitor](https://uptime-monitor.org) - Self-hosted, enterprise-grade uptime monitoring and alerting system (TS)
+- [send_to_ntfy_extension](https://github.com/TheDuffman85/send_to_ntfy_extension/) ⭐ - A browser extension to send the notifications to ntfy (JS)
+- [SIA-Server](https://github.com/ZebMcKayhan/SIA-Server) - A light weight, self-hosted notification Server for Honywell Galaxy Flex alarm systems (Python)
+- [zabbix-ntfy](https://github.com/torgrimt/zabbix-ntfy) - Zabbix server Mediatype to add support for ntfy.sh services
+- [Rubix Notify](https://wordpress.org/plugins/rubix-notify) - WordPress Integration with ntfy (PHP + React).
 
 ## Blog + forum posts
 
+- [Push alerts for WHM using ntfy](https://rubixstudios.com.au/insights/push-alerts-for-whm-using-ntfy) - rubixstudios.com.au - 5/2026
+- [Device notifications via HTTP with ntfy](https://alistairshepherd.uk/writing/ntfy/) - alistairshepherd.uk - 6/2025
+- [Notifications about (almost) anything with ntfy.sh](https://hamatti.org/posts/notifications-about-almost-anything-with-ntfy-sh/) - hamatti.org - 6/2025
+- [I set up a self-hosted notification service for everything, and I'll never look back](https://www.xda-developers.com/set-up-self-hosted-notification-service/) ⭐ - xda-developers.com - 5/2025
+- [How to Set Up Ntfy: Self-Hosted Push Notifications Made Easy](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDJDiAYZ3H0) - youtube.com (sass drew) - 1/2025
+- [The NTFY is a game-changer FREE solution for IT people](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtlztHT-sRw) - youtube.com (Valters Tech Turf) - 1/2025
+- [Notify: A Powerful Tool for Real-Time Notifications (ntfy.sh)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXTTeVfGBz0) - youtube.com (LinuxCloudHacks) - 12/2025
+- [Push notifications with ntfy and n8n](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKG1R3xYvwQ) - youtube.com (Oskar) - 10/2024
+- [Setup ntfy for selfhosted notifications with Cloudflare Tunnel](https://medium.com/@svenvanginkel/setup-ntfy-for-selfhosted-notifications-with-cloudflare-tunnel-e342f470177d) - medium.com (Sven van Ginkel) - 10/2024
+- [Self-Host NTFY - How It Works & Easy Setup Guide](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79wHc_jfrJE) ⭐ - youtube.com (Techdox)- 9/2024
+- [ntfy / Emacs Lisp](https://speechcode.com/blog/ntfy/) - speechcode.com - 3/2024
+- [Boost Your Productivity with ntfy.sh: The Ultimate Notification Tool for Command-Line Users](https://dev.to/archetypal/boost-your-productivity-with-ntfysh-the-ultimate-notification-tool-for-command-line-users-iil) - dev.to - 3/2024
+- [Nextcloud Talk (F-Droid version) notifications using ntfy (ntfy.sh)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0a6PpfN5PD8) - youtube.com - 2/2024
+- [ZFS and SMART Warnings via Ntfy](https://rair.dev/zfs-smart-ntfy/) - rair.dev - 2/2024
+- [Automating Security Camera Notifications With Home Assistant and Ntfy](https://runtimeterror.dev/automating-camera-notifications-home-assistant-ntfy/) ⭐ - runtimeterror.dev - 2/2024
+- [Ntfy: self-hosted notification service](https://medium.com/@williamdonze/ntfy-self-hosted-notification-service-0f3eada6e657) ⭐ - williamdonze.medium.com - 1/2024
+- [Let’s Supercharge Snowflake Alerts with Cool ntfy Open-source Notifications!](https://sarathi-data-ml-cloud.medium.com/lets-supercharge-snowflake-alerts-with-cool-ntfy-open-source-notifications-296da442c331) - sarathi-data-ml-cloud.medium.com - 1/2024
+- [Setting up NTFY with Ngnix-Proxy-Manager, authentication and Ansible notifications](https://random-it-blog.de/rocky-linux/setting-up-ntfy-with-ngnix-proxy-manager-authentication-and-ansible-notifications/) - random-it-blog.de - 12/2023
+- [Introducing the Monitoring Ntfy.sh Integration Module: Real-time Notifications for Drupal Monitoring](https://cyberschorsch.dev/drupal/introducing-monitoring-ntfysh-integration-module-real-time-notifications-drupal-monitoring) - cyberschorsch.dev - 11/2023
+- [How to install Ntfy.sh on CasaOS using BigBearCasaOS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSWhtSNwTd8) - youtube.com - 10/2023
+- [Podman Update Notifications via Ntfy](https://rair.dev/podman-update-notifications-ntfy/) - rair.dev - 9/2023
+- [Easy Push Notifications With ntfy.sh](https://runtimeterror.dev/easy-push-notifications-with-ntfy/) ⭐ - runtimeterror.dev - 9/2023
+- [Ntfy: Your Ultimate Push Notification Powerhouse!](https://kkamalesh117.medium.com/ntfy-your-ultimate-push-notification-powerhouse-1968c070f1d1) - kkamalesh117.medium.com - 9/2023
+- [Installing Self Host NTFY On Linux Using Docker Container](https://www.pinoylinux.org/topicsplus/containers/installing-self-host-ntfy-on-linux-using-docker-container/) - pinoylinux.org - 9/2023
+- [Homelab Notifications with ntfy](https://blog.alexsguardian.net/posts/2023/09/12/selfhosting-ntfy/) ⭐ - alexsguardian.net - 9/2023 
+- [Why NTFY is the Ultimate Push Notification Tool for Your Needs](https://osintph.medium.com/why-ntfy-is-the-ultimate-push-notification-tool-for-your-needs-e767421c84c5) - osintph.medium.com - 9/2023
+- [Supercharge Your Alerts: Ntfy — The Ultimate Push Notification Solution](https://medium.com/spring-boot/supercharge-your-alerts-ntfy-the-ultimate-push-notification-solution-a3dda79651fe) - spring-boot.medium.com - 9/2023
+- [Deploy Ntfy using Docker](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/deploy-ntfy-mohamed-sharfy/) - linkedin.com - 9/2023
+- [Send Notifications With Ntfy for New WordPress Posts](https://www.activepieces.com/blog/ntfy-notifications-for-wordpress-new-posts) - activepieces.com - 9/2023
+- [Get Ntfy Notifications About New Zendesk Ticket](https://www.activepieces.com/blog/ntfy-notifications-about-new-zendesk-tickets) - activepieces.com - 9/2023
+- [Set reminder for recurring events using ntfy & Cron](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3O4aQ-EcYk) - youtube.com - 9/2023
+- [ntfy - Installation and full configuration setup](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QMy14rGmpFI) - youtube.com - 9/2023
+- [How to install Ntfy.sh on Portainer / Docker Compose](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utD9GNbAwyg) - youtube.com - 9/2023
+- [ntfy - Push-Benachrichtigungen // Push Notifications](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LE3vRPPqZOU) - youtube.com - 9/2023
+- [Podman Update Notifications via Ntfy](https://rair.dev/podman-upadte-notifications-ntfy/) - rair.dev - 9/2023
+- [How to Send Alerts From Raspberry Pi Pico W to a Phone or Tablet](https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/send-alerts-raspberry-pi-pico-w-to-mobile-device) - tomshardware.com - 8/2023
+- [NetworkChunk - how did I NOT know about this?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poDIT2ruQ9M) ⭐ - youtube.com - 8/2023
+- [NTFY - Command-Line Notifications](https://academy.networkchuck.com/blog/ntfy/) - academy.networkchuck.com - 8/2023
+- [Open Source Push Notifications! Get notified of any event you can imagine. Triggers abound!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WJgwWXt79pE) ⭐ - youtube.com - 8/2023
+- [How to install and self host an Ntfy server on Linux](https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-and-self-host-an-ntfy-server-on-linux) - linuxconfig.org - 7/2023
+- [Basic website monitoring using cronjobs and ntfy.sh](https://burkhardt.dev/2023/website-monitoring-cron-ntfy/) - burkhardt.dev - 6/2023 
+- [Pingdom alternative in one line of curl through ntfy.sh](https://piqoni.bearblog.dev/uptime-monitoring-in-one-line-of-curl/) - bearblog.dev - 6/2023 
+- [#OpenSourceDiscovery 78: ntfy.sh](https://opensourcedisc.substack.com/p/opensourcediscovery-78-ntfysh) - opensourcedisc.substack.com - 6/2023 
+- [ntfy: des notifications instantanées](https://blogmotion.fr/diy/ntfy-notification-push-domotique-20708) - blogmotion.fr - 5/2023
+- [桌面通知：ntfy](https://www.cnblogs.com/xueweihan/archive/2023/05/04/17370060.html) - cnblogs.com - 5/2023 
+- [ntfy.sh - Open source push notifications via PUT/POST](https://lobste.rs/s/5drapz/ntfy_sh_open_source_push_notifications) - lobste.rs - 5/2023 
+- [Install ntfy Inside Docker Container in Linux](https://lindevs.com/install-ntfy-inside-docker-container-in-linux) - lindevs.com - 4/2023 
+- [ntfy.sh](https://neo-sahara.com/wp/2023/03/25/ntfy-sh/) - neo-sahara.com - 3/2023 
+- [Using Ntfy to send and receive push notifications - Samuel Rosa de Oliveria - Delphicon 2023](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=feu0skpI9QI) - youtube.com - 3/2023 
+- [ntfy: własny darmowy system powiadomień](https://sprawdzone.it/ntfy-wlasny-darmowy-system-powiadomien/) - sprawdzone.it - 3/2023 
+- [Deploying ntfy on railway](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=auJICXtxoNA) - youtube.com - 3/2023
+- [Start-Job,Variables, and ntfy.sh](https://klingele.dev/2023/03/01/start-jobvariables-and-ntfy-sh/) - klingele.dev - 3/2023 
+- [enviar notificaciones automáticas usando ntfy.sh](https://osiux.com/2023-02-15-send-automatic-notifications-using-ntfy.html) - osiux.com - 2/2023 
+- [Carnet IP动态解析以及通过ntfy推送IP信息](https://blog.wslll.cn/index.php/archives/201/) - blog.wslll.cn - 2/2023 
+- [Open-Source-Brieftaube: ntfy verschickt Push-Meldungen auf Smartphone und PC](https://www.heise.de/news/Open-Source-Brieftaube-ntfy-verschickt-Push-Meldungen-auf-Smartphone-und-PC-7521583.html) ⭐ - heise.de - 2/2023 
 - [Video: Simple Push Notifications ntfy](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9EcWrsjE20) ⭐ - youtube.com - 2/2023
 - [Use ntfy.sh with Home Assistant](https://diecknet.de/en/2023/02/12/ntfy-sh-with-homeassistant/) - diecknet.de - 2/2023 
 - [On installe Ntfy sur Synology Docker](https://www.maison-et-domotique.com/140356-serveur-notification-jeedom-ntfy-synology-docker/) - maison-et-domotique.co - 1/2023 
@@ -122,10 +259,13 @@ and uptime of third party servers, so use of each server is **at your own discre
 - [UnifiedPush: a decentralized, open-source push notification protocol](https://f-droid.org/en/2022/12/18/unifiedpush.html) ⭐ - 12/2022
 - [ntfy setup instructions](https://docs.benjamin-altpeter.de/network/vms/1001029-ntfy/) - benjamin-altpeter.de - 12/2022
 - [Ntfy Self-Hosted Push Notifications](https://lachlanlife.net/posts/2022-12-ntfy/) - lachlanlife.net - 12/2022 
+- [NTFY - système de notification hyper simple et complet](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UieZYWVVgA4) - youtube.com - 12/2022
 - [ntfy.sh](https://paramdeo.com/til/ntfy-sh) - paramdeo.com - 11/2022
 - [Using ntfy to warn me when my computer is discharging](https://ulysseszh.github.io/programming/2022/11/28/ntfy-warn-discharge.html) - ulysseszh.github.io - 11/2022
+- [Enabling SSH Login Notifications using Ntfy](https://paramdeo.com/blog/enabling-ssh-login-notifications-using-ntfy) - paramdeo.com - 11/2022
 - [ntfy - Push Notification Service](https://dizzytech.de/posts/ntfy/) - dizzytech.de - 11/2022 
 - [Console #132](https://console.substack.com/p/console-132) ⭐ - console.substack.com - 11/2022
+- [How to make my phone buzz*](https://evbogue.com/howtomakemyphonebuzz) - evbogue.com - 11/2022
 - [MeshCentral - Ntfy Push Notifications ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wyE4rtUd4Bg) - youtube.com - 11/2022
 - [Changelog | Tracking layoffs, tech worker demand still high, ntfy, ...](https://changelog.com/news/tracking-layoffs-tech-worker-demand-still-high-ntfy-devenv-markdoc-mike-bifulco-Y1jW) ⭐ - changelog.com - 11/2022
 - [Pointer | Issue #367](https://www.pointer.io/archives/a9495a2a6f/) - pointer.io - 11/2022
@@ -163,3 +303,24 @@ and uptime of third party servers, so use of each server is **at your own discre
 - [ntfy otro sistema de notificaciones pub-sub simple basado en HTTP](https://ugeek.github.io/blog/post/2021-11-05-ntfy-sh-otro-sistema-de-notificaciones-pub-sub-simple-basado-en-http.html) - ugeek.github.io - 11/2021
 - [Show HN: A tool to send push notifications to your phone, written in Go](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29715464) ⭐ - news.ycombinator.com - 12/2021
 - [Reddit selfhostable post](https://www.reddit.com/r/selfhosted/comments/qxlsm9/my_open_source_notification_android_app_and/) ⭐ - reddit.com - 11/2021
+- [ntfy on The Canary in the Cage Podcast](https://odysee.com/@TheCanaryInTheCage:b/The-Canary-in-the-Cage-Episode-42:1?r=4gitYjTacQqPEjf22874USecDQYJ5y5E&t=3062) - odysee.com - 1/2025
+- [NtfyPwsh - A PowerShell Module to Send Ntfy Messages](https://ptmorris1.github.io/posts/NtfyPwsh/) - github.io - 5/2025
+
+## Alternative ntfy servers
+
+Here's a list of public ntfy servers. As of right now, there is only one official server. The others are provided by the
+ntfy community. Thanks to everyone running a public server. **You guys rock!**
+
+| URL                                               | Country            |
+|---------------------------------------------------|--------------------|
+| [ntfy.sh](https://ntfy.sh/) (*Official*)          | 🇺🇸 United States |
+| [ntfy.tedomum.fr](https://ntfy.tedomum.fr/)     | 🇫🇷 France        |
+| [ntfy.jae.fi](https://ntfy.jae.fi/)               | 🇫🇮 Finland       |
+| [ntfy.adminforge.de](https://ntfy.adminforge.de/) | 🇩🇪 Germany       |
+| [ntfy.envs.net](https://ntfy.envs.net)            | 🇩🇪 Germany       |
+| [ntfy.mzte.de](https://ntfy.mzte.de/)             | 🇩🇪 Germany       |
+| [ntfy.hostux.net](https://ntfy.hostux.net/)       | 🇫🇷 France        |
+| [ntfy.fossman.de](https://ntfy.fossman.de/)       | 🇩🇪 Germany       |
+
+Please be aware that **server operators can log your messages**. The project also cannot guarantee the reliability
+and uptime of third party servers, so use of each server is **at your own discretion**.

docs/known-issues.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Known issues
-This is an incomplete list of known issues with the ntfy server, Android app, and iOS app. You can find a complete
+This is an incomplete list of known issues with the ntfy server, web app, Android app, and iOS app. You can find a complete
 list [on GitHub](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/labels/%F0%9F%AA%B2%20bug), but I thought it may be helpful
 to have the prominent ones here to link to.
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ For some (many?) users, the iOS app is not refreshing the view when new notifica
 swipe down, you do not see the newly arrived messages, even though the popup appeared before.
 
 This is caused by some weirdness between the Notification Service Extension (NSE), SwiftUI and Core Data. I am entirely
-clueless on how to fix it, sadly, as it is ephemeral and now clear to me what is causing it.
+clueless on how to fix it, sadly, as it is ephemeral and not clear to me what is causing it.
 
 Please send experienced iOS developers my way to help me figure this out.
 
@@ -26,3 +26,18 @@ Be sure that in your selfhosted server:
 
 * Set `upstream-base-url: "https://ntfy.sh"` (**not your own hostname!**)
 * Ensure that the URL you set in `base-url` **matches exactly** what you set the Default Server in iOS to 
+
+## iOS app seeing "New message", but not real message content
+If you see `New message` notifications on iOS, your iPhone can likely not talk to your self-hosted server. Be sure that
+your iOS device and your ntfy server are either on the same network, or that your phone can actually reach the server.
+
+Turn on tracing/debugging on the server (via `log-level: trace` or `log-level: debug`, see [troubleshooting](troubleshooting.md)),
+and read docs on [iOS instant notifications](https://docs.ntfy.sh/config/#ios-instant-notifications).
+
+## Safari does not play sounds for web push notifications
+Safari does not support playing sounds for web push notifications, and treats them all as silent. This will be fixed with
+iOS 17 / Safari 17, which will be released later in 2023.
+
+## PWA on iOS sometimes crashes with an IndexedDB error (see [#787](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/issues/787))
+When resuming the installed PWA from the background, it sometimes crashes with an error from IndexedDB/Dexie, due to a
+[WebKit bug]( https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=197050). A reload will fix it until a permanent fix is found.