Bump google.golang.org/api from 0.294.0 to 0.297.0

Bumps [google.golang.org/api](https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client) from 0.294.0 to 0.297.0. - [Release notes](https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client/blob/main/CHANGES.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client/compare/v0.294.0...v0.297.0) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: google.golang.org/api dependency-version: 0.297.0 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Bump
2026-10-08 21:05:21 +00:00 · 2026-09-15 21:43:11 +00:00 · 2026-08-27 20:16:48 +00:00 · 2026-08-27 19:42:30 +00:00 · 2026-08-27 16:38:21 +00:00 · 2026-08-27 14:14:03 +00:00
23 changed files with 1005 additions and 735 deletions
@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.26.5
+1.27.0
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ var flagsServe = append(
 	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "visitor-subscription-limit", Aliases: []string{"visitor_subscription_limit"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_SUBSCRIPTION_LIMIT"}, Value: server.DefaultVisitorSubscriptionLimit, Usage: "number of subscriptions per visitor"}),
 	altsrc.NewBoolFlag(&cli.BoolFlag{Name: "visitor-subscriber-rate-limiting", Aliases: []string{"visitor_subscriber_rate_limiting"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_SUBSCRIBER_RATE_LIMITING"}, Value: false, Usage: "enables subscriber-based rate limiting"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-attachment-total-size-limit", Aliases: []string{"visitor_attachment_total_size_limit"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT"}, Value: util.FormatSize(server.DefaultVisitorAttachmentTotalSizeLimit), Usage: "total storage limit used for attachments per visitor"}),
-	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit", Aliases: []string{"visitor_attachment_daily_bandwidth_limit"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_DAILY_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT"}, Value: "500M", Usage: "total daily attachment download/upload bandwidth limit per visitor"}),
+	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit", Aliases: []string{"visitor_attachment_daily_bandwidth_limit"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_DAILY_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT"}, Value: "500M", Usage: "total daily bandwidth limit per visitor, for attachment downloads/uploads and messages replayed from the cache by poll requests"}),
 	altsrc.NewIntFlag(&cli.IntFlag{Name: "visitor-request-limit-burst", Aliases: []string{"visitor_request_limit_burst"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_BURST"}, Value: server.DefaultVisitorRequestLimitBurst, Usage: "initial limit of requests per visitor"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-request-limit-replenish", Aliases: []string{"visitor_request_limit_replenish"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_REPLENISH"}, Value: util.FormatDuration(server.DefaultVisitorRequestLimitReplenish), Usage: "interval at which burst limit is replenished (one per x)"}),
 	altsrc.NewStringFlag(&cli.StringFlag{Name: "visitor-request-limit-exempt-hosts", Aliases: []string{"visitor_request_limit_exempt_hosts"}, EnvVars: []string{"NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_EXEMPT_HOSTS"}, Value: "", Usage: "hostnames and/or IP addresses of hosts that will be exempt from the visitor request limit"}),
@@ -1911,7 +1911,9 @@ per-visitor limits:
 * `visitor-attachment-total-size-limit` is the total storage limit used for attachments per visitor. It defaults to 100M.
  The per-visitor storage is automatically decreased as attachments expire. External attachments (attached via `X-Attach`, 
  see [publishing docs](publish.md#attachments)) do not count here. 
-* `visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit` is the total daily attachment download/upload bandwidth limit per visitor, 
+* `visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit` is the total daily bandwidth limit per visitor. It covers attachment
+  downloads/uploads, and messages replayed from the message cache by poll requests (a poll without a `since` cursor
+  returns a topic's entire cache, so a busy topic can be re-read for many times its own size), 
  including PUT and GET requests. This is to protect your precious bandwidth from abuse, since egress costs money in
  most cloud providers. This defaults to 500M.

@@ -2382,7 +2384,7 @@ variable before running the `ntfy` command (e.g. `export NTFY_LISTEN_HTTP=:80`).
 | `upstream-base-url`                        | `NTFY_UPSTREAM_BASE_URL`                        | *URL*                                               | `https://ntfy.sh` | Forward poll request to an upstream server, this is needed for iOS push notifications for self-hosted servers                                                                                                                           |
 | `upstream-access-token`                    | `NTFY_UPSTREAM_ACCESS_TOKEN`                    | *string*                                            | `tk_zyYLYj...`    | Access token to use for the upstream server; needed only if upstream rate limits are exceeded or upstream server requires auth                                                                                                          |
 | `visitor-attachment-total-size-limit`      | `NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT`      | *size*                                              | 100M              | Rate limiting: Total storage limit used for attachments per visitor, for all attachments combined. Storage is freed after attachments expire. See `attachment-expiry-duration`.                                                         |
-| `visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit` | `NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_DAILY_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT` | *size*                                              | 500M              | Rate limiting: Total daily attachment download/upload traffic limit per visitor. This is to protect your bandwidth costs from exploding.                                                                                                |
+| `visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit` | `NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_DAILY_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT` | *size*                                              | 500M              | Rate limiting: Total daily traffic limit per visitor, covering attachment downloads/uploads and messages replayed from the cache by poll requests. This is to protect your bandwidth costs from exploding.                              |
 | `visitor-email-limit-burst`                | `NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_BURST`                | *number*                                            | 16                | Rate limiting:Initial limit of e-mails per visitor                                                                                                                                                                                      |
 | `visitor-email-limit-replenish`            | `NTFY_VISITOR_EMAIL_LIMIT_REPLENISH`            | *duration*                                          | 1h                | Rate limiting: Strongly related to `visitor-email-limit-burst`: The rate at which the bucket is refilled                                                                                                                                |
 | `visitor-message-daily-limit`              | `NTFY_VISITOR_MESSAGE_DAILY_LIMIT`              | *number*                                            | -                 | Rate limiting: Allowed number of messages per day per visitor, reset every day at midnight (UTC). By default, this value is unset.                                                                                                      |
@@ -2498,7 +2500,7 @@ OPTIONS:
   --visitor-subscription-limit value, --visitor_subscription_limit value                                                 number of subscriptions per visitor (default: 30) [$NTFY_VISITOR_SUBSCRIPTION_LIMIT]
   --visitor-subscriber-rate-limiting, --visitor_subscriber_rate_limiting                                                 enables subscriber-based rate limiting (default: false) [$NTFY_VISITOR_SUBSCRIBER_RATE_LIMITING]
   --visitor-attachment-total-size-limit value, --visitor_attachment_total_size_limit value                               total storage limit used for attachments per visitor (default: "100M") [$NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_TOTAL_SIZE_LIMIT]
-   --visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit value, --visitor_attachment_daily_bandwidth_limit value                     total daily attachment download/upload bandwidth limit per visitor (default: "500M") [$NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_DAILY_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT]
+   --visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit value, --visitor_attachment_daily_bandwidth_limit value                     total daily bandwidth limit per visitor, for attachment downloads/uploads and messages replayed from the cache by poll requests (default: "500M") [$NTFY_VISITOR_ATTACHMENT_DAILY_BANDWIDTH_LIMIT]
   --visitor-request-limit-burst value, --visitor_request_limit_burst value                                               initial limit of requests per visitor (default: 60) [$NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_BURST]
   --visitor-request-limit-replenish value, --visitor_request_limit_replenish value                                       interval at which burst limit is replenished (one per x) (default: "5s") [$NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_REPLENISH]
   --visitor-request-limit-exempt-hosts value, --visitor_request_limit_exempt_hosts value                                 hostnames and/or IP addresses of hosts that will be exempt from the visitor request limit [$NTFY_VISITOR_REQUEST_LIMIT_EXEMPT_HOSTS]
@@ -34,37 +34,37 @@ as a service starting at boot time.

 === "x86_64/amd64"
    ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
-    tar zxvf ntfy_2.27.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
-    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.27.0_linux_amd64/ntfy /usr/local/bin/ntfy
-    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.27.0_linux_amd64/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
+    tar zxvf ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
+    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64/ntfy /usr/local/bin/ntfy
+    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
    sudo ntfy serve
    ```

 === "armv6"
    ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv6.tar.gz
-    tar zxvf ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv6.tar.gz
-    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv6/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
-    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv6/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6.tar.gz
+    tar zxvf ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6.tar.gz
+    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
+    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
    sudo ntfy serve
    ```

 === "armv7/armhf"
    ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv7.tar.gz
-    tar zxvf ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv7.tar.gz
-    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv7/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
-    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv7/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7.tar.gz
+    tar zxvf ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7.tar.gz
+    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
+    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
    sudo ntfy serve
    ```

 === "arm64"
    ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_linux_arm64.tar.gz
-    tar zxvf ntfy_2.27.0_linux_arm64.tar.gz
-    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.27.0_linux_arm64/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
-    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.27.0_linux_arm64/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64.tar.gz
+    tar zxvf ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64.tar.gz
+    sudo cp -a ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64/ntfy /usr/bin/ntfy
+    sudo mkdir /etc/ntfy && sudo cp ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64/{client,server}/*.yml /etc/ntfy
    sudo ntfy serve
    ```

@@ -84,25 +84,25 @@ Install the ntfy server unit file (which contains parameters to start the servic

 === "x86_64/amd64"
    ```bash
-    sudo mv ntfy_2.27.0_linux_amd64/server/ntfy.service /etc/systemd/system/
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64/server/ntfy.service /etc/systemd/system/
    sudo chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/ntfy.service
    ```

 === "armv6"
    ```bash
-    sudo mv ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv6/server/ntfy.service /etc/systemd/system/
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6/server/ntfy.service /etc/systemd/system/
    sudo chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/ntfy.service
    ```

 === "armv7/armhf"
    ```bash
-    sudo mv ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv7/server/ntfy.service /etc/systemd/system/
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7/server/ntfy.service /etc/systemd/system/
    sudo chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/ntfy.service
    ```

 === "arm64"
    ```bash
-    sudo mv ntfy_2.27.0_linux_arm64/server/ntfy.service /etc/systemd/system/
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64/server/ntfy.service /etc/systemd/system/
    sudo chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/ntfy.service
    ```

@@ -118,25 +118,25 @@ Install the ntfy server service script:

 === "x86_64/amd64"
    ```bash
-    sudo mv ntfy_2.27.0_linux_amd64/server/ntfy.openrc /etc/init.d/ntfy
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64/server/ntfy.openrc /etc/init.d/ntfy
    sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/ntfy
    ```

 === "armv6"
    ```bash
-    sudo mv ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv6/server/ntfy.openrc /etc/init.d/ntfy
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6/server/ntfy.openrc /etc/init.d/ntfy
    sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/ntfy
    ```

 === "armv7/armhf"
    ```bash
-    sudo mv ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv7/server/ntfy.openrc /etc/init.d/ntfy
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7/server/ntfy.openrc /etc/init.d/ntfy
    sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/ntfy
    ```

 === "arm64"
    ```bash
-    sudo mv ntfy_2.27.0_linux_arm64/server/ntfy.openrc /etc/init.d/ntfy
+    sudo mv ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64/server/ntfy.openrc /etc/init.d/ntfy
    sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/ntfy
    ```

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Manually installing the .deb file:

 === "x86_64/amd64"
    ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_linux_amd64.deb
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64.deb
    sudo dpkg -i ntfy_*.deb
    sudo systemctl enable ntfy
    sudo systemctl start ntfy
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ Manually installing the .deb file:

 === "armv6"
    ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv6.deb
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6.deb
    sudo dpkg -i ntfy_*.deb
    sudo systemctl enable ntfy
    sudo systemctl start ntfy
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ Manually installing the .deb file:

 === "armv7/armhf"
    ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv7.deb
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7.deb
    sudo dpkg -i ntfy_*.deb
    sudo systemctl enable ntfy
    sudo systemctl start ntfy
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ Manually installing the .deb file:

 === "arm64"
    ```bash
-    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_linux_arm64.deb
+    wget https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64.deb
    sudo dpkg -i ntfy_*.deb
    sudo systemctl enable ntfy
    sudo systemctl start ntfy
@@ -238,28 +238,28 @@ Manually installing the .deb file:

 === "x86_64/amd64"
    ```bash
-    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_linux_amd64.rpm
+    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_amd64.rpm
    sudo systemctl enable ntfy 
    sudo systemctl start ntfy
    ```

 === "armv6"
    ```bash
-    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv6.rpm
+    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv6.rpm
    sudo systemctl enable ntfy
    sudo systemctl start ntfy
    ```

 === "armv7/armhf"
    ```bash
-    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_linux_armv7.rpm
+    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_armv7.rpm
    sudo systemctl enable ntfy 
    sudo systemctl start ntfy
    ```

 === "arm64"
    ```bash
-    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_linux_arm64.rpm
+    sudo rpm -ivh https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_linux_arm64.rpm
    sudo systemctl enable ntfy 
    sudo systemctl start ntfy
    ```
@@ -301,18 +301,18 @@ pkg install go-ntfy

 ## macOS
 The [ntfy CLI](subscribe/cli.md) (`ntfy publish` and `ntfy subscribe` only) is supported on macOS as well. 
-To install, please [download the tarball](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_darwin_all.tar.gz), 
+To install, please [download the tarball](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_darwin_all.tar.gz), 
 extract it and place it somewhere in your `PATH` (e.g. `/usr/local/bin/ntfy`). 

 If run as `root`, ntfy will look for its config at `/etc/ntfy/client.yml`. For all other users, it'll look for it at 
 `~/Library/Application Support/ntfy/client.yml` (sample included in the tarball).

 ```bash
-curl -L https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_darwin_all.tar.gz > ntfy_2.27.0_darwin_all.tar.gz
-tar zxvf ntfy_2.27.0_darwin_all.tar.gz
-sudo cp -a ntfy_2.27.0_darwin_all/ntfy /usr/local/bin/ntfy
+curl -L https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_darwin_all.tar.gz > ntfy_2.28.0_darwin_all.tar.gz
+tar zxvf ntfy_2.28.0_darwin_all.tar.gz
+sudo cp -a ntfy_2.28.0_darwin_all/ntfy /usr/local/bin/ntfy
 mkdir ~/Library/Application\ Support/ntfy 
-cp ntfy_2.27.0_darwin_all/client/client.yml ~/Library/Application\ Support/ntfy/client.yml
+cp ntfy_2.28.0_darwin_all/client/client.yml ~/Library/Application\ Support/ntfy/client.yml
 ntfy --help
 ```

@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ brew install ntfy
 The ntfy server and CLI are fully supported on Windows. You can run the ntfy server directly or as a Windows service.
 To install, you can either

-* [Download the latest ZIP](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.27.0/ntfy_2.27.0_windows_amd64.zip),
+* [Download the latest ZIP](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/releases/download/v2.28.0/ntfy_2.28.0_windows_amd64.zip),
 extract it and place the `ntfy.exe` binary somewhere in your `%Path%`. 
 * Or install ntfy from the [Scoop](https://scoop.sh) main repository via `scoop install ntfy`

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ I've added a ⭐ to projects or posts that have a significant following, or had
 - [ntfy-java](https://github.com/MaheshBabu11/ntfy-java/) - A Java package to interact with a ntfy server (Java)
 - [aiontfy](https://github.com/tr4nt0r/aiontfy) - Asynchronous client library for publishing and subscribing to ntfy (Python)
 - [ex_ntfy](https://github.com/houllette/ex_ntfy) - Elixir SDK covering publishing, polling, and streaming subscriptions for ntfy servers (Elixir)
+- [ntfy-logging](https://github.com/Pimak/ntfy-logging) - Turns JVM error logs into ntfy notifications, with zero-code adapters for java.util.logging, Logback, Log4j2, Spring Boot, Micronaut and Quarkus (Java)

 ## CLIs + GUIs

@@ -4931,7 +4931,8 @@ but just in case, let's list them all:
 | **Subscription limit**     | By default, the server allows each visitor to keep 30 connections to the server open.                                                                                                                                   |
 | **Attachment size limit**  | By default, the server allows attachments up to 15 MB in size, up to 100 MB in total per visitor and up to 5 GB across all visitors. On ntfy.sh, the attachment size limit is 2 MB, and the per-visitor total is 20 MB. |
 | **Attachment expiry**      | By default, the server deletes attachments after 3 hours and thereby frees up space from the total visitor attachment limit.                                                                                            |
-| **Attachment bandwidth**   | By default, the server allows 500 MB of GET/PUT/POST traffic for attachments per visitor in a 24 hour period. Traffic exceeding that is rejected. On ntfy.sh, the daily bandwidth limit is 200 MB.                      |
+| **Title and tag size**    | The message title is limited to 1 KB, and all tags combined to 512 bytes. Requests exceeding either are rejected with HTTP 400. |
+| **Daily bandwidth**        | By default, the server allows 500 MB of traffic per visitor in a 24 hour period, covering attachment GET/PUT/POST traffic and messages replayed from the cache by [poll requests](subscribe/api.md#replay-limits). Traffic exceeding that is rejected. On ntfy.sh, the daily bandwidth limit is 200 MB.  |
 | **Total number of topics** | By default, the server is configured to allow 15,000 topics. The ntfy.sh server has higher limits though.                                                                                                               |

 These limits can be changed on a per-user basis using [tiers](config.md#tiers). If [payments](config.md#payments) are enabled, a user tier can be changed by purchasing
@@ -6,12 +6,27 @@ and the [ntfy Android app](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy-android/release

 | Component        | Version | Release date  |
 |------------------|---------|---------------|
-| ntfy server      | v2.27.0 | Aug 4, 2026   |
+| ntfy server      | v2.28.0 | Aug 27, 2026  |
 | ntfy Android app | v1.25.2 | July 23, 2026 |
 | ntfy iOS app     | v1.7.0  | May 30, 2026  |

 Please check out the release notes for [upcoming releases](#not-released-yet) below.

+### ntfy server v2.28.0
+Released August 27, 2026
+
+This is a hardening release. A single topic on ntfy.sh was polled continuously with `poll=1` and no
+`since` cursor, which replays a topic's entire cache on every request. The changes below bound what one
+replay can cost, close two fields that had no size limit at all, and fix an ordering bug found while
+digging into it.
+
+**Bug fixes + maintenance:**
+
+* Fix messages being returned out of publish order when polling or replaying **several topics at once** (`/topic1,topic2/json?poll=1`). `Message.Time` has second granularity, so a multi-topic replay sorts many equal keys; the sort was unstable, which could shuffle a single topic's own messages. Single-topic replays were not affected ([#1297](https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy/issues/1297))
+* Limit the message title to 1 KB and all tags combined to 512 bytes, rejecting larger requests with HTTP 400 (error codes `40057` and `40058`). Neither field had a size limit before, unlike the message body; on ntfy.sh the 99.9th percentile is 212 bytes for titles and 244 for tags
+* Cap a single cache replay at 10 MB of messages per topic. A poll without a `since` cursor returns a topic's entire cache, which was previously unbounded and could reach tens of megabytes on a busy topic, so one request could allocate that much on the server. The newest messages that fit are kept and a truncated response carries an `X-Messages-Truncated: 1` header
+* `visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit` now also covers messages replayed from the message cache by poll requests, not just attachment traffic. A poll without a `since` cursor returns a topic's entire cache, so a topic that is cheap to fill can be re-read for many times its own size; polls beyond the budget are rejected with HTTP 429 (error code 42905) before anything is written. **Note that heavy pollers now consume the same budget as attachment downloads**, so operators serving both may want to raise the limit
+
 ### ntfy server v2.27.0
 Released August 4, 2026

@@ -245,6 +245,9 @@ combined with `since=` (defaults to `since=all`).
 curl -s "ntfy.sh/mytopic/json?poll=1"
 ```

+Note that a poll without `since=` returns a topic's **entire cache**, which on a busy topic can be
+large. See [replay limits](#replay-limits) below.
+
 ### Fetch cached messages
 Messages may be cached for a couple of hours (see [message caching](../config.md#message-cache)) to account for network
 interruptions of subscribers. If the server has configured message caching, you can read back what you missed by using 
@@ -275,6 +278,28 @@ parameter (makes most sense with the `poll=1` parameter):
 curl -s "ntfy.sh/mytopic/json?poll=1&sched=1"
 ```

+### Replay limits
+Reading cached messages (a `poll=1` request, or any request with `since=`) replays messages the server
+already stored, so unlike a live subscription its cost grows with the size of the topic's cache. Two
+server-side limits apply, both of which a well-behaved client should handle:
+
+* **The response is size-capped.** A replay returns only the newest messages that fit in 10 MB
+  **per topic** (counting body, title, tags and every other publisher-set field), and a capped response carries an `X-Messages-Truncated: 1` header. If you see that
+  header, older messages were dropped and you did not receive the full cache. In practice this only
+  affects very large topics; a client polling with `since=` never comes close.
+* **Replayed bytes count against your daily bandwidth budget**, the same one attachment downloads use
+  (see [limitations](../publish.md#limitations)). Exceeding it returns `HTTP 429` with ntfy error code
+  `42905`, and no messages are written.
+
+Both limits exist because a poll without `since=` re-reads the whole cache every time. If you are
+polling repeatedly, **pass `since=<last message ID>`** rather than re-fetching everything. The limits
+still apply to a `since=` replay, but it returns only what is new, so in practice you will not come
+near either one:
+
+```
+curl -s "ntfy.sh/mytopic/json?poll=1&since=nFS3knfcQ1xe"
+```
+
 ### Filter messages
 You can filter which messages are returned based on the well-known message fields `id`, `message`, `title`, `priority` and
 `tags`. Here's an example that only returns messages of high or urgent priority that contains the both tags 
@@ -308,6 +333,11 @@ $ curl -s ntfy.sh/mytopic1,mytopic2/json
 {"id":"Cm02DsxUHb","time":1637182643,"event":"message","topic":"mytopic2","message":"for topic 2"}
 ```

+When replaying cached messages for several topics at once, they are ordered by their `time` field.
+Because `time` has **second granularity**, messages published within the same second share a sort key:
+each topic's own messages stay in publish order, but the interleaving *between* topics is not defined.
+If you need a total order across topics, sort by `time` and fall back to the order received.
+
 ### Authentication
 Depending on whether the server is configured to support [access control](../config.md#access-control), some topics
 may be read/write protected so that only users with the correct credentials can subscribe or publish to them.
@@ -427,7 +457,7 @@ and can be passed as **HTTP headers** or **query parameters in the URL**. They a

 | Parameter   | Aliases (case-insensitive) | Description                                                                     |
 |-------------|----------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `poll`      | `X-Poll`, `po`             | Return cached messages and close connection                                     |
+| `poll`      | `X-Poll`, `po`             | Return cached messages and close connection (see [replay limits](#replay-limits)) |
 | `since`     | `X-Since`, `si`            | Return cached messages since timestamp, duration or message ID                  |
 | `scheduled` | `X-Scheduled`, `sched`     | Include scheduled/delayed messages in message list                              |
 | `id`        | `X-ID`                     | Filter: Only return messages that match this exact message ID                   |
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 module heckel.io/ntfy/v2

-go 1.25.8
+go 1.26.0

 require (
-	cloud.google.com/go/firestore v1.24.0 // indirect
-	cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.64.0 // indirect
+	cloud.google.com/go/firestore v1.25.0 // indirect
+	cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.65.1 // indirect
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
-	github.com/emersion/go-smtp v0.24.0
+	github.com/emersion/go-smtp v0.25.0
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.15
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3
-	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.49
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.50
 	github.com/olebedev/when v1.1.0
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.12.1
 	github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.27.7
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.55.0
 	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0
 	golang.org/x/term v0.45.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0
-	google.golang.org/api v0.291.0
+	google.golang.org/api v0.297.0
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0
 )

@@ -35,30 +35,29 @@ require (
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.24.1
 	github.com/stripe/stripe-go/v74 v74.30.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.40.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.41.0
 )

 require (
-	cel.dev/expr v0.25.2 // indirect
+	cel.dev/expr v0.25.3 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go v0.123.0 // indirect
-	cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.22.0 // indirect
+	cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.23.2 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 // indirect
-	cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.12.0 // indirect
+	cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.13.0 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v1.2.0 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/monitoring v1.30.0 // indirect
 	github.com/AlekSi/pointer v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/detectors/gcp v1.35.0 // indirect
-	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/exporter/metric v0.59.0 // indirect
-	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/internal/resourcemapping v0.59.0 // indirect
+	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/detectors/gcp v1.36.0 // indirect
+	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/exporter/metric v0.60.0 // indirect
+	github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/internal/resourcemapping v0.60.0 // indirect
 	github.com/MicahParks/keyfunc v1.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/aymerick/douceur v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20260202195803-dba9d589def2 // indirect
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/emersion/go-sasl v0.0.0-20241020182733-b788ff22d5a6 // indirect
-	github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy v1.37.0 // indirect
+	github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy v1.39.0 // indirect
 	github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.3.3 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4 // indirect
@@ -69,37 +68,38 @@ require (
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.9 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.19 // indirect
-	github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.23.0 // indirect
+	github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.21 // indirect
+	github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.24.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/css v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/planetscale/vtprotobuf v0.6.1-0.20240319094008-0393e58bdf10 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.70.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.21.1 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spiffe/go-spiffe/v2 v2.8.1 // indirect
-	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.3 // indirect
 	github.com/xrash/smetrics v0.0.0-20250705151800-55b8f293f342 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/detectors/gcp v1.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.69.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.69.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.44.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.44.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.57.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/detectors/gcp v1.46.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.71.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.71.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.46.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.46.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.46.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.46.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.46.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.58.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/appengine/v2 v2.0.6 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260803160001-6ac0973c030d // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260803160001-6ac0973c030d // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260803160001-6ac0973c030d // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.83.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260825221802-da73d73af1c5 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260825221802-da73d73af1c5 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260825221802-da73d73af1c5 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.83.2 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.12 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
-cel.dev/expr v0.25.2 h1:K6j46C81hXtZQfuX60cVWQFBJahKSE2gfRbNuvr5bFs=
-cel.dev/expr v0.25.2/go.mod h1:hrXvqGP6G6gyx8UAHSHJ5RGk//1Oj5nXQ2NI02Nrsg4=
+cel.dev/expr v0.25.3 h1:A2jO8jwOugrrovveCWfj0KEZOfqiLgAcwjpHPhzIGw0=
+cel.dev/expr v0.25.3/go.mod h1:hrXvqGP6G6gyx8UAHSHJ5RGk//1Oj5nXQ2NI02Nrsg4=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.123.0 h1:2NAUJwPR47q+E35uaJeYoNhuNEM9kM8SjgRgdeOJUSE=
 cloud.google.com/go v0.123.0/go.mod h1:xBoMV08QcqUGuPW65Qfm1o9Y4zKZBpGS+7bImXLTAZU=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.22.0 h1:Xp9wAKkLoeaYb5pYZZoQGz4E9sdPxIbzS3gywZE3ciQ=
-cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.22.0/go.mod h1:M9o2Oz+YI2jAfxewJgb1vyI3vceHF+eohmxyzmrl+9s=
+cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.23.2 h1:pxSCpfiji41hpzpPdMCftEUCezpgpqmmDdYiAjCKXxo=
+cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.23.2/go.mod h1:4DhBRcqvtljQN3dJ57qtqbib5ZGCYE5f2crfiiC2EM0=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8 h1:keo8NaayQZ6wimpNSmW5OPc283g65QNIiLpZnkHRbnc=
 cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8/go.mod h1:XQ9y31RkqZCcwJWNSx2Xvric3RrU88hAYYbjDWYDL+c=
 cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 h1:pDUj4QMoPejqq20dK0Pg2N4yG9zIkYGdBtwLoEkH9Zs=
 cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0/go.mod h1:E0bWwX5wTnLPedCKqk3pJmVgCBSM6qQI1yTBdEb3C10=
-cloud.google.com/go/firestore v1.24.0 h1:x0Z3hrgjYgo2wI9whuBRQcNc2hYwzZDQy/7pkUXbXcs=
-cloud.google.com/go/firestore v1.24.0/go.mod h1:5aojyjN4olKUnBZDCRWwM+NsdrrCX3t1qfyERZGOonM=
-cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.12.0 h1:Aki3bX9aHUDKPHfnRJfDcTdVedvy6quGBQcTqx3DRXk=
-cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.12.0/go.mod h1:FEZ4lXpADAC2AIpQY7LANNjjwyQ2jK439CI2VaD+sLY=
-cloud.google.com/go/logging v1.19.0 h1:NCqhdVUg3wQ8Cobdf16FDSuTGi3+6+hdSBHrY5TsR6Q=
-cloud.google.com/go/logging v1.19.0/go.mod h1:i40NZCHC9Gqvod4yE+yQfDWwlgwW/SrshkkGibCHxcA=
+cloud.google.com/go/firestore v1.25.0 h1:yY3rQKyQXNhnhETdseNayF6W1p4x0bdg9ZYS4hKJfOw=
+cloud.google.com/go/firestore v1.25.0/go.mod h1:0PU6hj+r/QlhB6BLsRX+Kt/SYefTXrpYrBeHbYaSis8=
+cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.13.0 h1:ufT3FPT5rFFXu6UtLkNoxaOaV5EuA1dsSkmemCSTo6U=
+cloud.google.com/go/iam v1.13.0/go.mod h1:gHXdDEiPDvqd1q1KwBDGQlgZY/BwY760zU2LhOZS5w0=
+cloud.google.com/go/logging v1.19.1 h1:7SsLhyTDBDrJw+Ll6Ns3I2mByqHXvJUc3rGjSlwiWgU=
+cloud.google.com/go/logging v1.19.1/go.mod h1:2IkQ/d8jVJqV2qW8ZUGUiMjdZG1gkLD2JReGbZ8isqg=
 cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v1.2.0 h1:WjYH3YHBGCxGJP9M4dWGHBfXr/cFIjMkNgWcJj7/iMM=
 cloud.google.com/go/longrunning v1.2.0/go.mod h1:5KMQALFGOCtFoi2xSOA1u3H7WKlhmckgiyFw7+LGQp0=
 cloud.google.com/go/monitoring v1.30.0 h1:r/d+JUbyKmJ8b07iznuKfzVzrIXTWxHQ3lBRm3x2LlY=
 cloud.google.com/go/monitoring v1.30.0/go.mod h1:htlUR0QWVMrjFzZmN4LGnMAve9xB/eduwjmINxVZ8RM=
-cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.64.0 h1:KLpxI/oX9LxeRsNqn877d2WyeT3ryiEwnGt8pwcSPZg=
-cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.64.0/go.mod h1:lWyAtwvDZHdL3k68WVKbESP6bmWaV23ZJJ/JEVw/ZaQ=
+cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.65.1 h1:LRRpBJUTf+OXDPX9jZUKZ3mSLIsz3htG+qUpeNZovyA=
+cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.65.1/go.mod h1:UsS9OgFg/XHOSYakQ8ZtLWWeyGkk1WnmD/GsGfN0BHM=
 cloud.google.com/go/trace v1.16.0 h1:GmQovzFc5F0CNfl0VLgL64aoTtu7xsM0YajW2GlG9+E=
 cloud.google.com/go/trace v1.16.0/go.mod h1:r+bdAn16dKLSV1G2D5v3e58IlQlizfxWrUfjx7kM7X0=
 firebase.google.com/go/v4 v4.21.0 h1:HBZV4jrLtFYj8EwWyqEZOuRLfkfkV2bpnfyyXHOhPxY=
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ github.com/AlekSi/pointer v1.2.0 h1:glcy/gc4h8HnG2Z3ZECSzZ1IX1x2JxRVuDzaJwQE0+w=
 github.com/AlekSi/pointer v1.2.0/go.mod h1:gZGfd3dpW4vEc/UlyfKKi1roIqcCgwOIvb0tSNSBle0=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0 h1:dRaEfpa2VI55EwlIW72hMRHdWouJeRF7TPYhI+AUQjk=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
-github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/detectors/gcp v1.35.0 h1:bN1gA3of5bXtbnLsRPrwfmbbe7A5UWFlcTHseujLnpc=
-github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/detectors/gcp v1.35.0/go.mod h1:Yj5vHEz/aAepZGliRJsA6uvHAVAQyEwajq9ORCHPxzM=
-github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/exporter/metric v0.59.0 h1:c/Ivw7FuawPLfrr+zB0LZKeCchO2cAHQpF2qZ6OV7rQ=
-github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/exporter/metric v0.59.0/go.mod h1:Zba7lknY/d78oxbKqFTmCsaGwfpzeJ3ktrrLXtnTV6g=
-github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/internal/cloudmock v0.59.0 h1:xTXsqDOj5k9mK3VVWHYUryryJCIdYfXxdjKFwpzINUw=
-github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/internal/cloudmock v0.59.0/go.mod h1:V9g30lTKzfUsEW+gpWssck6u9IhARajmipodImLLcwI=
-github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/internal/resourcemapping v0.59.0 h1:18FRm6ZcN/x9+ZmhMr96hLcTtlLn2/gHPuDLVeg7XcY=
-github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/internal/resourcemapping v0.59.0/go.mod h1:YqwkQPrWSC7+byyc1VlKbWLBF5JsW5IoL6xUkemYSXk=
+github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/detectors/gcp v1.36.0 h1:3SdxXLkgAfiHRWcGTq6fneq9jgoJzneiY0yPQnjoT2E=
+github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/detectors/gcp v1.36.0/go.mod h1:1iIdl0k+ppn9wT0wzR9H7HkSvIui/4qgtnKW10cQtds=
+github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/exporter/metric v0.60.0 h1:HldzheTs05E3ybqSitI/wHaof6+XERRudgZLjYbs3eE=
+github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/exporter/metric v0.60.0/go.mod h1:evkqaSczW9g2BQm1veCtgNhJ4wCCsRrOsSgNIn9LHQk=
+github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/internal/cloudmock v0.60.0 h1:Fx8NtDCmKH4ML2hUkPz4Dq250903vRDojMjVCDKwQuc=
+github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/internal/cloudmock v0.60.0/go.mod h1:V9g30lTKzfUsEW+gpWssck6u9IhARajmipodImLLcwI=
+github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/internal/resourcemapping v0.60.0 h1:Oblia1QXBJlM/wOY9ARRUtsXdDYiMCzk3eCMikqoLbI=
+github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/opentelemetry-operations-go/internal/resourcemapping v0.60.0/go.mod h1:SRAbhyZ4R4FagHMM9VtRgSY/lheRoht2fKelZXQUenk=
 github.com/MicahParks/keyfunc v1.9.0 h1:lhKd5xrFHLNOWrDc4Tyb/Q1AJ4LCzQ48GVJyVIID3+o=
 github.com/MicahParks/keyfunc v1.9.0/go.mod h1:IdnCilugA0O/99dW+/MkvlyrsX8+L8+x95xuVNtM5jw=
 github.com/SherClockHolmes/webpush-go v1.4.0 h1:ocnzNKWN23T9nvHi6IfyrQjkIc0oJWv1B1pULsf9i3s=
@@ -50,9 +50,8 @@ github.com/cncf/xds/go v0.0.0-20260202195803-dba9d589def2 h1:aBangftG7EVZoUb69Os
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@@ -60,8 +59,8 @@ github.com/emersion/go-smtp v0.17.0 h1:tq90evlrcyqRfE6DSXaWVH54oX6OuZOQECEmhWBME
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@@ -96,10 +95,10 @@ github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.9 h1:LGD7gtMgezd8a/Xak7mEWL0PjoTQFvpRudN895yqKW0=
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@@ -120,8 +119,8 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
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@@ -133,8 +132,6 @@ github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINE
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@@ -150,12 +147,12 @@ github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQD
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@@ -165,38 +162,40 @@ github.com/xrash/smetrics v0.0.0-20250705151800-55b8f293f342/go.mod h1:Ohn+xnUBi
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+golang.org/x/crypto v0.55.0 h1:+KWHjbgOaAQ66dh/YlkZKHlz9ZUlq61AFirAR9ntP8M=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.55.0/go.mod h1:uq0V9dE/fzQuJtbnL+2EhWOE63vo164FY8xqEnV9xis=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91VN4djpZkiMVwK6gcyfeH4XE8wZrZaV4=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.12.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
@@ -211,8 +210,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.10.0/go.mod h1:0qNGK6F8kojg2nk9dLZ2mShWaEBan6FAoqfSigmmuDg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.15.0/go.mod h1:idbUs1IY1+zTqbi8yxTbhexhEEk5ur9LInksu6HrEpk=
 golang.org/x/net v0.21.0/go.mod h1:bIjVDfnllIU7BJ2DNgfnXvpSvtn8VRwhlsaeUTyUS44=
 golang.org/x/net v0.25.0/go.mod h1:JkAGAh7GEvH74S6FOH42FLoXpXbE/aqXSrIQjXgsiwM=
-golang.org/x/net v0.57.0 h1:K5+3DljvIuDG9/Jv9rvyMywYNFCQ9RSUY6OOTTkT+tE=
-golang.org/x/net v0.57.0/go.mod h1:KpXc8iv+r3XplLAG/f7Jsf9RPszJzdR0f58q9vGOuEU=
+golang.org/x/net v0.58.0 h1:ynWG7rqYi4ccpTEuPZ2QGWHktVEM9DMCj9yzDE0Q7To=
+golang.org/x/net v0.58.0/go.mod h1:YwCddHnFlT7eLQqVprV19OnhLGtc5xOKgE0RyqgfWAU=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 h1:peZ/1z27fi9hUOFCAZaHyrpWG5lwe0RJEEEeH0ThlIs=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0/go.mod h1:YDBUJMTkDnJS+A4BP4eZBjCqtokkg1hODuPjwiGPO7Q=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -260,8 +259,8 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.15.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.21.0/go.mod h1:4IBbMaMmOPCJ8SecivzSH54+73PCFmPWxNTLm+vZkEQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.40.0 h1:Ub2Z6/xjgF1WrYQz2nuITOEegKFtiIy+rieRJ5lHZKs=
-golang.org/x/text v0.40.0/go.mod h1:hpnzDAfGV753zIKo+wk3u1bVKCGPbrnF7+7LBF/UHVY=
+golang.org/x/text v0.41.0 h1:vz/seA0lnX87Othu2f/0L24RcgrXD9/YFTSuGjj3rH8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.41.0/go.mod h1:jvf1O8ajNzZqhSrQBPbutR/EB83Cc0CFrezNQIwbb5M=
 golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 h1:bbrp8t3bGUeFOx08pvsMYRTCVSMk89u4tKbNOZbp88U=
 golang.org/x/time v0.15.0/go.mod h1:Y4YMaQmXwGQZoFaVFk4YpCt4FLQMYKZe9oeV/f4MSno=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
@@ -274,22 +273,22 @@ golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8T
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.17.0 h1:VbpOemQlsSMrYmn7T2OUvQ4dqxQXU+ouZFQsZOx50z4=
 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.17.0/go.mod h1:El3tOrEuMpv2UdMrbNlKEh9vd86bmQ6vqIcDwxEOc1E=
-google.golang.org/api v0.291.0 h1:wfPbbY+mr9c7wZLqqzrHJLft/q8iFKREd6IgTBUene0=
-google.golang.org/api v0.291.0/go.mod h1:at7kwWbuonglBFEBoeMDAV1bguHqL3qf0BHFsv3coa0=
+google.golang.org/api v0.297.0 h1:WktxTsnnx0yZNnsR6j0q6hR21RnnK81FHTOPy/ux4OE=
+google.golang.org/api v0.297.0/go.mod h1:S4m8x0M6OkQpkOzGk1y9JG2sm4fFQrMh6dxzjCTszhE=
 google.golang.org/appengine/v2 v2.0.6 h1:LvPZLGuchSBslPBp+LAhihBeGSiRh1myRoYK4NtuBIw=
 google.golang.org/appengine/v2 v2.0.6/go.mod h1:WoEXGoXNfa0mLvaH5sV3ZSGXwVmy8yf7Z1JKf3J3wLI=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260803160001-6ac0973c030d h1:33JLrUF0lFT31667SAtJzZAjLewV0ew5Mizks4caz0A=
-google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260803160001-6ac0973c030d/go.mod h1:I7vGRdTamb7ukERkgP9I+0e4p21O4ak3cM7ICA3krg8=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260803160001-6ac0973c030d h1:FarXi840EJWSHYTN3ERkADbPWjl307+FGrA22KAVjjc=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260803160001-6ac0973c030d/go.mod h1:K/+WGbmBY7aNW1HDw1fJnKYo10i0DkAX6pows00dLig=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260803160001-6ac0973c030d h1:IL4hdHzcUv2l/gcg98/Rj3FbtE6axwqslOW8SW0C+S0=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260803160001-6ac0973c030d/go.mod h1:4Hqkh8ycfw05ld/3BWL7rJOSfebL2Q+DVDeRgYgxUU8=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.83.0 h1:JeNZEKJFbQxArAMl+hiytHauacDNqJUllNfmIMmpqnQ=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.83.0/go.mod h1:kDyl6SKsiHKt0uylY5gtn5cEjkrIOhQOGDgIc4JGwzQ=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260825221802-da73d73af1c5 h1:jPP56YzdY899KJ5W7efXHt/CkjlVfAaoFOwdi/IEAFA=
+google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20260825221802-da73d73af1c5/go.mod h1:gutZdP0DwAHp4vu5WaXgEK7tjsJ77ZEqzlOFWGZGziE=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260825221802-da73d73af1c5 h1:izFU9hz7aeLI/Mi1J0991ae+xcwRLr7hTqWnB/9aIIU=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260825221802-da73d73af1c5/go.mod h1:3LhxRw4YYkf+ylAfgaY9JlVLFKhokkCV8duhLLe7+t0=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260825221802-da73d73af1c5 h1:1VUiZAXyC+zmiFYi+WLtBzr68Cj8wOofHjjrA/kkizc=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260825221802-da73d73af1c5/go.mod h1:DjtHYE8FKJLivXcBEjGwndXfIC23G0VpXiXKqG179uA=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.83.2 h1:EManeRomTObA0BU7I8vXgg/78uE5MJ9M8B39EX2WscU=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.83.2/go.mod h1:YPI1hK3kDked6iHvgX3tR0y+nX/qpMFKhPgFsokw1S8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.30.0/go.mod h1:HV8QOd/L58Z+nl8r43ehVNZIU/HEI6OcFqwMG9pJV4I=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 h1:fV6ZwhNocDyBLK0dj+fg8ektcVegBBuEolpbTQyBNVE=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.12 h1:pJOKDDOyeXErUroCihFAd5LQuwXBSpVnKGrj5o/fwxc=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.12/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c/go.mod h1:JHkPIbrfpd72SG/EVd6muEfDQjcINNoR0C8j2r3qZ4Q=
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -18,6 +19,9 @@ import (
 const (
 	tagMessageCache = "message_cache"
 	schemaStore     = "message" // Store name in the schema_version table (see db/schema)
+
+	// NoLimit reads a topic's cached messages without a size budget.
+	NoLimit = 0
 )

 var errNoRows = errors.New("no rows found")
@@ -186,19 +190,29 @@ func (c *Cache) addMessages(ms []*model.Message) error {
 	return nil
 }

-// Messages returns messages for a topic since the given marker, optionally including scheduled messages
+// Messages returns all cached messages for a topic, oldest first. Prefer MessagesCapped on
+// request paths: an uncapped replay of a busy topic is as large as the topic's entire cache.
 func (c *Cache) Messages(topic string, since model.SinceMarker, scheduled bool) ([]*model.Message, error) {
-	if since.IsNone() {
-		return make([]*model.Message, 0), nil
-	} else if since.IsLatest() {
-		return c.messagesLatest(topic)
-	} else if since.IsID() {
-		return c.messagesSinceID(topic, since, scheduled)
-	}
-	return c.messagesSinceTime(topic, since, scheduled)
+	messages, _, err := c.MessagesCapped(topic, since, scheduled, NoLimit)
+	return messages, err
 }

-func (c *Cache) messagesSinceTime(topic string, since model.SinceMarker, scheduled bool) ([]*model.Message, error) {
+// MessagesCapped returns cached messages for a topic, oldest first, keeping the newest messages
+// that fit in maxBytes worth of Message.Size (0 = no budget). The bool reports whether older messages
+// were dropped, so the caller can tell the client that what it got is incomplete.
+func (c *Cache) MessagesCapped(topic string, since model.SinceMarker, scheduled bool, maxBytes int64) ([]*model.Message, bool, error) {
+	if since.IsNone() {
+		return make([]*model.Message, 0), false, nil
+	} else if since.IsLatest() {
+		messages, err := c.messagesLatest(topic)
+		return messages, false, err
+	} else if since.IsID() {
+		return c.messagesSinceID(topic, since, scheduled, maxBytes)
+	}
+	return c.messagesSinceTime(topic, since, scheduled, maxBytes)
+}
+
+func (c *Cache) messagesSinceTime(topic string, since model.SinceMarker, scheduled bool, maxBytes int64) ([]*model.Message, bool, error) {
 	var rows *sql.Rows
 	var err error
 	rdb := c.db.ReadOnly()
@@ -208,12 +222,12 @@ func (c *Cache) messagesSinceTime(topic string, since model.SinceMarker, schedul
 		rows, err = rdb.Query(c.queries.selectMessagesSinceTime, topic, since.Time().Unix())
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, false, err
 	}
-	return readMessages(rows)
+	return readMessagesCapped(rows, maxBytes)
 }

-func (c *Cache) messagesSinceID(topic string, since model.SinceMarker, scheduled bool) ([]*model.Message, error) {
+func (c *Cache) messagesSinceID(topic string, since model.SinceMarker, scheduled bool, maxBytes int64) ([]*model.Message, bool, error) {
 	var rows *sql.Rows
 	var err error
 	rdb := c.db.ReadOnly()
@@ -223,9 +237,9 @@ func (c *Cache) messagesSinceID(topic string, since model.SinceMarker, scheduled
 		rows, err = rdb.Query(c.queries.selectMessagesSinceID, topic, since.ID())
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, false, err
 	}
-	return readMessages(rows)
+	return readMessagesCapped(rows, maxBytes)
 }

 func (c *Cache) messagesLatest(topic string) ([]*model.Message, error) {
@@ -458,6 +472,42 @@ func (c *Cache) processMessageBatches() {
 	}
 }

+// readMessagesCapped reads a newest-first result set, keeping the newest messages that fit in
+// maxBytes worth of Message.Size (0 = no budget), and reverses them into the oldest-first
+// order callers expect. It stops scanning once the budget is spent rather than reading everything
+// and trimming, so a replay of a huge topic never materializes the whole cache. The bool reports
+// whether older messages were left behind.
+func readMessagesCapped(rows *sql.Rows, maxBytes int64) ([]*model.Message, bool, error) {
+	defer rows.Close()
+	messages := make([]*model.Message, 0)
+	truncated := false
+	var total int64
+	for rows.Next() {
+		m, err := readMessage(rows)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, err
+		}
+		if maxBytes > 0 {
+			size := int64(m.Size())
+			// Always return at least one message, even if it alone exceeds the budget: an empty
+			// reply is less useful than an oversized one, and the per-field limits bound how big it gets.
+			if len(messages) > 0 && total+size > maxBytes {
+				truncated = true
+				break
+			}
+			total += size
+		}
+		messages = append(messages, m)
+	}
+	if !truncated {
+		if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+			return nil, false, err
+		}
+	}
+	slices.Reverse(messages)
+	return messages, truncated, nil
+}
+
 func readMessages(rows *sql.Rows) ([]*model.Message, error) {
 	defer rows.Close()
 	messages := make([]*model.Message, 0)
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ const (
 		SELECT mid, sequence_id, time, event, expires, topic, message, title, priority, tags, click, icon, actions, attachment_name, attachment_type, attachment_size, attachment_expires, attachment_url, sender, user_id, content_type, encoding
 		FROM message
 		WHERE topic = $1 AND time >= $2 AND published = TRUE
-		ORDER BY time, id
+		ORDER BY time DESC, id DESC
 	`
 	postgresSelectMessagesSinceTimeIncludeScheduledQuery = `
 		SELECT mid, sequence_id, time, event, expires, topic, message, title, priority, tags, click, icon, actions, attachment_name, attachment_type, attachment_size, attachment_expires, attachment_url, sender, user_id, content_type, encoding
 		FROM message
 		WHERE topic = $1 AND time >= $2
-		ORDER BY time, id
+		ORDER BY time DESC, id DESC
 	`
 	postgresSelectMessagesSinceIDQuery = `
 		SELECT mid, sequence_id, time, event, expires, topic, message, title, priority, tags, click, icon, actions, attachment_name, attachment_type, attachment_size, attachment_expires, attachment_url, sender, user_id, content_type, encoding
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ const (
 		WHERE topic = $1
 		  AND id > COALESCE((SELECT id FROM message WHERE mid = $2), 0)
 		  AND published = TRUE
-		ORDER BY time, id
+		ORDER BY time DESC, id DESC
 	`
 	postgresSelectMessagesSinceIDIncludeScheduledQuery = `
 		SELECT mid, sequence_id, time, event, expires, topic, message, title, priority, tags, click, icon, actions, attachment_name, attachment_type, attachment_size, attachment_expires, attachment_url, sender, user_id, content_type, encoding
 		FROM message
 		WHERE topic = $1
 		  AND (id > COALESCE((SELECT id FROM message WHERE mid = $2), 0) OR published = FALSE)
-		ORDER BY time, id
+		ORDER BY time DESC, id DESC
 	`
 	postgresSelectMessagesLatestQuery = `
 		SELECT mid, sequence_id, time, event, expires, topic, message, title, priority, tags, click, icon, actions, attachment_name, attachment_type, attachment_size, attachment_expires, attachment_url, sender, user_id, content_type, encoding
@@ -31,25 +31,25 @@ const (
 		SELECT mid, sequence_id, time, event, expires, topic, message, title, priority, tags, click, icon, actions, attachment_name, attachment_type, attachment_size, attachment_expires, attachment_url, sender, user, content_type, encoding
 		FROM messages
 		WHERE topic = ? AND time >= ? AND published = 1
-		ORDER BY time, id
+		ORDER BY time DESC, id DESC
 	`
 	sqliteSelectMessagesSinceTimeIncludeScheduledQuery = `
 		SELECT mid, sequence_id, time, event, expires, topic, message, title, priority, tags, click, icon, actions, attachment_name, attachment_type, attachment_size, attachment_expires, attachment_url, sender, user, content_type, encoding
 		FROM messages
 		WHERE topic = ? AND time >= ?
-		ORDER BY time, id
+		ORDER BY time DESC, id DESC
 	`
 	sqliteSelectMessagesSinceIDQuery = `
 		SELECT mid, sequence_id, time, event, expires, topic, message, title, priority, tags, click, icon, actions, attachment_name, attachment_type, attachment_size, attachment_expires, attachment_url, sender, user, content_type, encoding
 		FROM messages
 		WHERE topic = ? AND id > COALESCE((SELECT id FROM messages WHERE mid = ?), 0) AND published = 1
-		ORDER BY time, id
+		ORDER BY time DESC, id DESC
 	`
 	sqliteSelectMessagesSinceIDIncludeScheduledQuery = `
 		SELECT mid, sequence_id, time, event, expires, topic, message, title, priority, tags, click, icon, actions, attachment_name, attachment_type, attachment_size, attachment_expires, attachment_url, sender, user, content_type, encoding
 		FROM messages
 		WHERE topic = ? AND (id > COALESCE((SELECT id FROM messages WHERE mid = ?), 0) OR published = 0)
-		ORDER BY time, id
+		ORDER BY time DESC, id DESC
 	`
 	sqliteSelectMessagesLatestQuery = `
 		SELECT mid, sequence_id, time, event, expires, topic, message, title, priority, tags, click, icon, actions, attachment_name, attachment_type, attachment_size, attachment_expires, attachment_url, sender, user, content_type, encoding
@@ -101,6 +101,24 @@ func (m *Message) ForJSON() *Message {
 	return m
 }

+// Size returns an approximate byte size of the variable-length, publisher-controlled parts of a
+// message. It is used to budget cache replays, so it deliberately counts every field a publisher
+// can grow rather than trying to match the exact wire size.
+func (m *Message) Size() int {
+	size := len(m.ID) + len(m.SequenceID) + len(m.Event) + len(m.Topic) + len(m.Title) +
+		len(m.Message) + len(m.Click) + len(m.Icon) + len(m.ContentType) + len(m.Encoding) + len(m.PollID)
+	for _, tag := range m.Tags {
+		size += len(tag)
+	}
+	for _, action := range m.Actions {
+		size += action.Size()
+	}
+	if m.Attachment != nil {
+		size += len(m.Attachment.Name) + len(m.Attachment.Type) + len(m.Attachment.URL)
+	}
+	return size
+}
+
 // Attachment represents a file attachment on a message
 type Attachment struct {
 	Name    string `json:"name"`
@@ -125,6 +143,18 @@ type Action struct {
 	Value   string            `json:"value,omitempty"`   // used in "copy" action
 }

+// Size returns an approximate byte size of an action's variable-length fields.
+func (a *Action) Size() int {
+	size := len(a.ID) + len(a.Action) + len(a.Label) + len(a.URL) + len(a.Method) + len(a.Body) + len(a.Intent) + len(a.Value)
+	for key, value := range a.Headers {
+		size += len(key) + len(value)
+	}
+	for key, value := range a.Extras {
+		size += len(key) + len(value)
+	}
+	return size
+}
+
 // NewAction creates a new action with initialized maps
 func NewAction() *Action {
 	return &Action{
@@ -73,6 +73,16 @@ const (
 	DefaultAttachmentExpiryDuration    = 3 * time.Hour
 	DefaultAttachmentOrphanGracePeriod = time.Hour // Don't delete orphaned objects younger than this to avoid races with in-flight uploads

+	// DefaultMessagePollSizeLimit caps what one cache replay returns per topic. It is a backstop
+	// against a single request materializing an entire topic cache, not a tunable: on ntfy.sh it
+	// would fire on 2 of ~98k cached topics. See docs/subscribe/api.md#replay-limits.
+	DefaultMessagePollSizeLimit = 10 * 1024 * 1024
+
+	// messageTitleSizeLimit and messageTagsSizeLimit cap two publisher-controlled fields that
+	// otherwise have no limit of their own. Sized off ntfy.sh's own cache: title p999 is 212 bytes
+	// (16 of ~3M messages exceed 1 KB), tags p999 is 244 (197 exceed 512).
+	messageTitleSizeLimit = 1024
+	messageTagsSizeLimit  = 512
 )

 // Defines all per-visitor limits
@@ -174,6 +184,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	MessageDelayMin                      time.Duration
 	MessageDelayMax                      time.Duration
 	MessageSizeLimit                     int
+	MessagePollSizeLimit                 int64
 	TotalTopicLimit                      int
 	TotalAttachmentSizeLimit             int64
 	VisitorSubscriptionLimit             int
@@ -282,6 +293,7 @@ func NewConfig() *Config {
 		TwilioVerifyService:                  "",
 		TwilioCallFormat:                     nil,
 		MessageSizeLimit:                     DefaultMessageSizeLimit,
+		MessagePollSizeLimit:                 DefaultMessagePollSizeLimit,
 		MessageDelayMin:                      DefaultMessageDelayMin,
 		MessageDelayMax:                      DefaultMessageDelayMax,
 		TotalTopicLimit:                      DefaultTotalTopicLimit,
@@ -149,6 +149,8 @@ var (
 	errHTTPBadRequestAnonymousEmailNotAllowed        = &errHTTP{40053, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid request: anonymous email sending is not allowed", "https://ntfy.sh/docs/publish/#e-mail-notifications", nil}
 	errHTTPBadRequestResetLinkInvalid                = &errHTTP{40054, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid request: password reset link invalid or expired", "", nil}
 	errHTTPBadRequestTemplateTooLarge                = &errHTTP{40056, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid request: template too large", "https://ntfy.sh/docs/publish/#message-templating", nil}
+	errHTTPBadRequestTitleTooLarge                   = &errHTTP{40057, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid request: title is too large", "https://ntfy.sh/docs/publish/#limitations", nil}
+	errHTTPBadRequestTagsTooLarge                    = &errHTTP{40058, http.StatusBadRequest, "invalid request: tags are too large", "https://ntfy.sh/docs/publish/#limitations", nil}
 	errHTTPNotFound                                  = &errHTTP{40401, http.StatusNotFound, "page not found", "", nil}
 	errHTTPUnauthorized                              = &errHTTP{40101, http.StatusUnauthorized, "unauthorized", "https://ntfy.sh/docs/publish/#authentication", nil}
 	errHTTPForbidden                                 = &errHTTP{40301, http.StatusForbidden, "forbidden", "https://ntfy.sh/docs/publish/#authentication", nil}
@@ -1147,6 +1147,9 @@ func (s *Server) parsePublishParams(r *http.Request, m *model.Message) (cache bo
 	cache = readBoolParam(r, true, "x-cache", "cache")
 	firebase = readBoolParam(r, true, "x-firebase", "firebase")
 	m.Title = readParam(r, "x-title", "title", "t")
+	if len(m.Title) > messageTitleSizeLimit {
+		return false, false, "", "", "", false, "", errHTTPBadRequestTitleTooLarge
+	}
 	m.Click = readParam(r, "x-click", "click")
 	icon := readParam(r, "x-icon", "icon")
 	filename := readParam(r, "x-filename", "filename", "file", "f")
@@ -1213,6 +1216,14 @@ func (s *Server) parsePublishParams(r *http.Request, m *model.Message) (cache bo
 		priorityStr = "" // Clear since it's already parsed
 	}
 	m.Tags = readCommaSeparatedParam(r, "x-tags", "tags", "tag", "ta")
+	// Measured across all tags, not each one: a publisher can add arbitrarily many
+	tagsSize := 0
+	for _, tag := range m.Tags {
+		tagsSize += len(tag)
+	}
+	if tagsSize > messageTagsSizeLimit {
+		return false, false, "", "", "", false, "", errHTTPBadRequestTagsTooLarge
+	}
 	delayStr := readParam(r, "x-delay", "delay", "x-at", "at", "x-in", "in")
 	if delayStr != "" {
 		if !cache {
@@ -1424,6 +1435,10 @@ func (s *Server) handleSubscribeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, v *
 	}
 	var wlock sync.Mutex
 	var closed bool
+	// Only messages replayed from the cache are charged against the visitor's daily bandwidth
+	// budget, the same one attachment traffic uses. This is set in the poll branch below, which
+	// returns before any Subscribe, so sub() is never called concurrently while it is true.
+	meterPollBandwidth := false
 	defer func() {
 		// This blocks until any in-flight sub() call finishes writing/flushing the response writer,
 		// then marks the connection as closed so future sub() calls are no-ops. This prevents a panic
@@ -1438,16 +1453,22 @@ func (s *Server) handleSubscribeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, v *
 		if !filters.Pass(msg) {
 			return nil
 		}
-		m, err := encoder(msg)
+		encoded, err := encoder(msg)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		// Charge the encoded length, i.e. what actually goes over the wire. Charge before writing,
+		// so an exhausted budget fails the first message and surfaces as a clean 429 with nothing
+		// written.
+		if meterPollBandwidth && !v.BandwidthAllowed(int64(len(encoded))) {
+			return errHTTPTooManyRequestsLimitAttachmentBandwidth
+		}
 		wlock.Lock()
 		defer wlock.Unlock()
 		if closed {
 			return nil
 		}
-		if _, err := w.Write([]byte(m)); err != nil {
+		if _, err := w.Write([]byte(encoded)); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		if fl, ok := w.(http.Flusher); ok {
@@ -1464,7 +1485,8 @@ func (s *Server) handleSubscribeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, v *
 		for _, t := range topics {
 			t.Keepalive()
 		}
-		return s.sendOldMessages(topics, since, scheduled, v, sub)
+		meterPollBandwidth = true
+		return s.sendOldMessages(w, topics, since, scheduled, v, sub)
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
@@ -1480,7 +1502,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleSubscribeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, v *
 	if err := sub(v, model.NewOpenMessage(topicsStr)); err != nil { // Send out open message
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := s.sendOldMessages(topics, since, scheduled, v, sub); err != nil {
+	if err := s.sendOldMessages(w, topics, since, scheduled, v, sub); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	for {
@@ -1615,7 +1637,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleSubscribeWS(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, v *vi
 		for _, t := range topics {
 			t.Keepalive()
 		}
-		return s.sendOldMessages(topics, since, scheduled, v, sub)
+		return s.sendOldMessages(w, topics, since, scheduled, v, sub)
 	}
 	subscriberIDs := make([]int, 0)
 	for _, t := range topics {
@@ -1629,7 +1651,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleSubscribeWS(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, v *vi
 	if err := sub(v, model.NewOpenMessage(topicsStr)); err != nil { // Send out open message
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := s.sendOldMessages(topics, since, scheduled, v, sub); err != nil {
+	if err := s.sendOldMessages(w, topics, since, scheduled, v, sub); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	err = g.Wait()
@@ -1724,21 +1746,30 @@ func (s *Server) setRateVisitors(r *http.Request, v *visitor, rateTopics []*topi

 // sendOldMessages selects old messages from the messageCache and calls sub for each of them. It uses since as the
 // marker, returning only messages that are newer than the marker.
-func (s *Server) sendOldMessages(topics []*topic, since model.SinceMarker, scheduled bool, v *visitor, sub subscriber) error {
+func (s *Server) sendOldMessages(w http.ResponseWriter, topics []*topic, since model.SinceMarker, scheduled bool, v *visitor, sub subscriber) error {
 	if since.IsNone() {
 		return nil
 	}
 	messages := make([]*model.Message, 0)
+	truncated := false
 	for _, t := range topics {
-		topicMessages, err := s.messageCache.Messages(t.ID, since, scheduled)
+		topicMessages, topicTruncated, err := s.messageCache.MessagesCapped(t.ID, since, scheduled, s.config.MessagePollSizeLimit)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		truncated = truncated || topicTruncated
 		messages = append(messages, topicMessages...)
 	}
-	sort.Slice(messages, func(i, j int) bool {
+	// Stable: Time has second granularity, so a multi-topic replay has many equal keys. An unstable
+	// sort reorders them and a topic's own messages come back out of publish order (#1297).
+	sort.SliceStable(messages, func(i, j int) bool {
 		return messages[i].Time < messages[j].Time
 	})
+	// Must be set before the first message is written, or the header is already on the wire. On the
+	// WebSocket path the response has been hijacked by then, so this is a no-op there.
+	if truncated {
+		w.Header().Set("X-Messages-Truncated", "1")
+	}
 	for _, m := range messages {
 		if err := sub(v, m); err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -417,7 +417,10 @@

 # Rate limiting: Attachment size and bandwidth limits per visitor:
 # - visitor-attachment-total-size-limit is the total storage limit used for attachments per visitor
-# - visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit is the total daily attachment download/upload traffic limit per visitor
+# - visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit is the total daily traffic limit per visitor. It covers
+#   attachment downloads/uploads AND messages replayed from the message cache by poll requests. A
+#   poll without a "since" cursor returns the topic's entire cache, so a busy topic can be re-read
+#   for many times its own size; charging it here caps what one visitor can pull per day.
 #
 # visitor-attachment-total-size-limit: "100M"
 # visitor-attachment-daily-bandwidth-limit: "500M"
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime/debug"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -2810,6 +2811,201 @@ func TestServer_PublishAttachmentBandwidthLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }

+func TestServer_PollOrderAcrossTopics(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, func(t *testing.T, databaseURL string) {
+		// Replaying several topics at once concatenates each topic's messages and then sorts the
+		// lot by Time, which has second granularity. That sort must not reorder messages that
+		// share a timestamp, or a topic's own messages come back out of publish order. See #1297.
+		//
+		// The messages have to straddle a second boundary: if every timestamp is identical the
+		// concatenation is already sorted and Go's pdqsort leaves it alone, hiding the bug.
+		s := newTestServer(t, newTestConfig(t, databaseURL))
+
+		const perBatch = 10
+		publish := func(batch int) {
+			for _, topic := range []string{"topicA", "topicB"} {
+				for i := 0; i < perBatch; i++ {
+					body := fmt.Sprintf("%s-%02d", topic, batch*perBatch+i)
+					require.Equal(t, 200, request(t, s, "PUT", "/"+topic, body, nil).Code)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		publish(0)
+		time.Sleep(1100 * time.Millisecond) // Cross a second boundary, so Time is not all-equal
+		publish(1)
+
+		response := request(t, s, "GET", "/topicA,topicB/json?poll=1", "", nil)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, response.Code)
+		messages := toMessages(t, response.Body.String())
+		require.Equal(t, 4*perBatch, len(messages))
+
+		// Each topic's own messages must appear in publish order, whatever the interleaving
+		lastSeen := map[string]int{"topicA": -1, "topicB": -1}
+		for _, m := range messages {
+			topic, seqStr, found := strings.Cut(m.Message, "-")
+			require.True(t, found)
+			seq, err := strconv.Atoi(seqStr)
+			require.Nil(t, err)
+			require.Greater(t, seq, lastSeen[topic], "%s came back out of publish order", m.Message)
+			lastSeen[topic] = seq
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServer_PublishTitleTooLarge(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, func(t *testing.T, databaseURL string) {
+		// Title has no length limit of its own, unlike the body, so it is capped here. Prod p999
+		// is 212 bytes and only 16 of ~3M cached messages exceed 1 KB.
+		s := newTestServer(t, newTestConfig(t, databaseURL))
+
+		require.Equal(t, 200, request(t, s, "PUT", "/mytopic", "x", map[string]string{
+			"Title": strings.Repeat("t", messageTitleSizeLimit),
+		}).Code)
+
+		response := request(t, s, "PUT", "/mytopic", "x", map[string]string{
+			"Title": strings.Repeat("t", messageTitleSizeLimit+1),
+		})
+		require.Equal(t, 400, response.Code)
+		require.Equal(t, 40057, toHTTPError(t, response.Body.String()).Code)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServer_PublishTagsTooLarge(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, func(t *testing.T, databaseURL string) {
+		// Same for tags, measured across all of them: prod p999 is 244 bytes and only 197 of ~3M
+		// cached messages exceed 512.
+		s := newTestServer(t, newTestConfig(t, databaseURL))
+
+		require.Equal(t, 200, request(t, s, "PUT", "/mytopic", "x", map[string]string{
+			"Tags": strings.Repeat("g", messageTagsSizeLimit),
+		}).Code)
+
+		response := request(t, s, "PUT", "/mytopic", "x", map[string]string{
+			"Tags": strings.Repeat("g", messageTagsSizeLimit+1),
+		})
+		require.Equal(t, 400, response.Code)
+		require.Equal(t, 40058, toHTTPError(t, response.Body.String()).Code)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServer_PollSizeLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, func(t *testing.T, databaseURL string) {
+		// A poll without "since" replays the entire cache, which is unbounded in size. The cap is
+		// a byte budget rather than a message count, because message sizes vary ~20x in practice:
+		// a count cap truncates cheap high-volume topics while barely touching the expensive
+		// large-message ones it is meant to catch. The newest messages are kept.
+		c := newTestConfig(t, databaseURL)
+		c.MessagePollSizeLimit = 3500 // Fits three 1000-byte messages, not four
+		s := newTestServer(t, c)
+
+		for i := 0; i < 6; i++ {
+			body := fmt.Sprintf("%04d%s", i, strings.Repeat("x", 996)) // 1000 bytes, ordered prefix
+			require.Equal(t, 200, request(t, s, "PUT", "/mytopic", body, nil).Code)
+		}
+
+		response := request(t, s, "GET", "/mytopic/json?poll=1", "", nil)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, response.Code)
+		require.Equal(t, "1", response.Header().Get("X-Messages-Truncated"))
+		messages := toMessages(t, response.Body.String())
+		require.Equal(t, 3, len(messages))
+		require.Equal(t, "0003", messages[0].Message[:4]) // newest three, oldest first
+		require.Equal(t, "0004", messages[1].Message[:4])
+		require.Equal(t, "0005", messages[2].Message[:4])
+
+		// A topic under the budget is served whole, with no truncation header
+		require.Equal(t, 200, request(t, s, "PUT", "/othertopic", "small", nil).Code)
+		response = request(t, s, "GET", "/othertopic/json?poll=1", "", nil)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, response.Code)
+		require.Empty(t, response.Header().Get("X-Messages-Truncated"))
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(toMessages(t, response.Body.String())))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServer_PollSizeLimitCountsTitle(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, func(t *testing.T, databaseURL string) {
+		// Title is user-controlled and has no length limit of its own, so it has to count against
+		// the replay budget too; otherwise a topic of title-heavy messages sails past the cap.
+		c := newTestConfig(t, databaseURL)
+		c.MessagePollSizeLimit = 1600 // Fits one 500-byte title + 500-byte body, not two
+		s := newTestServer(t, c)
+
+		for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
+			body := fmt.Sprintf("%04d%s", i, strings.Repeat("b", 496))  // 500 bytes
+			title := fmt.Sprintf("%04d%s", i, strings.Repeat("t", 496)) // 500 bytes
+			require.Equal(t, 200, request(t, s, "PUT", "/mytopic", body, map[string]string{"Title": title}).Code)
+		}
+
+		response := request(t, s, "GET", "/mytopic/json?poll=1", "", nil)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, response.Code)
+		require.Equal(t, "1", response.Header().Get("X-Messages-Truncated"))
+		messages := toMessages(t, response.Body.String())
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(messages)) // 3 if the title were not counted
+		require.Equal(t, "0003", messages[0].Message[:4])
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServer_PollSizeLimitCountsEveryField(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, func(t *testing.T, databaseURL string) {
+		// Every field a publisher can grow has to count against the replay budget, not just the
+		// body and title: tags, click, icon and actions are all user-controlled, so anything left
+		// out is a hole the budget can be walked through.
+		c := newTestConfig(t, databaseURL)
+		c.MessagePollSizeLimit = 900 // Two messages fit if only body+title count; one if all fields do
+		s := newTestServer(t, c)
+
+		tags := make([]string, 5)
+		for i := range tags {
+			tags[i] = strings.Repeat("g", 79) // 395 bytes of tags
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+			require.Equal(t, 200, request(t, s, "PUT", "/mytopic", fmt.Sprintf("%04d%s", i, strings.Repeat("b", 196)), map[string]string{
+				"Title": strings.Repeat("t", 200),
+				"Tags":  strings.Join(tags, ","),
+				"Click": "https://example.com/" + strings.Repeat("c", 180),
+			}).Code)
+		}
+
+		response := request(t, s, "GET", "/mytopic/json?poll=1", "", nil)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, response.Code)
+		require.Equal(t, "1", response.Header().Get("X-Messages-Truncated"))
+		messages := toMessages(t, response.Body.String())
+		require.Equal(t, 1, len(messages)) // 2 if only body+title were counted
+		require.Equal(t, "0002", messages[0].Message[:4])
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServer_PollBandwidthLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	forEachBackend(t, func(t *testing.T, databaseURL string) {
+		// A poll without "since" replays the entire cache, so a topic that is cheap to fill is
+		// expensive to read over and over. Replayed bytes are charged against the same daily
+		// budget as attachment traffic. One message per poll keeps the accounting coarse: any
+		// shortfall hits the very first message, so the request is rejected before anything is
+		// written rather than truncated mid-stream.
+		c := newTestConfig(t, databaseURL)
+		c.VisitorAttachmentDailyBandwidthLimit = 9000 // Enough for two replays of the ~4 KB topic below, not three
+		s := newTestServer(t, c)
+
+		require.Equal(t, 200, request(t, s, "PUT", "/mytopic", util.RandomString(4000), nil).Code)
+
+		// Two full replays fit in the budget
+		for i := 1; i <= 2; i++ {
+			response := request(t, s, "GET", "/mytopic/json?poll=1", "", nil)
+			require.Equal(t, 200, response.Code)
+			require.Equal(t, 1, len(toMessages(t, response.Body.String())))
+		}
+
+		// The third is rejected before a single byte is written
+		response := request(t, s, "GET", "/mytopic/json?poll=1", "", nil)
+		require.Equal(t, 429, response.Code)
+		require.Equal(t, 42905, toHTTPError(t, response.Body.String()).Code)
+
+		// A subscription that replays nothing is not charged against the budget
+		response = request(t, s, "GET", "/mytopic/json?poll=1&since=none", "", nil)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, response.Code)
+		require.Empty(t, strings.TrimSpace(response.Body.String()))
+	})
+}
+
 func TestServer_PublishAttachmentBandwidthLimitUploadOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	forEachBackend(t, func(t *testing.T, databaseURL string) {
 		content := util.RandomString(5000) // > 4096
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ type visitor struct {
 	callsLimiter         *util.FixedLimiter // Rate limiter for calls
 	subscriptionLimiter  *util.FixedLimiter // Fixed limiter for active subscriptions (ongoing connections)
 	topicCreationLimiter *rate.Limiter      // Rate limiter for inserting new topics into the in-memory topic map
-	bandwidthLimiter     *util.RateLimiter  // Limiter for attachment bandwidth downloads
+	bandwidthLimiter     *util.RateLimiter  // Limiter for attachment downloads and cached-message replay (polls)
 	accountLimiter       *rate.Limiter      // Rate limiter for account actions (signup, password-reset requests), may be nil
 	authLimiter          *rate.Limiter      // Limiter for incorrect login attempts, may be nil
 	firebase             time.Time          // Next allowed Firebase message
@@ -1 +1 @@
-go1.26.5
+go1.27.0
@@ -167,11 +167,13 @@ func (t *Template) Delims(left, right string) *Template {
 }

 // Funcs adds the elements of the argument map to the template's function map.
-// It must be called before the template is parsed.
+// Any function used in the template must be added before the template is
+// parsed. Funcs may be called more than once, including after parsing (for
+// example, after [Template.Clone]), to replace a function of the same name;
+// the replacement is used when the template is executed.
 // It panics if a value in the map is not a function with appropriate return
 // type or if the name cannot be used syntactically as a function in a template.
-// It is legal to overwrite elements of the map. The return value is the template,
-// so calls can be chained.
+// The return value is the template, so calls can be chained.
 func (t *Template) Funcs(funcMap FuncMap) *Template {
 	t.init()
 	t.muFuncs.Lock()
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
dependabot[bot]	25c3791547	Bump google.golang.org/api from 0.294.0 to 0.297.0 Bumps [google.golang.org/api](https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client) from 0.294.0 to 0.297.0. - [Release notes](https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client/blob/main/CHANGES.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client/compare/v0.294.0...v0.297.0) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: google.golang.org/api dependency-version: 0.297.0 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>	2026-09-15 21:43:11 +00:00
binwiederhier	10cb6506f8	Bump	2026-08-27 20:16:48 +00:00
binwiederhier	7826c86f67	Remove message-poll-limit again, hardcode title/tags/etc limits, count polls toward bandwidth limit	2026-08-27 19:42:30 +00:00
binwiederhier	cae7816e5d	Add message-poll-limit ...	2026-08-27 16:38:21 +00:00
binwiederhier	a0a0a5fde3	Merge branch 'main' of github.com:binwiederhier/ntfy	2026-08-27 14:14:03 +00:00
binwiederhier	fbcd4b6290	Expands bandwidth limit to also include excessive polling	2026-08-27 14:12:01 +00:00
Philipp C. Heckel	f1bdb6bfe1	Merge pull request #1909 from Pimak/add-ntfy-logging-library docs: add ntfy-logging to the Libraries section	2026-08-20 10:18:56 -04:00
PimakandClaude Opus 5	2f53e15a20	docs: add ntfy-logging to the Libraries section Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>	2026-08-20 16:16:24 +02:00
Philipp C. Heckel	4c2b69e059	Merge pull request #1885 from binwiederhier/revert-1882-main Revert "add tzdata to docker arm build"	2026-08-04 07:24:30 +02:00
@@ -1 +1 @@
 .26.5
 .27.0