diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index eed5da5..adcafef 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -53,9 +53,7 @@ const mdContent=` # A corely symbolic language -**Hi** is a programming language inspired by JavaScript, designed with a symbolic core to be more universal, AI-friendly, and conducive to code golfing. The syntax prioritizes symbols over keywords. - -The underscore \`_\` is the global output function. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript _("Hi world") @@ -63,10 +61,7 @@ _("Hi world") ## Declaration and Assignment -Variable lifecycle is split into two distinct symbolic operations. - -- \`:\` **Declaration**: Binds a name in the current scope. -- \`=\` **Assignment**: Reassigns the value of an existing name. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript version: 1.0 // Declaration and initialization @@ -75,10 +70,10 @@ version = 1.1 // Assignment ## Unifying Objects, Functions, and Classes -The **Block** (\`{}\`) is Hi's foundational structure, unifying objects and functions. +[placeholder topic] ### As a Data Structure (Object) -A block can hold \`key: value\` pairs. A \`#\` prefix denotes a private property. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript player: { @@ -91,7 +86,7 @@ _(player.hp) // ~0 (null) because #hp is private \`\`\` ### As Executable Code (Function) -Invoking a block with \`()\` executes its expressions. The value of the last expression is implicitly returned. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // Simple invocation @@ -104,7 +99,7 @@ _(add(2, 3)) // Prints 5 \`\`\` ### As a Hybrid (Factory/Class) -A block can contain both data and logic. When invoked, its internal declarations are re-initialized, making it a natural factory. The context symbol \`@\` can be used to return the newly created instance. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript createPlayer: (name) { @@ -119,7 +114,7 @@ _(player1.hp) // 100 \`\`\` ### Expression Separators -Newlines act as implicit separators. Commas (\`,\`) or semicolons (\`;\`) are required for single-line blocks. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // Multi-line @@ -134,9 +129,7 @@ point: { x: 10, y: 20 } ## Arrow Expressions -For concise single-expression functions, Hi provides the \`=>\` arrow syntax, inspired by JavaScript. It serves as a shorthand for a Block that immediately returns an expression, making it ideal for callbacks and functional patterns. - -It's a direct replacement for \`(params) { ^ expression }\`. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // Standard block @@ -153,17 +146,11 @@ _(doubled) // [2, 4, 6] ## Booleans and Equality -Hi dispenses with boolean keywords in favor of canonical numeric values for truthiness. - -- \`0\` is **falsy** (the canonical false). -- \`!0\` is **truthy** (the canonical true, representing a logical NOT 0). -- \`???\` represents null/undefined values. -- All other numbers, and any non-empty string, block, or array are "truthy". -- The \`==\` operator performs strict equality comparison (equivalent to JavaScript's \`===\`). +[placeholder topic] ## Conditional Expressions -Hi uses a single ternary-like expression for all conditional logic. The simplest form acts like a standard \`if\` statement. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // A simple 'if' to execute code conditionally @@ -171,7 +158,7 @@ status: "active" (status == "active") ? { _("User is active.") } \`\`\` -You can provide an \`else\` branch using the colon (\`:\`) symbol to choose between two actions. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // if / else for choosing an action @@ -179,14 +166,14 @@ isOnline: !0 (isOnline == !0) ? { _("Online") } : { _("Offline") } // Prints "Online" \`\`\` -This structure is powerful because it's an *expression* that always evaluates to a value. The value of the executed block becomes the value of the entire expression, allowing you to assign the result directly to a variable. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // if / else returning a value result: (1 > 2) ? { "A" } : { "B" } // result is "B" \`\`\` -Expressions can be chained to create \`if / else if / else\` logic. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // if / else if / else @@ -198,12 +185,12 @@ grade: (score >= 90) ? { "A" } _(grade) // Prints "C" \`\`\` -If a condition is false and no \`else\` branch is provided, the expression evaluates to \`~0\` (null). +[placeholder topic] ## Data Structures ### Arrays -Arrays are 0-indexed lists of values. They support random access via \`[]\` and are iterable. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript primes: [2, 3, 5, 7] @@ -213,7 +200,7 @@ _(primes) // Mutation: [1, 3, 5, 7] \`\`\` ### Strings -Strings are sequences of characters. They are immutable but support random access and iteration. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript greeting: "Hi" @@ -222,11 +209,7 @@ _(greeting[1]) // "i" ## Destructuring -Destructuring provides an expressive way to extract data from Blocks and Arrays. The extraction operator \`->\` is used to unpack values, mirroring its use in module imports. - -- \`source -> { pattern }\`: Extracts properties from a Block. -- \`source -> [ pattern ]\`: Extracts elements from an Array. -- \`prop -> alias\`: The same operator is used within the pattern for aliasing. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // Setup @@ -248,10 +231,10 @@ _(y) // -5 ## Repetition -Repetition is handled by a unified iteration protocol: \`(source -> pattern) * { ... }\`. This single, concise syntax adapts to iterate over any collection type. +[placeholder topic] ### Iterating Collections -The \`->\` operator extracts elements from a source into a pattern. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // Iterate over an Array's values @@ -272,7 +255,7 @@ users: [{ name: "Orion" }] \`\`\` ### Numeric Ranges -The \`..\` operator creates an iterable numeric range for concise, traditional loops. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // A range from 0 up to (but not including) 3 @@ -282,10 +265,7 @@ The \`..\` operator creates an iterable numeric range for concise, traditional l \`\`\` ### Loop Control -Control flow within loops is managed by distinct symbols: -- \`><\`: **Break**. Immediately terminates the loop. -- \`>>\`: **Continue**. Skips to the next iteration. -- \`^\`: **Return**. Exits the parent block, not just the loop. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript (0..10 -> i) * { @@ -298,7 +278,7 @@ Control flow within loops is managed by distinct symbols: ## Imports -Modules are imported using the \`+\` and \`->\` operators. This allows for destructuring and aliasing of imported members. Placing the module source first allows development tools to provide immediate, context-aware autocompletion for the members being imported—a direct ergonomic improvement over JavaScript's syntax. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // Import 'block1' and 'block2' (as 'alias2') from a module @@ -310,7 +290,7 @@ alias2("some value") ## Context Reference: @ -The \`@\` symbol provides a reference to the current execution context, similar to \`this\` in JavaScript. This allows a Block to refer to the object it was called on, making methods portable and reusable. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // This block is a portable method. @@ -328,12 +308,7 @@ item.log() // Prints "ID is: abc-789" (@ is 'item') ## Expression Blocks and Fluent Chaining -Hi adopts an expression-oriented design, similar to Rust. Every **Block** is an expression that yields a value. - -- The value of the *last expression* in a Block is implicitly returned. -- To return early or explicitly, use the return symbol \`^\`. - -This makes code more concise by eliminating the need for explicit \`return\` keywords in most cases. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript // The last expression, \`a + b\`, is returned. @@ -353,7 +328,7 @@ check: (n) { ### Fluent Chaining -To enable fluent method chaining, Hi adds one special rule: if the last expression in a block produces no value (e.g., an assignment), the block returns its own context (\`@\`) by default. This allows subsequent method calls on the same object. +[placeholder topic] \`\`\`javascript calculator: { @@ -369,63 +344,6 @@ result: calculator.add(10).sub(4).get() _(result) // Prints 6 \`\`\` -## Core Language Blueprint - -To create the initial Hi-to-JS transpiler, the following primitives and built-in functionalities must be defined. This serves as the blueprint for the core standard library. - -### Built-in Definitions Table - -| Type | Name / Symbol | Description | Example | -| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | -| **Global** | \`_\` | The global output function. Transpiles to \`console.log\`. | \`_("hello")\` | -| **Global** | \`Math\` | A global block containing mathematical constants and functions. | \`_(Math.PI)\` | -| | | | | -| **Number** | \`.str()\` | Converts the number to its string representation. | \`age: 21; _(age.str())\` | -| **Number** | \`.fix(d)\` | Formats a number using fixed-point notation. | \`n: 3.14159; _(n.fix(2)) // "3.14"\` | -| | | | | -| **String** | \`.len\` | **Property**: Returns the number of characters in the string. | \`"hi".len // 2\` | -| **String** | \`.num()\` | Parses the string, returning a number. | \`"42".num() // 42\` | -| **String** | \`.upper()\` | Returns the string converted to uppercase. | \`"hi".upper() // "HI"\` | -| **String** | \`.lower()\` | Returns the string converted to lowercase. | \`"HI".lower() // "hi"\` | -| **String** | \`.trim()\` | Removes whitespace from both ends of a string. | \`" hi ".trim() // "hi"\` | -| **String** | \`.split(d)\` | Divides a string into an ordered list of substrings. | \`"a-b-c".split("-") // ["a","b","c"]\` | -| **String** | \`.slice(s,e)\`| Extracts a section of a string and returns it as a new string. | \`"hello".slice(1,3) // "el"\` | -| **String** | \`.has(sub)\`| Determines whether a string contains a given substring. | \`"hi".has("i") // !0 (true)\` | -| **String** | \`.replace(f,r)\` | Replaces the first occurrence of a substring. | \`"hi hi".replace("i","o") // "ho hi"\` | -| **String** | \`.replaceAll(f,r)\` | Replaces all occurrences of a substring. | \`"hi hi".replaceAll("i","o") // "ho ho"\` | -| | | | | -| **Array** | \`.len\` | **Property**: Returns the number of elements in the array. | \`[1,2].len // 2\` | -| **Array** | \`.add(v)\` | Adds one or more elements to the end of an array. | \`a:[1]; a.add(2) // a is now [1,2]\` | -| **Array** | \`.pop()\` | Removes the last element from an array and returns it. | \`a:[1,2]; a.pop() // returns 2\` | -| **Array** | \`.pre(v)\` | Adds one or more elements to the beginning of an array. | \`a:[2]; a.pre(1) // a is now [1,2]\` | -| **Array** | \`.shift()\` | Removes the first element from an array and returns it. | \`a:[1,2]; a.shift() // returns 1\` | -| **Array** | \`.each(fn)\` | Executes a provided function once for each array element. | \`[1,2].each((n)=>{_(n)})\` | -| **Array** | \`.map(fn)\` | Creates a new array with the results of calling a function on every element. | \`[1,2].map((n)=>n*2) // [2,4]\` | -| **Array** | \`.filter(fn)\` | Creates a new array with all elements that pass the test implemented by the provided function. | \`[1,2,3].filter((n)=>n>1) // [2,3]\` | -| **Array** | \`.reduce(fn,iv)\`| Executes a reducer function on each element, resulting in a single output value. | \`[1,2,3].reduce((a,c)=>a+c, 0) // 6\` | -| **Array** | \`.find(fn)\` | Returns the first element in the array that satisfies the provided testing function. | \`[1,2].find((n)=>n>1) // 2\` | -| **Array** | \`.has(v)\` | Determines whether an array includes a certain value. | \`[1,2].has(2) // !0 (true)\` | -| **Array** | \`.join(d)\` | Joins all elements of an array into a string. | \`["a","b"].join("-") // "a-b"\` | -| **Array** | \`.slice(s,e)\`| Returns a shallow copy of a portion of an array into a new array object. | \`[1,2,3].slice(1) // [2,3]\` | -| **Array** | \`.reverse()\`| Reverses an array in place. | \`a:[1,2]; a.reverse() // a is [2,1]\` | -| **Array** | \`.sort(fn)\` | Sorts the elements of an array in place. | \`[3,1,2].sort() // [1,2,3]\` | -| | | | | -| **Block** | \`.keys()\` | Returns an array of a given block's own property names. | \`{a:1}.keys() // ["a"]\` | -| **Block** | \`.values()\` | Returns an array of a given block's own property values. | \`{a:1}.values() // [1]\` | -| **Block** | \`.has(key)\` | Checks if a block has a specified property as its own. | \`{a:1}.has("a") // !0 (true)\` | -| | | | | -| **Math** | \`.PI\` | **Property**: Ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. | \`Math.PI // 3.14159...\` | -| **Math** | \`.abs(n)\` | Returns the absolute value of a number. | \`Math.abs(-5) // 5\` | -| **Math** | \`.floor(n)\` | Returns the largest integer less than or equal to a number. | \`Math.floor(5.9) // 5\` | -| **Math** | \`.ceil(n)\` | Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to a number. | \`Math.ceil(5.1) // 6\` | -| **Math** | \`.round(n)\` | Returns the value of a number rounded to the nearest integer. | \`Math.round(5.5) // 6\` | -| **Math** | \`.max(a,b,..)\`| Returns the largest of the given numbers. | \`Math.max(1,5,2) // 5\` | -| **Math** | \`.min(a,b,..)\`| Returns the smallest of the given numbers. | \`Math.min(1,5,2) // 1\` | -| **Math** | \`.pow(b,e)\` | Returns base to the exponent power. | \`Math.pow(2,3) // 8\` | -| **Math** | \`.sqrt(n)\` | Returns the square root of a number. | \`Math.sqrt(9) // 3\` | -| **Math** | \`.rand()\` | Returns a pseudo-random number between 0 and 1. | \`Math.rand() // e.g., 0.123...\` | - - ---
Hi is in early development. The syntax and features are subject to change.